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1.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 44(1): 14-20, ene.-mar. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560044

RESUMO

RESUMEN Latinoamérica presenta una alta prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Entre 1996-2003 la prevalencia en Santiago de Chile fue del 70%; estudios recientes presentan una disminución en esta infección. Actualizar la frecuencia de Hp es fundamental debido a su impacto en la salud asociado. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue describir la tendencia de la infección por Hp en pacientes que asisten a endoscopía digestiva alta (EDA) ambulatoria en una población chilena. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes mayores de 18 años que asistieron a una primera EDA con test rápido de ureasa entre 2010-2020. La tendencia en el tiempo fue descrita mediante análisis de series de tiempo. Se construyó un modelo Poisson para estimar el riesgo de infección, ajustado por edad y sexo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 355 pacientes [66,9% mujeres; edad media 52 años; Hp 41,6%]. El sexo masculino presentó una mayor frecuencia de infección por Hp [RR 1,13; (IC95%:1,08-1,18)]. La frecuencia de Hp disminuyó significativamente desde 45,1% en 2010 hasta 29% en 2020, con 36% menor probabilidad de presentar infección por Hp en 2020 con respecto al 2010 [RR 0,64; (IC95%:0,55-0,74)]. Se proyectó un descenso progresivo en la tendencia de infección por Hp hasta valores cercanos al 25% para el año 2025. Conclusión: Se observó una reducción significativa en la infección por Hp entre los años 2010-2020. Esta disminución pudiese ser explicada mediante la incorporación de políticas públicas de salud en la última década asociadas a cambios sociosanitarios.


ABSTRACT Latin America presents a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Between 1996-2003, the prevalence in Santiago, Chile, was 70%; recent studies indicate a decrease in this infection. Updating the frequency of Hp is crucial due to its associated health impact. Objective: Our objective was to describe the trend in Hp infection in patients undergoing ambulatory esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in a Chilean population. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients over 18 years old who attended a first EGD with a rapid urease test between 2010-2020. Time trends were described through time series analysis. A Poisson model was constructed to estimate the risk of infection, adjusted for age and gender. Results: 11,355 patients were included [66.9% females; mean age 52 years; Hp 41.6%]. Male gender presented a higher frequency of Hp infection [RR 1.13; (95% CI: 1.08-1.18)]. Hp frequency infection decreased significantly from 45.1% in 2010 to 29% in 2020, with a 36% lower probability of Hp infection in 2020 compared to 2010 [RR 0.64; (95% CI: 0.55-0.74)]. A progressive decline in Hp infection trend was projected, reaching values close to 25% by year 2025. Conclusion: A significant reduction in Hp infection was observed between 2010-2020. This decrease could be explained by the implementation of public health policies in the last decade associated with socio-sanitary changes.

2.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 35(2): 56-63, 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1568193

RESUMO

Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a key quality indicator in screening colonoscopy, closely linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. Currently, the minimum recommended ADR is > 30% with an aspirational goal of > 35%; and the sessile serrated lesion detection rate (SSLDR) minimum is > 7% with an aspirational goal of > 10%. Improving the detection of adenomas and serrated lesions involves rigorous bowel preparation, using the validated Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) with an adequate or superior score (≥ 6, with each segment ≥ 2: right-transverse-left) (minimum > 90% and > 95% aspirational goal). The most basic strategy is to implement split-dose bowel preparation regimens. A minimum withdrawal time of 6 minutes, ideally extended to 9 minutes, improves ADR and SSLDR, especially in the proximal colon. Incorporating techniques such as double examination of the right colon (retroflexion or second forward view), water-assisted colonoscopy, enhanced imaging endoscopy technologies (e.g., NBI, TXI, LCI, BLI), distal attachment devices, artificial intelligence systems (CADe), along with monitoring, feedback, continuing education, and teamwork, are key strategies to increase ADR and SSLDR, consequently, reduce the risk of post-colonoscopy or interval CRC.


