Establishment of a Method for Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation-vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Healthy Children / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To establish the methods of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(GVS-VEMPs)in healthy children and to obtain the normal value of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in these children in China.Methods Twenty(3～14 years)healthy children and 24 healthy adults(18～30 years)were enrolled for conventional examinations of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP.Using the galvanic stimulation in-tensity under 3 mA/1 ms for children and 5 mA/1 ms for adults.The characteristics of elicitation and parameter re-sults of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in children and adults,as well as the pain scores and the elicitation of differ-ent stimulus intensities in the two age groups were recorded.Results The elicitation of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP were both 100.0％in children and adult groups.The p1 latency,n1 latency and p1-n1 interval latency of GVS-cVEMP were 10.46±1.84 ms,16.98±2.12 ms and 6.52±1.42 ms respectively in children group,the n1 la-tency and p1-n1 interval latency were significantly shorter than the adult group(P＜0.05).The n1 latency,p1 la-tency and p1-n1 interval latency of GVS-oVEMP were 8.87±1.40 ms,12.25±1.80 ms and 3.39±1.07 ms re-spectively in children group with no significant difference between the two groups.The thresholds of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in children group were significantly lower than adult group(P＜0.01),but no differences were found in adult group regarding on the amplitude and interaural amplitude asymmetry ratio.In addition,with the in-crease of the intensity of galvanic stimulation,the correlation between pain scores and the elicitation rates of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP also increased.Conclusion Using appropriate stimulus intensity and recording methods,GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP could be successfully assessed and detected in healthy children over 3 years old and adolescents.The latency of GVS-cVEMP in children is slightly shorter than that in adults,therefore we recommend selecting the matched age group for assessment in the children group.

Preliminary observation of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in healthy young people / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To introduce the method of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (GVS-VEMP) as well as to observe and analyze the parameters and elicited rate of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in healthy young people in China.@*Methods@#Twenty six normal young subjects were recruited for conventional examinations of GVS-VEMP. The subjects were 21-37 years old, average age was (25.8±3.7) years old, including 13 males and 13 females. The galvanic stimulation intensity of 3 mA/1 ms was used to evoke cVEMP and oVEMP on the sternocleidomastoid and inferior extraocular muscles respectively, and the intensity of stimulus was decreased until the response disappeared, the threshold, latency, amplitude, interval phase and interaural amplitude ratio(IAR) were calculated. SPSS18.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#All subjects were elicited normal GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP under 3 mA/1 ms, the elicited rate was 100%. The threshold of GVS-cVEMP was (1.18±0.47) mA, p1 latency was (10.43±1.54) ms, n1 latency was (17.91±1.20) ms, the amplitude was (102.47±56.77) uV and IAR was (0.26±0.20). The threshold of GVS-oVEMP was (1.12±0.50) mA, n1 latency was (8.46±1.05) ms, p1 latency was (11.83±1.27) ms, the amplitude was (9.12±6.82) uV and IAR was (0.25±0.20). In terms of gender and lateral comparison, only the GVS-oVEMP amplitude was higher for male than for female, which had significant statistical difference (P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the other parameters between GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP.@*Conclusion@#GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP could be elicited in healthy youth population, and the parameters could provide reference for subsequent vestibular function evaluation.

Meridian differentiation of low back pain in() / 中国针灸

There are various contents about diagnosis and treatment of low back pain in(), which are closely related to meridians and collaterals, forming a complete theoretical system of meridian differentiation for low back pain. Its theory and application are interpreted in this paper from five main aspects, including 18 meridians and collaterals densely distributing in the tendons and bones of the waist, the pathogenesis of low back pain lying in the disorders of the meridianand blood, the nature of low back pain being reflected by the color and shape of meridians and collaterals, the disordered meridians of low back pain being first identified based on syndrome differentiation, the acupuncture prescription being selected according to meridian differentiation. The purpose of this paper is to guide clinical practice, explore the advantages and characteristics of meridian differentiation, and provide theoretical reference and evidence for promoting the standardization of TCM.

Application of gene chip technology for acupuncture research over the past 15 years / 中国针灸

To explore the application of gene chip technology in the acupuncture research so as to provide evidences for the mechanism of acupuncture for regulating bodies. The literature on the application of gene chip technology in the acupuncture field from 2001 to 2016 was collected in PubMed, Springer, CNKI and WANFANG databases, which was analyzed and summarized. There were some achievements of the technology for acupuncture research, focusing on the five aspects, including the study of the relationship between meridian-point and viscera, the influencing factors of acupuncture effect, the effect and mechanism of acupuncture analgesia, the mechanism of acupuncture anti-aging, the effect and mechanism of acupuncture for diseases of each system. Gene chip technology plays an important role in researching acupuncture mechanism. It is an important technology for genomics study of acupuncture. However, there are also some disadvantages such as high cost, deficient data mining, non-uniform observation objects, deficient professionals, etc. All those need further resolution so as to promote the application of this technology in the acupuncture researching field.

Establishment of a rat model of acute liver failure by a modified 90% bloodless hepatectomy and by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide injection / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects of different approaches to establishing rat models of acute liver failure (ALF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups for establishing ALF models using 3 different approaches, namely conventional hepatectomy for resecting 90% liver tissue as described by Higgins and Anderson, modified bloodless hepatectomy for resecting 90% liver tissue, and intraperitoneal injections of 700 mg/kg D-galactosamine (D-gal) and 5 µg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mortality of the rats due to postoperative bleeding and survival rate at 7 days after the surgery were recorded. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilimbin (Tbil), albumin (ALB), NH3, glucose (Glu) and prothrombin time (PT) were monitored, and histopathologies of the liver were examined at 24 and 72 h after the surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mortality rate due to postoperative bleeding was higher in conventional hepatectomy group than in the modified surgical group (15% vs 0). The survival rate at 7 days was 25%, 0%, 15% in conventional surgical group, modified surgical group and drug injection group, respectively. In the latter two groups, significant changes of ALT, Tbil, ALB, NH3, Glu, and PT were recorded at 24 and 72 h after the modeling (P<0.05), and these changes were the most obvious at 24 h in modified surgical group and at 72 h in the drug injection group; ALB in both groups declined to the lowest at 7 days and then increased gradually. Liver cell degeneration and necrosis were found in modified surgical group and drug injection group at 24 h and 72 h after the modeling.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both the modified 90% bloodless hepatectomy and injections of D-gal and LPS can be used to establish ideal rat models of ALF to suit different ALF-related researches.</p>