Prophylactic Vitamin C Attenuates Radiation-induced Lung Injury by Modulating Macrophage Polarization and Alveolar Epithelial Cell Apoptosis / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

With the ongoing epidemic of the Coronavirus disease in China and the widespread development of radiotherapy, radiation-induced lung injury has gradually become a clinical problem that has attracted much attention. The pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung injury is complex, involving an imbalance in the polarization state of alveolar macrophages and an upregulation of alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that vitamin C is an important antioxidant substance, and preventive use of vitamin C can effectively treat acute lung injury. However, whether prophylactic use of vitamin C can effectively prevent or treat lung injury caused by radioactive substances, and its specific molecular mechanism remains to be studied. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the prophylactic use of vitamin C to treat the alveolar macrophage cell line RAW 264. 7 and human lung epithelial cells BEAS-2B can effectively control the abnormal polarization of macrophages and the abnormal apoptosis of lung epithelial cells. This study found that after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of radioactive X-ray irradiation, the expression of macrophage M1 polarization state markers such as iNOS was significantly up-regulated (P< 0. 05), and preventive use of vitamin C to treat macrophages and lung epithelial cells can alleviate the polarization state disorder of macrophages and the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells caused by external radiation exposure, which is manifested in the down-regulation of the expression of Cleaved Caspase3. In addition, the preventive application of vitamin C treatment can inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway activated by external radiation exposure. Further experimental results showed that the inhibition of the MAPK pathway is the key to inhibiting the M1 polarization of macrophages and the apoptosis of lung epithelial cells. In summary, our findings suggest that vitamin C may play a protective role in acute radiation-induced lung injury by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization/ promoting macrophage M2 polarization and alleviating alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis. This study will help to better understand the process and mechanism of the preventive effect of vitamin C, a common vitamin, on radiation-induced lung injury.

Mechanism of ophiopogonin D in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on network pharmacology and experimental verification / 中国药理学通报

Aim To predict the potential mechanism of ophiopogonin D (OPD) against pulmonary fibrosis by network pharmacology, and further verify it by experiment in vivo. Methods This study found that ophiopogon was the most frequently used drug in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with deficiency of Qi and Yin through data mining. In order to explore its material basis, network pharmacology analysis was carried out. A model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by bleomycin, and different concentrations of ophiopogonin D were administered to verify the results of the pharmacological network. Results Firstly, through network pharmacology analysis, it was found that mitophagy might be the potential target for ophiopogon to exert anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect. Meanwhile, network topology analysis showed that OPD had the greatest relationship with mitophagy. Animal experiments showed that OPD could relieve pulmonary fibrosis and reduce collagen deposition in mice. At the same time, the detection of mitophagy related proteins showed that the compound could increase the expression of PINK1 and Parkin proteins, reduce the content of P62 protein in lung tissue, and reduce the intracellular ROS level. Conclusions OPD can improve mitochondrial function and play an anti-pulmonary fibrosis role by promoting PINKl/Parkin dependent mitophagy in lung tissue.

Long-term outcomes of lateral vocal fold autologous fat injection for unilateral vocal fold paralysis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the long-term outcomes of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis resulting in dysphonia treated with lateral vocal fold autologous fat injection. To analyze the factors that may affect the long-term efficacy of the procedure. Methods: From July 2003 to June 2020, 163 patients (86 males and 77 females), aged 9-73 years (mean (34.50±12.94) years) with unilateral vocal fold paralysis resulting in dysphonia underwent transoral laryngoscopic injection of autologous fat into the lateral vocal folds. Subjective auditory perception assessment (GRBAS scale), objective acoustic assessment, voice handicap index (VHI) evaluation and stroboscopic laryngoscopy were compared before and after the surgery. Patients were followed up for 1 to 18 years, with median follow-up time of 6 years. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 163 patients, 17 patients (10.4%) had mild hoarseness (G1) and 146 patients (89.6%) had moderate to severe hoarseness (G2-3). Stroboscopic laryngoscopy revealed an arch-shaped vocal fold on the affected side, fixed in the paramedian position or abduction position, with obvious glottic closure fissure. Postoperatively, voice recovered to normal (G0) in 139 patients (85.3%), mild hoarseness (G1) in 18 patients (11.0%) and moderate hoarseness (G2) in 6 patients (3.7%). Of these, 131 patients (80.4%) showed significant improvement in hoarseness, 29 patients (17.8%) showed mild improvement and 3 patients (1.8%) showed no significant improvement in hoarseness. Objective acoustic parameters of Jitter, Shimmer, NHR and MPT improved significantly, as did VHI scores. Stroboscopic laryngoscopy showed medialization of the affected vocal folds, improved vocal fold closure and normal or nearly normal vocal fold mucosal waves. With a fat injection volume of 3.0-4.5 ml, the patient's subjective auditory perception scores of G, R, B and A improved more significantly within 3 months after surgery, and both VHI and MPT were significantly better since 1 year after surgery. With bilateral vocal fold injection, the B and A scores improved significantly from 1 month postoperatively compared to unilateral injections(unilateral vs. bilateral injection 1 month post-operation, tB scores=1.42,tA scores=1.51,P<0.05). Conclusions: The long-term efficacy of autologous fat injection in the paraglottic space for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis was stable. The efficacy of the surgery was related to the amount of fat injected, unilateral or bilateral of the injection.