La tasa de detección de adenomas (ADR) es un indicador de calidad fundamental en la colonoscopia de tamizaje, estrechamente relacionado con la prevención del cáncer colorrectal (CCR). Actualmente la ADR mínima reco- mendada es > 30% y aspiracional > 35%; y la tasa de detección de lesiones serradas sésiles (SSLDR) mínima > 7% y aspiracional > 10%. Mejorar la detección de adenomas y pólipos serrados implica una preparación intestinal rigurosa, utilizando la escala validada de Boston con puntuación adecuada o superior (≥ 6, con cada segmento ≥ 2: derecho-transverso-izquierdo) (mínimo > 90% y > 95% meta aspiracional). Siendo la estrategia más básica implementar regímenes de preparación intestinal en dosis divididas. Un tiempo de retirada mínimo de 6 minutos, idealmente extendido a 9 minutos, mejora la ADR y SSLDR, especialmente en el colon proximal. La incorporación de técnicas como la doble inspección del colon derecho (retroflexión o segunda visión frontal), la colonoscopia asistida por agua, tecnologías de endoscopia con imagen mejorada (ej: NBI, TXI, LCI, BLI), dispositivos de fija- ción distal, sistemas de inteligencia artificial (CADe), junto con la monitorización, retroalimentación, educación continua y trabajo en equipo, son estrategias clave para aumentar la ADR y SSLDR, en consecuencia, reducir el riesgo de CCR posterior de colonoscopia o intervalo.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Pólipos do Colo/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(10): 1332-1343, oct. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565651

RESUMO

El esófago de Barrett (EB) se define como la condición en la cual una mucosa columnar metaplásica predispuesta a neoplasia reemplaza la mucosa escamosa del esófago distal. La guías actuales recomiendan que el diagnóstico requiere el hallazgo de metaplasia intestinal (MI) con células caliciformes de al menos 1 cm de longitud. El EB afecta aproximadamente al 1% de la población general y hasta en 14% de los pacientes con enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE). El EB es precursor del adenocarcinoma esofágico (ACE), neoplasia en aumento en países occidentales. Los principales factores de riesgo descritos para ACE asociado a EB son: sexo masculino, edad > 50 años, obesidad central y tabaquismo. El riesgo anual de ACE en EB sin displasia, displasia de bajo (DBG) y alto grado es 0,1-0,3%, 0,5% y 5-8%, respectivamente. El tratamiento del EB no displásico consiste en un cambio de estilo de vida saludable, quimioprevención mediante inhibidores de la bomba de protones y vigilancia endoscópica cada 3 a 5 años. Se recomienda que a partir de la presencia de DBG los pacientes sean referidos a un centro experto para la confirmación del diagnóstico, estadio y así definir su manejo. En pacientes con EB y displasia o cáncer incipiente, el tratamiento endoscópico consiste en la resección y ablación, con un éxito cercano al 90%. El principal evento adverso es la estenosis esofágica que es manejada endoscópicamente.


Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the condition in which a metaplastic columnar mucosa predisposed to neoplasia replaces the squamous mucosa of the distal esophagus. The current guidelines recommends that diagnosis requires the finding of intestinal metaplasia (IM) with goblet cells of at least 1 cm in length. BE affects approximately 1% of the general population and up to 14% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). BE is a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), which has increased in western countries. The main risk factors described for EAC associated with BE are male sex, age > 50 years, central obesity and tobacco use. Annual risk of EAC in patients with BE without dysplasia, low grade (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia is 0,1-0,3%, 0,5% y 5-8%, respectively. Treatment of non-dysplastic BE consists mainly of a healthy lifestyle change, chemoprevention with proton pump inhibitors and surveillance endoscopy every 3 to 5 years. It is recommended that from the presence of LGD patients are referred to an expert center for confirmation of the diagnosis, stage and thus define their management. In patients with BE and dysplasia or early-stage cancer, endoscopic therapy with resection and ablation is successful in about 90% of the patients. The main adverse event is esophageal stricture, which is managed endoscopically.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Esôfago de Barrett/diagnóstico , Esôfago de Barrett/etiologia , Esôfago de Barrett/terapia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/etiologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/etiologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Esofagoscopia
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(12): 1773-1786, dic. 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389415

