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[Objective]To investigate the effect of adenovirus-mediated glucose transporter 3 (Ad-GLUT3) infection on PC 12 cells of rats after hypoxia-reperfusion injury.[Methods]PC 12 cells treated with hypoxia and re--oxygenation were prepared;after PC12 cells being infected by Ad-GLUT3 (experimental group),adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP group) and blank plasmid (control group),respectively,flow cytometry (FC) and TUNEL assay were used to analyze the apoptosis of PC12 cells;the glucose uptake rate was detected by isotopic-scintiscan,and the expression of nuclear factor (NF-kB) was detected by Western blotting.[Results] FC indicated that the apoptotic rate in the experimental group (4.7％±1.75％) was significantly lower as compared with that in the Ad-GFP group (14.25％±3.46％) and control group (13.1％±2.98％,P＜0.05);TUNEL assay showed that the apoptotic rate in the experimental group (7.7％±3.31％) was significantly lower as compared with that in the Ad-GFP group (17.1％±3.10％) and control group (15.2％±2.70％,P＜0.05).And the glucose uptake rate in the experimental group (603％±13.1％) was obviously higher as compared with that in the Ad-GFP group (300％±8.77％) and control group (319％±11.2％,P＜0.05);and the NF-k＜B level in the experimental group (0.92±0.17) was significantly lower as compared with that in the Ad-GFP group (1.02±0.24) and control group (1.06±0.21,P＜0.05).[Conclusion] After being infected by Ad-GLUT3,the PC12 cells treated with hypoxia and re-oxygenation enjoy elevated glucose uptake rate and inhibited apoptotic rate.
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Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect and prognosis according to a new CT classification of traumatic posterior occipital epidural hematomas (POEH). Methods We classified the CT presentation of 104 patients with POEH by sinus transverses: type Ⅰ hematomas were defined as up-sinus transverses; type Ⅱ hematomas were defined as sub-sinus transverses and type Ⅲ hematomas were defined as straddling sinus transverses. The above types were divided into unilateral or bilateral subtypes. Bone flap craniotomy through a median posterior approach was performed in patients with unilateral hematoma adjacent to the midline. Bone flap craniotomy through a median suboccipital approach was adopted for patients with bilateral middle occipital hematoma. Results Type Ⅰ enjoyed mild symptoms, good curative effect and low mortality rate (7%). Type Ⅱ and Ⅲ had serious symptoms and high mortality rate (13.3%, 16.6%, respectively). Conclusion The classification of the CT presentation of POEH is helpful in confirming the diagnosis, drawing up the scheme of treatment and judging the prognosis.
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Objective To observe the effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on neural cell apoptosis, inflammatory response and expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Fifty-four male SD rats were randomized into sham-operated, ICH and LiCl treatment groups (n=18), and in the latter two groups, ICH was induced by injection of collagenase Ⅳ into the internal capsule, and phosphate buffer solution was injected in the sham-operated group. Seven days before ICH, the rats in LiCl group received intraperitoneal injection of 1 mmol/kg LiCl once daily till the rats were sacrificed. Brain tissue specimens were collected at 1, 3, and 7 d after ICH to observe neural cell apoptosis, inflammatory response and expression of NF-κB in rat brain using terminal dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL), HE staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Compared with the ICH model group, the rats in LiCl treatment group showed significantly reduced number of TUNEL-positive cells in the brain tissues around the hematoma at 1, 3, and 7 days after ICH (P<0.05). NF-κB protein expression was observed 1 day after ICH, which reached the peak level on day 3 and lowered 7 days after ICH. LiCl treatment significantly lowered the expression of NF-κB protein in comparison with that in ICH group (P<0.05) and obviously ameliorated the inflammatory responses in the brain tissues. Conclusion LiCl provides neuroprotection against ICH by inhibiting neural cell apoptosis and reducing inflammatory response through down-regulation of NF-κB expression.
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Objective To observe neural stem cell activation and proliferation in situ afterintracerebal hemorrhage (ICH) and its effect on the neurological function of the injured adult rats.Methods Seventy-two adult rats were randomized into ICH and sham operation groups (n=36). In theICH group, type Ⅳ collagenase was injected into the internal capsule through a microinfusion pump toinduce intracerebral hemorrhage, and the rats in the sham operation group received only phosphate buffersolution injection. The neurological functions of the rats were observed by rotarod motor test on days 1, 7,14, 21, 28, and 35 after the injection. One day before sacrifice, the rots were subjected to intraperitonealBrdU injection to label the regenerated cells, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect theexpressions of nestin and BrdU in the brain tissue. Results No nestin- or BrdU-positive cells werefound in the brain of the rats in the sham operation group. In rats with ICH, nestin- and BrdU-positivecells were found predominantly in the basal ganglion around the hematoma, in the ependyma and near thesubventricular zone (SVZ) in the brain; the number of the positive cells increased significantly 7 daysafter ICH, peaked on day 14 and then significantly reduced on day 28. The rats exhibited no obviousimprovement of the impaired motor function over the period from day 1 to 35 after ICH. Activation andproliferation of the neural stem cells was not obviously related to the recovery of the neurologicalfunctions. Conclusion Endogeneous neural stem cells in the brain are activated in rats after ICH, butthese stem cells possess rather limited capacity of proliferation and can not sufficiently compensate forICH-induced neurological function impairment.