Research progress in pharmacotherapy of insomnia / 中国中药杂志

Insomnia is extremely common and is a risk factor for a variety of physical and psychological disorders in addition to contributing to the reduced quality of life of patients and the burden of healthcare costs. Although cognitive behavioral therapy is the first-line treatment for insomnia, its difficulty of access and high cost have hindered its application. Therefore, pharmacotherapy remains the common treatment choice for patients and clinicians. Existing chemical drugs including benzodiazepine receptor agonists, dual orexin receptor antagonists, melatonin and its receptor agonists, histamine antagonists, antidepressants, and antipsychotics are able to induce and/or maintain sleep and have good therapeutic effects on acute insomnia, but their efficacy on chronic insomnia is indefinite. Furthermore, they have several side effects and affect sleep structure and physiological function. Under the guiding principle of holistic view and treatment based on syndrome differentiation, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has shown a good effect in clinical practice, but with little high-grade clinical evidence. The mechanism, dose, half-life period, adjustment of sleep structure, and side effects of hypnotic drugs are key factors to be considered for clinical use. This paper analyzed and summarized the drugs for insomnia from the above aspects, and is expected to provide references for the application and development of sedative and hypnotic drugs.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 mRNA level in peripheral blood neutrophils is associated with asthma / El nivel de ARNm de la endonucleasa 1 apurínica/apirimidínica en los neutrófilos de sangre periférica se asocia con el asma

Abstract Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional key protein. Recent studies suggest APE1 is closely associated with inflammatory response, but its role in asthma remains unknown. We recruited 116 patients with asthma, including 50 with severe asthma (NSA) and 66 with non-severe asthma (SA), and 140 controls. Serum APE1 was detected using the ELISA method. APE1 mRNA in peripheral blood neutrophils and eosinophils were detected using real-time PCR assays. Compared to healthy controls, we observed significant elevations of serum APE1 mRNA levels in peripheral neutrophils (~1.75 folds increase, p<0.05) and eosinophils (~2.2 folds increase, p<0.05) in patients with asthma. The peripheral blood neutrophil APE1 mRNA can distinguish asthmatic patients from healthy controls with the area under the curve (AUC) 0.893 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.847-0.938 (p < 0.001). Also the APE1 mRNA can identify severe asthma from non-severe asthma (AUC 0.759, 95% CI, 0.674-0.846; p < 0.001). However, The serum APE1 and eosinophil mRNA levels did not correlate with asthma incidence and severity. Our finding confirms the association between APE1 and asthma and suggests that peripheral blood neutrophil APE1 mRNA may be used as a marker for this condition.

Resumen La endonucleasa apurínica/apirimidínica 1 (APE1) es una proteína clave multifuncional. Estudios recientes sugieren que APE1 está estrechamente asociada con la respuesta inflamatoria, pero hasta el momento se desconoce su papel en el asma. Reclutamos a 116 pacientes con asma, incluidos 50 con asma grave (NSA) y 66 con asma no grave (SA), y 140 controles. Se detectó APE1 en suero usando el método ELISA. El ARNm de APE1 en neutrófilos y eosinófilos de sangre periférica se detectó mediante ensayos de PCR en tiempo real. En comparación con los controles sanos, observamos una elevación significativa de los niveles séricos de ARNm de APE1 en pacientes con asma en neutrófilos periféricos (aumento de ~1,75 veces, p<0,05) y eosinófilos (aumento de ~2,2 veces, p<0,05). El ARNm de APE1 de neutrófilos de sangre periférica puede distinguir a los pacientes asmáticos de los controles sanos con un área bajo la curva (AUC) de 0,893 y un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95% de 0,847 a 0,938 (p<0,001). Además, el ARNm de APE1 puede identificar el asma grave del asma no grave (AUC 0,759, IC del 95%, 0,674-0,846; p < 0,001). Sin embargo, el nivel sérico de APE1 y ARNm de eosinófilos no mostró correlación con la incidencia y la gravedad del asma. Nuestro hallazgo confirma la asociación entre APE1 y asma y sugiere que el ARNm de APE1 de neutrófilos en sangre periférica puede usarse como marcador para el asma.