RESUMO

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCN) are frequently detected on abdominal images performed for non-pancreatic indications. Their prevalence in asymptomatic population ranges from 2.7 to 24.8%, and increases with age. There are several types of pancreatic cysts. Some may contain cancer or have malignant potential, such as mucinous cystic neoplasms, including mucinous cystadenoma (MCN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). In contrast, others are benign, such as serous cystadenoma (SCA). However, even those cysts with malignant potential rarely progress to cancer. Currently, the only treatment for pancreatic cysts is surgery, which is associated with high morbidity and occasional mortality. The Board of the Chilean Pancreas Club of the Chilean Gastroenterology Society developed the first Chilean multidisciplinary consensus for diagnosis, management, and surveillance of PCN. Thirty experts were invited and answered 21 statements with five possible alternatives: 1) fully agree; 2) partially agree; 3) undecided; 4) disagree and 5) strongly disagree. A consensus was adopted when at least 80% of the sum of the answers "fully agree" and "partially agree" was reached. The consensus was approved by the Board of Directors of the Chilean Pancreas Club for publication.


Assuntos
Humanos , Cisto Pancreático/diagnóstico , Cisto Pancreático/terapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Chile/epidemiologia , Consenso
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(7): 1025-1030, jul. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139405

RESUMO

Pancreatic metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are exceptional. We report a 80-year-old man consulting for obstructive jaundice and dysphonia. Abdominal ultrasonography showed biliary dilation and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a pancreatic head mass of 36 mm. A left vocal cord paralysis was confirmed and cervical computed tomography (CT) showed multiple thyroid nodules of up to 35 mm associated with bilateral cervical lymph nodes (LN). Positron emission tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT) evidenced hyper-metabolic activity in bilateral cervical LN, lungs, pancreas and left intercostal soft tissue, as well as left gluteus. Thyroid biopsy reported a tall-cell variant of PTC, and endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of pancreatic mass confirmed PTC metastasis. The molecular study was positive for BRAFV600E. Pancreatic metastasis from PTC can be accurately diagnosed with 18 F-FDG PET/CT and EUS-FNA, which is consistent with a predominant expression of BRAFV600E mutation and, thus, an aggressive presentation with poor short-term survival.


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/secundário , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/patologia , Pancreatectomia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Tireoidectomia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/cirurgia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(6): 831-841, jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139378

RESUMO

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease, induced by food allergens, clinically characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction. Pathologically there is a predominant eosinophilic inflammation. This disease is relatively new, and its definitions have evolved over time. Its prevalence and incidence are increasing and causes clinical problems both in children and adults. Its symptoms include food impaction, dysphagia, symptoms that resemble gastroesophageal reflux, abdominal pain, and vomiting. It can also have extra-digestive symptoms such as rhinosinusitis, chronic cough, recurrent croup and hoarseness. EoE can be associated with other atopic conditions, such as asthma, eczema and food allergies. The diagnosis is made by the analysis of endoscopic biopsies (> 15 eosinophils per high power field). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are currently accepted as a treatment for EoE. The clinical and pathological improvement with the use PPIs ceased to be a criterion to define Esophageal eosinophilia responsive to PPIs as a differential diagnosis, since this condition is currently considered within the EoE spectrum. There are three main treatment approaches for EoE: diet, drugs and dilation. Its diagnosis and early treatment are key to avoid or delay its complications, such as stenosis and severe esophageal dysfunction.


