Application of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction in Forensic Toxicological Analysis / 法医学杂志

Currently, the main sample pretreatment methods for forensic toxic analysis are liquid-liquid extraction （LLE） and solid-phase extraction （SPE）. As a simple, convenient, and low-cost LLE method, dispersion liquid-liquid microextraction （DLLME） has high enrichment factor and good extraction efficiency, and therefore has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of toxicology analysis in recent years. As a multi-functional microextraction method, DLLME has been widely used in the analysis of pesticides, sleeping sedatives, drugs and heavy metal poisons in forensic toxic analysis. Meanwhile, it can also be used in combination with such a variety of analytical instruments as gas chromatography-electron capture detectors （GC-ECD）, high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detectors （HPLC-DAD）. As a sample pretreatment method, DLLME has the advantages of simple operation, less use of organic solvent, reliable results and good reproducibility, thus can meet the requirements of modern court toxic analysis.

A pair of sulfonated diarylheptanoid epimers from Kaempferia galanga / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To discover new bioactive constituents from Kaempferia galanga L. (Zingiberaceae).@*METHODS@#The extract of K. galanga was divided into the chloroform and water-soluble portions. The latter fraction was successively subjected to column chromatography over a D101 macroporous adsorption resin, MCI, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC to obtain two compounds.@*RESULTS@#Two novel sulfonated diarylheptanoid epimers, namely kaempsulfonic acids A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of K. galanga. Their structures were established by analysis of spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by the comparison of experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy and the computational calculation method, combined with Mo2(OAc)4 induced circular dichroism (ICD).@*CONCLUSION@#The isolates 1 and 2 are new compounds and their absolute configurations were determined for the first time.

Effects of TNF-α on ICAM-1 and LFA-1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with febrile seizures / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of TNF-α on ICAM-1 and LFA-1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with febrile seizures (FS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen children with FS and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled. The samples of PBMC from FS children were randomized into two groups with or without TNF-α treatment (TNF-α concentration 1.0 ng/mL). PBMC were purified and cultured with a conventional method in vitro. The expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 in PBMC was determined by flow cytometry (FCM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ICAM-1［(20±9)% vs (14±7)%)］and LFA-1［(43±16)% vs (30±16)%］expression in PBMC in the untreated FS group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with the untreated FS group, the treatment with TNF-α remarkably increased the ICAM-1 expression［(27±11)%］(P<0.05). PBMC LFA-1 expression［(52±21)%］in the TNF-α-treated group was higher than that in the untreated FS group, although there were no statistical differences between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TNF-α treatment may increase LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression in PBMC of children with FS.</p>

Anxiety and its effect factors in children with epilepsy / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the anxiety state of children with epilepsy and explore the influence of patients' depression, personality and guardians' anxiety, depression and personality on the patients' anxiety state. Methods Ninety-five epileptic children (epilepsy group) and their guardians were assessed to rate their anxiety, depression and personality with Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC), Depression Self Rating Scale for Children (DSRS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire of children and adult (EPQ). One hundred and eighteen children recovered from upper respiratory infection were included in our study as control group. Results The SASC scores in the epilepsy group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05); in the epilepsy group, the SASC scores of girls were higher than those of boys (P＜0.05);the anxiety level of patients of all ages increased with ages; SASC scores in epilepsy group aged 13-15 years were higher than that of control group (P＜0.05). The SASC scores were positively correlated to the DSRS scores and the scores of N and P dimension of EPQ, and negatively correlated to scores of E dimension of EPQ in the epileptic group (P＜0.05). The SASC scores of patients were positively correlated to the SAS scores of guardians and negatively to scores of E dimension of EPQ in guardians (P＜0.05). No correlation between SASC scores of patients and scores of guardians' BDI and P, N dimensions of EPQ was noted (P＞0.05). Under the condition that educational level of guardians were the same, no significant differences in the SASC scores were noted between epilepsy group and control group (P＞0.05). Under the condition that educational level of guardians were different, no significant differences in the SASC scores were noted in the epilepsy group (P＞0.05). Under the condition that the occupation of guardians were the same, no significant differences in the SASC scores were noted between epilepsy group and control group (P＞0.05). Although the guardians' occupation was different (workers, farmers or administration staff), no significant differences in their children's SASC scores were noted in the epilepsy group (P＞0.05). The epileptic seizure type (partial or generalized seizure), neuroimaging changes and course of the disease had no significant influence on the patients' SASC scores in the epilepsy group (P＞0.05). Conclusion Anxiety level of children with epilepsy is higher than that of the healthy ones, which is related to gender,and age of children, anxiety or depression level and some personality of themselves and guardians, but not correlated to epileptic seizure type, neuroimaging changes, course of the disease, guardians' educational level and occupation.

Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam Monotherapy on Children with Epilepsy / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy on children with epilepsy.Methods Forty-one children (26 cases were male,15 cases were female) with epilepsy aged 7 months to 13 years were treated with LEV as monotherapy.These patients were selected from Department of Neurology ,Wuhan Children′s Hospital, from Aug.2007 to Aug.2009.The starting do-sage of LEV was (13.6?4.7) mg?kg-1?d-1,twice daily,and its objective dosage was (25.7?7.5) mg?kg-1?d-1,twice daily.LEV monotherapy was investigated by a self-controlled and open-label research,and the follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 2 years.Results The effective rate was 68.3% (28 cases),with 39.0% (16 cases) achieving seizure freedom in LEV monotherapy of children with epilepsy.Thirteen patients (31.7%) had poor efficacy in reduction of seizures,7 patients (17.1%) discontinued LEV monotherapy due to either an inadequate seizure control or aggravated seizures.Fifteen patients (36.6%) had the therapy-related adverse events in LEV monotherapy,including gastrointestinal dysfunction (5 cases),irritability (5 cases),dizziness (2 cases) and somnolence (2 cases).The adverse effects appeared in 2-4 weeks of early LEV therapy and were spontaneously disappeared in 1 week to 1 month of continuing therapy.Conclusions The LEV monotherapy is effective and safe for the control of partial and generalized seizures in children with epilepsy.LEV appears to be a broad-spectrum,first-line anti-epileptic drug in treatment of children with epilepsy.

Significance of Biological Rhythm on Selective Nocte Treatment on Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy / 实用儿科临床杂志

0.05).The adverse effect of treatment group was significantly less than control group(P

Clinical Characteristics and Diagnosis of Children with Poliomyelitis-Like Syndrome / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnostic main points of poliomyelitis-like syndrome(PS).Met-hods The clinical data of 15 children with PS were analyzed retrospectively including nervous system manifestation,results of lab andauxiliary examination,diagnosis and reason of misdiagnosis,treatment and progress.Results PS in all 15 children was characterized by mean age of onset(3.3 years),and forerunner infection(in 11 cases,73%)with acute upper respiratory infection of diarrhea 1-2 weeks pre-onset or during onset.All cases were acute flaccid paralysis,12 cases(80%) of which were only one limb.The positive outcome of serologic examination in PS consisted of 4 cases in coxsackie virus-IgM,1 case in EB virus-IgM,1 case in herpes simplex virus-IgM and 1 case in mycoplasma-IgM.All children showed the electromyologram changes in nerve damage.The muscle force of 4 cases increased one grade.Conclusions Children with PS are characterized by the age of onset under 5 years old,acute flaccid paralysis(mostly affected one limb),and the most pathogen being enterovirus.The electromyologram examination can help establish a definite diagnosis in PS.

Prognosis of Children with Tourette Syndrome and Affective Factor / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the risk factors affecting prognosis of children with Tourette syndrome(TS).Methods The follow-up visits were conducted on the clinical data of 98 cases with TS(85 male,13 female;aged 4-16 years old)from 1997 to 2005 in Wuhan children's hospital.All cases were consistent with the diagnostic criteria of TS in the 4th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-Ⅳ).The investigations were performed by the investigators who received special training using the unified questionnaire with the methods of direct inquiry or by telephone.The factors included sex,age,severity of TS,the primary symptoms,family history,coexisting diseases,basic diseases,perinatal abnormity and family-social relations.The prognosis of TS and these factors were analyzed by linear regression and stepwise regression with SPSS 12.0 software.Results About 16 cases lost follow-up and the other 82 cases with follow-up(72 male and 10 female)received retrospective review.They were 14 to 25 years old with complete data,and 50 cases healed,32 cases not healed.Results from non-conditional simple variant Logistic regression showed that such cases were associated with the following factors:age,family history of TS,severity of TS,coexisting diseases,basic diseases and perinatal abnormity(Pa0.05).Out of 6 suspicious factors,there were coexisting diseases(OR=84.088,95%CI 10.850-651.682),severity of TS(OR=13.956,95% CI 2.412-80.762),and family history of TS(OR=27.127,95% CI 1.047-702.831)of risk factors.Conclusion The long-term prognosis of children with TS may be related with coexisting disease,severity of TS and family history respectively.