Recent research on tofacitinib in the treatment of pediatric rheumatic diseases / 中国当代儿科杂志

Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor and can block the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signal transduction pathway and reduce the production and release of a variety of cytokines. It has great potential in the treatment of various rheumatic diseases with a rapid onset of action and can reduce corticosteroid dependence and related adverse events. The therapeutic effect of tofacitinib in adult patients has been confirmed, and it has been increasingly used in pediatric patients in recent years. This article reviews the clinical application of tofacitinib in the treatment of pediatric autoimmune diseases.

Effect of Celastrus orbiculatus extract on proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effeet of the extract of Celastrus orbiculatus extract on the proliferation anrl ap- optosis of multiple myeloma eells (U-1996) and its molecular mechanism.Methods The U-1996 eells were divided into normal control ( NC ) group, the southern snake vine extraet group, si-NC group, si- LINC00472 group, pcDNA-NC group, pcDNA- LINC00472 group, southern snake vine extraet + si-NC group,and southern snake vine extraet + si-LINC00472 group.Heal-time quantitative PCR was used to deteet LINC00472 expression, CCK-8 and flow cytometry to deteet eell proliferation and apoptosis, Western blot to deteet the expression levels of phosphorvlated phos- phatidvlinositol-3 -hydroxykinase (p-PI3K) and phos- phorylated protein kinase B ( p-Akt).Results After treated with Celastrus orbieulatus extract, the viability of U-1996 eells and the expression of p-PI3K and p- Akt were significantly reduced, the apoptotie rate and the expression of LINC0047 were significantly raised ( P < 0.05 ).After inhibiting the expression of LINC00472, the viability of U-1996 eells and the ex¬pression of p-PBK and p-Akt significantly inereased, the apoptotie rate and the expression of LINC0047 sig¬nifieantly deereased ( P <0.05 ).After overexpression of LINC00472, the viability of U-1996 eells and the ex¬pression of p-PI3K and p-Akt were signifieantly re- dueed, the apoptotie rate and the expression of LINC0047 significantly inereased ( P <0.05 ).Inhibi¬ting the expression of LINC0047 can reverse the effects of Celastrus orbiculatus extract on proliferation , apopto- sis and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of U-1996 cells (P < 0.05 ).Conclusions Celastrus orbiculatus ex¬tract can inhibit the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells and induce apoptosis through up-regulating LINC00472 to inhibit PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Clinical characteristics of 151 COVID-19 cases in a designated hospital in a district of Shanghai， 2022 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of 151 local COVID-19 patients in Shanghai， 2022. MethodsThe clinical data of 151 COVID-19 patients admitted to a district-level designated hospital in Shanghai from April 13 to May 10， 2022 were reviewed， and their clinical manifestations， laboratory tests， lung imaging， treatment and outcomes were analyzed. ResultsThe 151 patients ranged from 3 to 97 years old， with a median age of 72 years. Most of them were clustered cases in the communities and families. The main clinical types were mild （95 cases， 62.9%） and general （47 cases， 31.1%）. Most of the 9 severe/critical patients （6.0%） were elderly and complicated with multiple comorbidities. The proportion of people who had not been vaccinated was as high as 66.9%， and the proportion of those among severe/critically ill patients who had not been vaccinated was even higher. The most common first symptoms were expectoration in 71 cases （47.0%）， fever in 51 cases （33.8%） and dry cough in 30 cases （19.9%）. The counts of white blood cells and neutrophils in mild or general group were mostly normal or decreased， and in the severe/critical group increased significantly （P<0.001）. Increase of troponin， D-dimer， creatinine， and myoglobin； and decrease of lymphocytes in severe/critical group were more common than the other clinical types （P<0.05）. The proportions of use of antibiotics， antiviral drugs， thymalfasin and heparin in severe/critical and general patients were significantly higher than those in mild patients （P<0.05）. Among the cured and discharged patients （138 cases， 91.4%）， the median number of days for COVID-19 viral nucleic acid to turn negative after treatment was 12 days. The negative conversion days of mild patients were significantly shorter than those of general patients and severe/critical patients （P<0.01）. Four （2.6%） death patients were all over 80 years old， unvaccinated， combined with multiple comorbidities， and eventually died of those serious comorbidities. ConclusionCOVID-19 patients at the district-level designated hospital are mainly clustered cases， and the proportion of patients who do not receive COVID-19 vaccine is high. Most of the hospitalized patients are mild， but advanced age， multiple underlying diseases， and lack of vaccination are high-risk factors for developing severe disease. Early assessment and comprehensive treatment are the key to improve prognosis.