Assuntos
Humanos , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Esofagite Eosinofílica/diagnóstico , Esofagite Eosinofílica/terapia , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/terapia , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(7): 841-847, jul. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-603135

RESUMO

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Its prevalence in Europe and the USA is 0.5 to 1 percent. Aim: To analyze epidemiological aspects and degree of compliance with gluten-free diet (GFD) among Chilean individuals with CD. Material and Methods: Subjects with confirmed or suspected CD were invited to answer an online survey published on the web at www.fundacionconvivir.cl. The answers were reinforced with a telephone interview. Results: The survey was answered by 1212 subjects (79 percent females). Median age at diagnosis was 25.8 years (range 1 to 84 years), with a bimodal curve with two peaks at less than 3 years and at 20 to 40 years of age. The diagnosis was made only by serologic markers in 9 percent, only by intestinal biopsy in 17.5 percent, and by a combination of both methods in 70 percento. Conditions associated with CD were reported by 30 percent> of subjects and 20 percent> had relatives with CD. The GFD was strictly adhered to by 70 percent>, occasionally by 27 percent> and never by 3 percent>. Seventy five percent of subjects with a strict adherence to GFD had a favorable clinical response compared with 42 percent> of those with incomplete or lack of adherence (odds ratio 4.0, 95 percent> confidence intervals 2.8-5.7p < 0.01). Conclusions: In 30 percent of respondents, the diagnosis of CD was not confirmed according to international guidelines that require serology and duodenal biopsy. One third of subjects recognized a poor compliance with GFD. Those with a strict adherence to it had a more favorable clinical course. However, 25 percent> did not experience a clinical improvement despite a strict GFD, a finding which requires further study.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Doença Celíaca/dietoterapia , Dieta Livre de Glúten/estatística & dados numéricos , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Doença Celíaca/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População/métodos , Prevalência
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(5): 529-535, mayo 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-553250

RESUMO

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is highly prevalent in Chile, but there are no systematic studies in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Aim: To determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection, according to age, gender and endoscopic pathology in a large sample of patients. Methods: We studied 7,893 symptomatic patients submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between July 1996 and December 2003 in the context of a screening program of gastric cancer in a high risk population. H. pylori infection was determined by rapid urease test (RUT) in antral mucosa. We excluded 158 patients with gastric cancer (2 percent) and 2,071 patients without RUT. Results: We included 5,664 patients, mean age 50.7 ± 13.9 years, women 72.1 percent. Endoscopic diagnoses were normal in 59.3 percent, erosive esophagitis in 20 percent, gastric ulcer (GU) in 8.1 percent, duodenal ulcer (DU) in 6.4 percent, and erosive gastropathy in 6.2 percent. RUT was positive in 78 percent of patients. After adjusting for age and sex and with respect to patients with normal endoscopy, frequency of H. pylori infection was 86.6 percent in DU (OR 2.1, 95 percent CI 1.5-2.8, p < 0.001); 81.4 percent in GU (OR 1.8, 95 percent CI 1.4-2.4; p < 0.001 ); 79.9 percent in erosive gastropathy (OR 1.4, 95 percent CI 1.03-1.8; p = 0.03) and 77.4 percent in erosive esophagitis (OR 1.1, 95 percent CI: 0.9-1.3; p = NS). The probability of H. pylori infection decreased significantly with age, more markedly in men with normal endoscopy. Conclusions: Prevalence of H. pylori infection is very high in symptomatic Chilean patients and even higher in those with gastroduodenal ulcer or erosions, while in patients with erosive esophagitis is similar to those with normal endoscopy. The frequency of infection decreases with age, probably as a consequence of rising frequency of gastric mucosal atrophy.


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori , Úlcera Péptica/microbiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Biópsia , Chile/epidemiologia , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Úlcera Péptica/patologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo
9.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 16(3): 269-276, jul.-sept. 2005. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-433869

