RESUMO
@#The problems caused by proximal contact loss (PCL) of dental implants have been a mainstream research topic in recent years, and scholars are unanimously committed to analyzing their causes and related factors, aiming to identify solutions to the problems related to PCL. The effects of the anterior component of force (ACF), the lifelong remolding of the adult craniofacial jaw and alveolar socket, and the osseointegration characteristics of dental implants are the main causes of PCL. On the one hand, the closing movement of the mandible causes the ACF of the tooth to move through the posterior molar cusp. Moreover, drifting between the upper and lower posterior teeth and mandibular anterior teeth can cause the anterior teeth of the upper and lower jaws to be displaced labially. On the other hand, reconstruction of the jaw, alveolar socket and tooth root, the forward horizontal force of the masticatory muscles, the dynamic component of the jaw and the forward force generated by the oblique plane of the tooth cusp can cause the natural tooth to experience near-middle drift. Additionally, natural teeth can shift horizontally and vertically and rotate to accommodate remodeling of the stomatognathic system and maintain oral function. Nevertheless, the lack of a natural periodontal membrane during implant osseointegration, the lack of a physiological basis for near-medium drift, the small average degree of vertical motion and the integrated silence of dental implants without the overall drift characteristics of natural teeth increases the probability of PCL. The high incidence of PCL is clearly associated with the duration of prosthesis delivery and the mesial position; but it is also affected by the magnitude of the bite force, occlusion, the adjacent teeth, restoration design, implant location, jaw, and patient age and sex. PCL has shown a significant correlation with food impaction, but not a one-to-one correspondence, and did not meet the necessary and sufficient conditions. PCL is also associated with peri-implant lesions as well as dental caries. PCL prevention included informed consent, regular examinations, selection of retention options, point of contact enhancement, occlusal splints, and the application of multipurpose digital crowns. Management of the PCL includes adjacent contact point additions, orthodontic traction, and occlusal adjustment. Existing methods can solve the problem of food impaction in the short term with comprehensive intervention to seek stable, long-term effects. Symmetric and balanced considerations will expand the treatment of issues caused by PCL.
RESUMO
@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the influencing factors of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus after combined immunological blockade, and to evaluate the effect of mother-to-child blockade, and to provide a basis for health policies and health interventions for preventing mother-to-child blockade of hepatitis B virus. Methods A total of 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants aged 7-12 months in Hainan Province from 2015 to 2020 were included in the study. The general situation, the situation of health care and delivery in this pregnancy and perinatal period, the detection of hepatitis B markers, the situation of antiviral therapy, the general situation of mother and infant during delivery and the implementation of blockade measures for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants delivered in hospitals in Hainan province from 2015 to 2020, the positive rate of HBsAg in children at 7-12 months after birth was 1.47 %, and the difference in HBsAg positive rate of infants born in different years was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of HBsAg among children born to pregnant women with different nationalities, educational levels, occupations, delivery modes, delivery places, obstetric operations and perineal laceration, abnormal perinatal period, children with different genders and premature delivery and perinatal (all P<0.05). There was significant difference in HBsAg positive rate among infants born to pregnant women of different ages, the positive rate of HBsAg of infants born to young pregnant women was higher than that of older pregnant women (P<0.05). The rate of antiviral therapy was low in HBeAg positive pregnant women, and the positive rate of HBsAg in their infants was 2.54%, which was higher than 0.83% in HBeAg negative pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusions Combined immunological blockade with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HBV. HBsAg-positive women can give birth at the right age, and HBeAg-positive pregnant women can be treated with antiviral therapy to block mother-to-child transmission, providing the important basis for the formulation of hepatitis B prevention and control strategies and measures.
RESUMO
@#With the arrival of the era of big data, increasing attention has been drawn to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field. AI has many advantages, such as objectivity, accuracy, minimal invasiveness, time savings and high efficiency. Therefore, the combination of AI with dental diagnosis and treatment can help dentists improve work efficiency and save medical resources, offering potential significant benefits for dental application. At present, AI has been gradually integrated into prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, endodontics and periodontics. The AI system can realize automatic tooth preparation, automatic tooth arrangement and implantology. Deep learning can be used to assist in diagnosing maxillary sinus inflammation, predicting the complications of tooth extraction and improving the accuracy of osteotomy. The AI system can also provide significant clues for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of oral and maxillofacial tumors. The breakthrough brought by AI in cephalometric and the assessment of facial attractiveness of patients has promoted the development of intelligent and personalized orthodontic treatment. Deep learning and analysis of medical images also promote the accuracy of root canal therapy as well as the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. AI technology has realized the leap from digitalization to automation and intelligence in oral diagnosis and treatment, and its application potential in the oral field should not be underestimated. Based on the concepts of AI, this paper will focus on the application of artificial intelligence in various oral clinical fields and briefly introduce its advantages, problems and future.