Clinical application of expanded internal mammary artery perforator flap combined with vascular supercharge in reconstruction of faciocervical scar / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical experience of expanded internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap combined with vascular supercharge in reconstruction of faciocervical scar. Methods: The retrospective observational study was conducted. From September 2012 to May 2021, 23 patients with postburn or posttraumatic faciocervical scars who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, including 18 males and 5 females, aged from 11 to 58 years, all of whom were reconstructed with expanded IMAP flaps. At the first stage, one or two skin and soft tissue expander (s) with appropriate rated capacity were implanted in the anterior chest area according to the location and size of the scars. The IMAP, thoracic branch of supraclavicular artery, and lateral thoracic artery were preserved during the operation. The skin and soft tissue expanders were inflated with normal saline after the operation. The flaps were transferred during the second stage. The dominant IMAP was determined preoperatively using color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) blood flow detector. The faciocervical scars were removed, forming wounds with areas of 9 cm×7 cm-28 cm×12 cm, and the perforators of superficial temporal artery and vein or facial artery and vein were preserved during the operation. The flaps were designed according to the area and size of the wounds after scar resection with the dominant IMAP as the pedicle. Single-pedicle IMAP flaps were used to repair small and medium-sized wounds. For larger defects, the blood perfusion areas of vessels in the anterior chest were evaluated by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). In situations where the IMAP was insufficient to nourish the entire flap, double-pedicle flaps were designed by using the thoracic branch of supraclavicular artery or lateral thoracic artery for supercharging. Pedicled or free flap transfer was selected according to the distance between the donor areas and recipient areas. After transplantation of flaps, ICGA was conducted again to evaluate blood perfusion of the flaps. The donor sites of flaps were all closed by suturing directly. Statistics were recorded, including the number, rated capacity, normal saline injection volume, and expansion period of skin and soft tissue expanders, the location of the dominant IMAP, the total number of the flaps used, the number of flaps with different types of vascular pedicles, the flap area, the flap survival after the second stage surgery, the occurrence of common complications in the donor and recipient areas, and the condition of follow-up. Results: Totally 25 skin and soft tissue expanders were used in this group of patients, with rated capacity of 200-500 mL, normal saline injection volume of 855-2 055 mL, and expansion period of 4-16 months. The dominant IMAP was detected in the second intercostal space (20 sides) or the third intercostal space (5 sides) before surgery. A total of 25 expanded flaps were excised, including 2 pedicled IMAP flaps, 11 free IMAP flaps, 4 pedicled thoracic branch of supraclavicular artery+free IMAP flaps, and 8 free IMAP+lateral thoracic artery flaps, with flap areas of 10 cm×8 cm-30 cm×14 cm. After the second stage surgery, tip necrosis of flaps in three patients occurred, which healed after routine dressing changes; one patient developed arterial embolism and local torsion on the vascular pedicle at the anastomosis of IMAP and facial artery, and the blood supply recovered after thrombectomy and vascular re-anastomosis. Fourteen patients underwent flap thinning surgery in 1 month to 6 months after the second stage surgery. The follow-up for 4 months to 9 years showed that all patients had improved appearances of flaps and functions of face and neck and linear scar in the donor sites of flaps, and one female patient had obvious nipple displacement and bilateral breast asymmetry. Conclusions: The expanded IMAP flap is matched in color and texture with that of the face and neck, and its incision causes little damage to the chest donor sites. When combined with vascular supercharge, a double-pedicle flap can be designed flexibly to further enhance the blood supply and expand the flap incision area, which is a good choice for reconstruction of large faciocervical scar.