RESUMO

El siguiente estudio continúa la serie de publicaciones sobre decisiones clínicas en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y costo-utilidad en Hepatología, usando las herramientas de la Medicina Basada en Evidencia (MBE). En un escenario clínico en que se sospecha la presencia de ascitis, la real utilidad de los hallazgos clínicos no ha sido bien establecida. Usando un modelo de búsqueda basado en una pregunta clínica, tres estudios y un artículo de revisión son identificados. Uno de estos estudios es extensamente analizado, incluyendo criterio de validez interna (gold standard, criterios de selección de pacientes, reproducibilidad de los hallazgos y temporalidad), análisis de resultados y discusión de la aplicabilidad. Cuatro signos clínicos (flancos abultados, matidez en los flancos, matidez desplazable y signo de la ola) fueron examinados de manera independiente por tres gastroenterólogos. Los resultados muestran que, usando la ultrasonografía como gold standard, 21 por ciento de los pacientes tenía ascitis. La sensibilidad y especificidad de las maniobras examinadas fue de 50 por ciento a 94 por ciento, y 29 por ciento a 82 por ciento, respectivamente. La matidez en los flancos fue el más sensible y el signo de la ola el más específico. La metodología del estudio está limitada por el reducido número de pacientes, la falta de adecuados criterios de selección de casos y la ausencia de información acerca la temporalidad de los síntomas. Otros signos presentes en cirrosis son descritos y brevemente analizados, usando MBE. Concluimos que los signos del examen físico son útiles en el diagnóstico de ascitis, siendo la matidez en los flancos y el signo de la ola los más útiles. La ecotomografía se recomienda en casos de duda diagnóstica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ascite/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Exame Físico/métodos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Esplenomegalia/fisiopatologia , Icterícia/fisiopatologia , Pesquisa Biomédica/métodos , Publicação Periódica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sinais em Homeopatia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Sinais e Sintomas , Telangiectasia/fisiopatologia
10.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 20: 33-39, 2003. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-390358

RESUMO

Se presenta la experiencia del Hos`pital Regional de Temuco en el manejo de los aneurísmas operados en grado III y IV de Hunt & Hess en un período de 10 años. De un total de 45 pacientes tratados, 37 fueron mujeres (82.2 porciento), la edad promedio fue 59.6 años, el ingreso a la hospitalización post sangramiento fue de 2.25 día en promedio, 9 pacientes (20 porciento) ingresaron en grado I y II H&H y los 36 restantes en grados 3 o 4. Las ubicaciones más frecuentes del AIC fueron cerebral media 35.6 porciento, comunicante posterior 33.3 porciento, comunicante anterior 17.8 porciento. La evolución preoperatoria fue favorable en 32 casos (71.1 porciento) y en 13 desfavorable (28.9 porciento): aumentaron su H&H y/o se agregaron complicaciones preoperatorias: resangramiento, vasoespasmo,, hidrocefalea, hiponatremía, infecciones, etc. Sólo 12 pacientes (26.7 porciento) se operaron antes de 72 horas post sangramiento. Complicaciones neurológicas: hidrocefalia 24.4 porciento, isquemia cerebral de algún grado 37.8 porciento. Destaca que los pacientes que hicieron aparición o acentuación de déficit isquémico tienen 8.9 vces más probabilidades de mortalidad en los primeros 30 díaspostoperatorios (p=0.000). No existe evidencia suficiente para decir que hay diferencias entre el déficit postoperatorio de pacientes que se intervinieron en <72 horas de aquellos que se intervinieron >72 horas (p=0.514 NS). La mortalidad postoperatoria global a 30 días alcanza 33.3 porciento. La sobrevida a 6 meses llega a un 60 porciento, manteniéndose de igual forma al año postoperatorio.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/classificação , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Chile , Prognóstico
11.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 17: 29-33, 2001. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-313166

RESUMO

Se presenta la experiencia del Hospital Regional de Temuco en el manejo de los aneurismas operados en grado 1 y 2 de Hunt & Hess, en un período de 10 años. De un total de 111 pacientes tratados se destaca el ingreso tardío a la hospitalización (2,89 días en promedio), ingreso tardío a pabellón (11,9 días en promedio), aumento del número de casos operados en un 75 por ciento comparando el primer y segundo quinquenios, mortalidad quirúrgica en un 8,1 por ciento y resultados muy buenos a corto plazo en el 80 por ciento de los casos


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Prognóstico , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea
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