Research progress of smartphone addiction interventions in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Adolescents at the unique period during which individuals experience rapid growth in social, emotional, and cognitive aspects, are more prone to smartphone addiction than other groups. Smartphone addiction has been proved to seriously affect the physical and mental health of adolescents, and these impacts will become increasingly widespread with age. The effectiveness of current smartphone addiction interventions are mild among adolescents, which have proved to be related to adolescents unique cognitive and psychological characteristics. This paper reviews the latest research on adolescent smartphone addiction interventions, and classifies and elaborates from information enhancement strategies, ability enhancement strategies and behavioral intervention strategies, and puts forward the feasibility suggestions in this field, providing reference for localized intervention strategies, with the aim to developing systematic intervention design guidance and an effective multi subject collaborative intervention system.

Current status and challenges for taeniasis and cysticercosis control in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

In the WHO new road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021—2030, the disease-specific targets are classified into control, elimination as a public health problem, elimination and eradication, and taeniasis and cysticercosis are targeted for control. The overall prevalence of taeniasis and cysticercosis is low in China, and varies remarkably in regions and populations; however, there are many challenges for elimination of taeniasis and cysticercosis in China. Based on previous taeniasis and cysticercosis control programs, developing a sensitive taeniasis and cysticercosis surveillance-response system, updating criteria for diagnosis of taeniasis and cysticercosis, proposing a national guideline for treatment of taeniasis and cysticercosis, and strengthening interdisciplinary and intersectoral communications and collaborations are urgently needed under the One Health concept.

Long Non-coding RNA AC009686.2 Promotes Breast Cancer Cells Proliferation and Invasion / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) , as regulators of a class of gene expression, play a key role in the development of various types of tumor.We analyzed the TCGA database and found that the expression of LncRNA AC009686.2 in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues, and was positively correlated with the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients.qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of LncRNA AC009686.2 in breast cancer cells was significantly up-regulated, and the expression level of LncRNA AC009686.2 in MCF7, T47D, ZR7530, BT549, HCC1937, MDA- MB-231 and SKBR3 eells was 6.58, 5.66, 7.29, 9.06, 6.89, 11.17 and 5.38 folds of that in MCF10 A eells, respectively.LncRNA AC009686.2 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells which expressed relatively high LncRNA AC009686.2 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion, and induced cell G,/S phase arrest.The clone inhibition rates of MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells with LncRNA AC009686.2 knockdown were 0.496%, 0.438% and 0.495%, 0.353% of the control group, respectively.LncRNA AC009686.2 knockdown also down-regulated protein levels of cyclinD2 and ZEB1.However, overexpression of ZEB1 could significantly reverse the decrease of cell invasion ability caused by LncRNA AC009686.2 knockdown.We further analvsed in the software JASPAR database and found that LncRNA AC009686.2 promoter had ZEB1 binding site, and overexpression of ZEB1 could down-regulate the expression level of LncRNA AC009686.2 in breast cancer cells.In conclusion, LncRNA AC009686.2 which highly expressed in breast cancer, promotes cell proliferation and invasion by up-regulating cyclinD2 and ZEB1 expression, while ZEB1 positively regulates LncRNA AC009686.2 expression.This study will provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the role of LncRNA AC009686.2 in breast cancer and related molecular mechanisms.

Effects of microRNAs on invasion, migration and apoptosis of lung cancer cell lines / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effects of microRNAs(miRNAs) on invasion, migration and apoptosis of lung cancer cell lines. Methods Target cells were infected with hsa-mir-933, hsa-mir-4700-3p, hsa-mir-3144-3p, hsamir-3972, and hsa-mir-548a-5p. Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytomertry, Transwell invasion assay, cell migration were analyzed by lineation,miRNA was quantified using Real-time PCR. Results Compared with the vector and control, in hsa-mir-933, hsa-mir-4700-3p, hsa-mir-3144-3p, hsa-mir-397 and hsa-mir-548a-5p group the apoptosis significantly increased,cell invasion ability significantly decreased,cell migration ability significantly decreased, miRNAs expression significantly increased. Conclusion Five microRNAs can promote the apoptosis of lung cancer cell lines, change the high invasiveness of lung cancer cell lines, inhibit the migration of lung cancer cell lines, and increase the expression of corresponding miRNAs.

Prevalence of soil - borne nematode infections among residents living in urban/town areas of China in 2015 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections among residents living in urban/town areas of China, so as to provide insights into the control and elimination of soil-borne nematodiasis. Methods A total of 5 epidemic areas were classified in China according to the prevalence of human Clonorchis sinensis infections captured from the 2014–2015 national survey on major human parasitic diseases in China, and the total sample size was estimated according to the binomial distribution and Poisson’s distribution. Then, the total sample size was allocated proportionally to each province (autonomous region, municipality) of China based on the percentage of residents living in urban and town areas, and the number of survey sites in each province (autonomous region, municipality) was proportionally assigned according to the percentages of residents living in urban and town areas. Then, stratified sampling was performed at county, township and community levels according to the number of sampling sites in each province (autonomous region, municipality), and the survey site (community) was defined as the smallest sampling unit. All permanent residents in the survey sites were selected as the study subjects, and their stool samples were collected for identification and counting of parasite egg using a Kato-Katz technique. The prevalence and intensity of each parasite species were calculated. Results From 2014 to 2015, among the 133 231 residents detected in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China, the overall prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections was 1.23% (1 636/133 231), and the prevalence rates of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections were 0.77% (1 032/133 231), 0.32% (426/133 231) and 0.17% (224/133 231), respectively. The highest prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections was seen in Jiangxi (4.03%, 82/2 034) and Chongqing (4.03%, 524/13 012), followed by in Hainan (3.47%, 72/2 075). The prevalence of soilborne nematode infections was 1.07% (662/62 139) in men and 1.37% (974/71 092) in women, and the greatest prevalence was found in residents at ages of 65 to 70 years (2.56%, 219/8 569). With regard to occupations and education levels, herdsmen (2.47%, 2/81) and illiterate residents (3.33%, 226/6 795) were found to have the highest prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections, respectively. In addition, mild infections were predominantly identified in hookworm-, A. lumbricoides- and T. trichiura-infected individuals (all > 90%). Conclusions The overall prevalence of soil-borne nematodiasis remains low in urban and town areas of China; however, human infections are widespread. According to the epidemiological features, health education combined with deworming are recommended to reduce the prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections among residents living in urban and town areas of China.

Cancer Screening Program in Urban Kunming of Yunnan: Evaluation of Lung Cancer Risk Assessment and Screening / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Lung cancer is the most common neoplasmas with a poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate. Early screening is an important measure for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. At present, different countries have issued corresponding lung cancer screening guidelines, but China still lacks guidelines based on Chinese population research. Therefore, the National Cancer Center launched a Multi-center Cancer Screening Program in Urban China. This study analyzed the evaluation of lung cancer risk assessment model and screening effect in urban China of Yunnan, so as to explore the evaluation model of high-risk lung cancer population suitable for China's national conditions and develop lung cancer screening guidelines for Chinese.@*METHODS@#A questionnaire survey and lung cancer risk assessment were conducted on 165,337 people in 36 street offices in 4 main urban areas of Kunming, Yunnan Province, using cluster sampling method from January 2015 to December 2019. People with high-risk of lung cancer conducted low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening of chest. What's more, all participants were followed up by active or passive follow-up.@*RESULTS@#There were 264 patients were diagnosed lung cancer by pathology, and the overall incidence of lung cancer was 0.16% (264/165,337). The high-risk group (0.31%, 116/37,914) was higher than the non-high-risk group (0.12%, 148/127,423), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The incidence of lung cancer in the high-risk group was higher than the non-high-risk group among the male, female, and lower 50-year-old or more than 50-year-old subgroups, with statistical differences (P<0.001), but there was no statistical difference in the group without LDCT screening (P=0.73). The sensitivity of the lung cancer high-risk population assessment model was 43.94% (116/264) and the specificity was 77.10% (127,275/165,073). The early diagnosis rate of the screening group was 72.97% (54/74), which was significantly higher than that of the non-screening group [28.48% (43/151)].@*CONCLUSIONS@#The lung cancer high-risk population assessment model of National Key Public Health Program: Cancer Screening Program in Urban China can detect high-risk populations and improve the early diagnosis rate of lung cancer effectively.

Ubiquitinome Profiling Reveals the Landscape of Ubiquitination Regulation in Rice Young Panicles / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Ubiquitination, an essential post-transcriptional modification (PTM), plays a vital role in nearly every biological process, including development and growth. Despite its functions in plant reproductive development, its targets in rice panicles remain unclear. In this study, we used proteome-wide profiling of lysine ubiquitination in rice (O. sativa ssp. indica) young panicles. We created the largest ubiquitinome dataset in rice to date, identifying 1638 lysine ubiquitination sites on 916 unique proteins. We detected three conserved ubiquitination motifs, noting that acidic glutamic acid (E) and aspartic acid (D) were most frequently present around ubiquitinated lysine. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of these ubiquitinated proteins revealed that ubiquitination plays an important role in fundamental cellular processes in rice young panicles. Interestingly, enrichment analysis of protein domains indicated that ubiquitination was enriched on a variety of receptor-like kinases and cytoplasmic tyrosine and serine-threonine kinases. Furthermore, we analyzed the crosstalk between ubiquitination, acetylation, and succinylation, and constructed a potential protein interaction network within our rice ubiquitinome. Moreover, we identified ubiquitinated proteins related to pollen and grain development, indicating that ubiquitination may play a critical role in the physiological functions in young panicles. Taken together, we reported the most comprehensive lysine ubiquitinome in rice so far, and used it to reveal the functional role of lysine ubiquitination in rice young panicles.

National surveillance on Enterobius vermicularis infections among children at ages of 3 to 9 years in China from 2016 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the epidemic status of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children aged 3 to 9 years in China, so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of the prevention and control strategies for enterobiasis. Methods The national surveillance of enterobiasis was performed in 736 national surveillance sites (counties) from 30 provinces (municipalities/autonomous regions) in China from 2016 to 2018. All surveillance sites were classified into parts according to the geographical directions, including the eastern, western, southern, northern and middle parts, and a township was randomly selected from each part. Then, an administrative village was randomly selected from the township, and 200 permanent residents at ages of over 3 years living in the administrative village were randomly selected using the cluster sampling method. A total of 1 000 residents were examined in each surveillance site. E. vermicularis infections were detected among children at ages of 3 to 9 years using the modified Kato-Katz technique and the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method, and the prevalence of infections was calculated and compared. Results The prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 2.50%, 2.84% and 2.46% among children at ages of 3 to 9 years in the 736 surveillance sites from 30 provinces (municipalities/autonomous regions) in China from 2016 to 2018, and there was no gender-specific prevalence of E. vermicularis infections (P > 0.05). Enterobiasis was main prevalent in the southern and southwestern part of China (Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Fujian, Chongqing and Hainan), with 5.00% prevalence and greater, and the highest prevalence was seen in Jiangxi and Guangxi for successive 3 years. In addition, the prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was higher in children with the Han ethnicity than in those with the minority ethnicity, and a high prevalence was found in children at ages of 4 to 7 years, and a low prevalence seen in children at ages of 3, 8 and 9 years. Conclusions The prevalences of E. vermicularis infections have not changed much among children at ages of 3 to 9 years in China from 2016 to 2018, and high prevalence is seen in southern and southwestern China, which should be given a high priority.

Mechanism of Modified Taohe Chengqitang in Treating Diabetic Gastroparesis Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

<b>Objective::To study the mechanism of modified Taohe Chengqitang in preventing and treating diabetic gastroparesis by regulating relative genes and signaling pathways based on network pharmacology. <b>Method::Target genes of modified Taohe Chengqitang were obtained from Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of TCM (BATMAN-TCM) database, and target genes of diabetic gastroparesis were obtained from Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) database. The target genes of modified Taohe Chengqitang-diabetic gastroparesis intersection protein were obtained through the integration of two groups of genes. STRING was used to build the protein-protein interaction network and visualize the results. Cytospace software ClueGO, CluePedia plug-in were used for gene ontology (GO) analysis and enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway of modified Taohe Chengqitang-diabetic gastroparesis target genes intersection, and results were visualized. Finally, CTD database and literatures were used to obtain intersection genes in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. <b>Result::Among 621 target genes in modified Taohe Chengqitang, 25 were related to diabetic gastroparesis. By regulating expressions of MLNR, SST, PTGS1, HRH2, HTR3A, HTR4, HTR7, NOS3 and other intersection genes, Taohe Chengqitang could improve the gastrointestinal hormone levels, affected the combination of serotonin and its receptors, activated adenylate cyclase (AC), and induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA), so as to activiate AC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, regulate Ca²⁺ /K⁺ channel, control ion balance, promote the adaptability of gastric smooth muscle, and contract gastric smooth muscle to regulate gastric volume. At the same time, gastric acid secretion was improved to protect gastric mucosa, which may help improve vasoconstriction and hemodynamics. <b>Conclusion::Based on the network pharmacology, modified Taohe Chengqitang has multiple mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. This study explored relevant signaling pathways, advantages and research directions of modified Taohe Chengqitang in treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.

Establishment of an evaluation system for the field assessment of the Kato-Katz technique in detection of soil-transmitted nematodiasis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To establish an evaluation system for the field assessment of the Kato-Katz technique in detecting soiltransmitted nematodes, so as to provide insights into the field application of the Kato-Katz technique. Methods The initial evaluation indicators were determined through literature search, brainstorming and expert consultation. The evaluation indicatorswere improved and the weight of each indicator was decided through three rounds of expert consultation by using the Delphimethod. In addition, the expert authority coefficient and the coordination coefficient of each indicator were calculated at eachround of expert consultations. Results The recovery rates of the questionnaire were 100.00%, 100.00% and 89.29% at the firstto the third round of the expert consultations, respectively, and the expert authority coefficients were all more than 0.85 at eachround. The final evaluation system included 4 first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators. In the first-level indicators, “detecting effect” and “funds investment” had the mean weighted value of 4.53 and 4.49, which were relatively higher than that of“person-time investment“ and "operability“ (both 4.34). Among the second-level indicators under each first-level indicator, thefour most significant indicators included “ability of personnel in egg discrimination“, “cooperation of village cadres and doctors“,“Person-time on testing“ and “organizational start-up cost“, with the mean weighted values of 4.74, 4.43, 4.39 and 4.17, respectively. The coordination coefficients were 0.39 to 0.65, 0.28 to 0.58 and 0.45 to 0.65 at the first to the third round of the expertconsultations, respectively, and there were significant differences in the coordination coefficients at all three rounds of the consultations (all P < 0.05). Conclusions An evaluation system for the field assessment of the Kato-Katz technique in detecting soiltransmitted nematodes is successfully established, among which “ability of personnel in egg discrimination“ and “cooperation ofvillage cadres and doctors“ have the greatest mean weighted values of the significance.

Bortezomib-based induction chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and maintenance in 200 patients with multiple myeloma: long-term follow-up results from single center / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To study the efficacy, safety and long-term outcomes of integrated strategy of bortezomib-based induction regimens followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell (ASCT) and maintenance therapy in Chinese multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Methods: 200 MM patients receiving integrated strategy of bortezomib--based induction regimens followed by ASCT and maintenance therapy were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed from December 1. 2006 to April 30. 2018. Results: The complete remission rates (CR) and better than very good partial remission rates (VGPR) after induction therapy, transplantation and maintenance therapy were respectively 31% and 75.5%, 51.8% and 87.7%,73.6% and 93.4%. There was no difference between 4 cycles and more than 5 cycles induction chemotherapy. The negative rate of MRD detection by flow cytometry was 17.6% and 38.2% respectively after induction and 3 months after transplantation. The negative rate of MRD gradually increased during the maintenance therapy. The success rate of high dose CTX combined with G-CSF mobilization was 95.5% and transplantation related mortality (TRM) was zero. The median time to progress (TTP) was 75.3 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 99.5 months. TTP of patients obtaining CR and negative MRD after induction were longer that those of no CR and positive MRD. TTP and OS of patients receiving triple-drug induction and ASCT in early stage were longer than those of double-drug induction and ASCT in late stage. LDH≥240 U/L, high risk cytogenetics, ISS II+III stage and HBsAg positive were prognostic factors at diagnosis. However, only MRD and high risk cytogenetics were independent prognostic factors after transplantation and maintenance therapy. The clinical characteristics of patients of TTP ≥6 years were listed below: light-chain type M protein, ISS I stage, normal level of hemoglobin and platelet, normal LDH, HBsAg negative, chromosome 17p-negative, good response and sustained good response. Conclusions: Integrated strategy of bortezomib-based induction regimens followed by ASCT and maintenance therapy can significantly improve the short-term and long-term efficacy. The prognostic factors of TTP in different disease stages were different. Response to treatment, especially MRD, played a more important role in prognostic factors.