Eugenol attenuates the inflammation of Fusarium-induced keratitis through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of eugenol against Fusarium solani(F.solani)-induced fungal keratitis(FK)in mice and to preliminarily explore possible underlying mechanisms.METHODS: A modified epifluorescence microscopy method was used to prepare the FK mouse model. An equal amount of DMSO(0.05%)was applied to the conjunctiva of the right eye of rats in the dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group. The eugenol group was prepared by applying eugenol(160 μg/mL)to the conjunctival sac of the right eye of mice. The insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)group was coated with the PI3K/AKT pathway activator IGF-1(10 nmol/mL)in the conjunctival sac of the right eye in addition to the administration of eugenol. The corneal morphology was observed under a slit-lamp microscope on days 1, 3, and 5 of inoculation with F.solani suspension, respectively. Hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining was used to assess corneal histopathological damage. The bacterial load of corneal tissue was determined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot were used to analyze the levels of inflammatory mediators interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway proteins.RESULTS: Eugenol treatment improved the morphological symptoms of keratitis and inflammatory response in FK mice, and reduced corneal pathologic tissue damage and fungal load. At 3 d after F.solani infection, corneal tissue IL-6 levels were significantly higher and IL-1β levels were significantly lower in the eugenol group compared with the DMSO group(both P<0.05); corneal tissue IL-6 levels were significantly higher and IL-1β levels were significantly lower in the eugenol group than in the IGF-1 group(both P<0.05). At 5 d after infection, both IL-6 and IL-1β levels in corneal tissue of the eugenol group were significantly lower than those of the DMSO and IGF-1 groups(P<0.05); compared with the DMSO group, the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt in the corneal tissues of the eugenol group was significantly reduced(P<0.05); the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt in corneal tissues was significantly lower in the eugenol group than that of the IGF-1 group(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Eugenol may attenuate F.solani-induced corneal inflammation by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, and it has a protective effect against F.solani keratitis in mice.

Investigation on the Correlation Between Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Pathogenic Factors in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To study the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution and pathogenic factors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS).Methods One hundred patients of AS and their family members who had medical consultation in the Fifth Hospital of Xi'an(i.e.,Shaanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine)in August 2019 and September 2020 were selected as the study subjects.The guidelines of Classification and Determination of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution issued by the China Association of Chinese Medicine were adopted to determine the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution types of the study subjects.The sociodemographic information,living habits,clinical symptoms,and TCM constitution types of the AS patients and their family members were collected by means of questionnaires and clinical investigations,and then the pathogenic factors of the patients with AS were investigated.The binomial Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between TCM constitution types and pathogenic factors in patients with AS.Results(1)Among the 100 AS patients,the majority of them had the biased constitutions,and the biased constitutions with the occurrence frequency in descending order were yang deficiency constitution,qi deficiency constitution,and damp-heat constitution,which accounted for 33.00%,14.00%,and 18.00%,respectively.(2)The prevalence rates of AS in the first-,second-,and third-degree relatives of AS patients were 56.25%,40.00%and 25.00%,respectively.For the positive rates of human leukocyte antigen B27(HLA-B27)in AS patients and their family members,HLA-B27 in AS patients was all positive,while the positive rates of HLA-B27 in the first-,second-,and third-degree relatives of AS patients were 44.31%,30.67%and 15.63%,respectively.(3)The results of regression analysis showed that the disease duration of AS patients was significantly correlated with qi deficiency constitution,the grading of sacroiliac arthritis was correlated with qi stagnation constitution,and age was correlated with blood stasis constitution(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The results indicated that disease duration and age were the important factors affecting the constitution types of AS patients,and disease duration was closely related to qi deficiency while age was closely related to blood stasis.Conclusion AS is a highly hereditary autoimmune disease,and its onset is associated with HLA-B27.Yang deficiency is the basic constitution type of AS,and damp-heat constitution is the main constitution type in the progression of AS(especially in the active stage of the disease).The prolongation of the disease will exacerbate the illness condition of AS and then the manifestations of qi deficiency will be more obvious.

Arrhythmia classification method based on genetic algorithm optimization of C-LSTM model / 中国医学物理学杂志

A GC-LSTM model is proposed based on the characteristics of global optimization of genetic algorithm.The model automatically and iteratively searches the optimal hyper-parameter configuration of the C-LSTM model through the genetic algorithm of a specific genetic strategy,and it is configured using the genetic iteration results and validated on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database according to the classification criteria of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation.The testing shows that the classification accuracy,sensitivity,accuracy and F1 value of GC-LSTM model are 99.37%,95.62%,95.17%and 95.39%,respectively,higher than those of the manually established model,and it is also advantageous over the existing mainstream methods.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve better classification performance while avoiding a large number of experimental parameters.

Establishment of a method for rapid detection of the minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae based on ompK36 mutation / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To establish a rapid method to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem in Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) based on ompK36 gene′s GD mutation. Methods:This was a methodological evaluation study. A total of 258 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected from Lishui Municipal Central Hospital from March 2011 to December 2019. Porin gene ompK36 and carbapenemase genes blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP and blaOXA-48 were amplified by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. The MIC was detected and confirmed by microbroth dilution susceptibility test, and the corresponding patterns of genotype and MIC were constructed. Based on the patterns, a method for rapid detection of imipenem MIC by real-time fluorescence PCR (RT-PCR) was designed and established. The 159 isolates of non-repetitive Klebsiella pneumoniae collected by Lishui Disease Prevention and Control Center (CDC) from 2017 to 2019 were used for further verification. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated by fourfold table. Kappa test was used to compare the consistency between RT-PCR and microbroth dilution susceptibility test. Results:Among 258 isolates, 109 isolates did not carry carbapenemase gene, 65 isolates carried ompK36 gene GD mutation, 127 isolates carried blaKPC, 15 isolates carried blaNDM, 9 isolates carried blaIMP, and blaOXA-48 was not detected. With mircobroth dilution susceptibility test as the standard, there were 3 corresponding patterns between the drug resistance gene and the imipenem MIC of Kp: when all the 4 carbapenemase genes were negative, MIC≤1 mg/L, the sensitivity was 100% (107/107) and the specificity was 98.4% (125/127); when blaKPC was positive and ompK36 gene GD mutation was negative, 4 mg/L≤MIC≤16 mg/L, the sensitivity was 88.2% (60/68) and the specificity was 98.8% (164/166); when blaKPC and ompK36 gene GD mutation were both positive, MIC≥32 mg/L, the sensitivity was 96.6% (57/59) and the specificity was 96.6% (169/175). RT-PCR detected blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48 genes accurately.The RT-PCR results of ompK36 gene GD mutation in the KPC-producing isolates were 100% consistent with the sequencing results. In the 159 isolates from Lishui CDC, the sensitivity and specificity of imipenem MIC detected by RT-PCR were higher than 95% in all 3 patterns with mircobroth dilution susceptibility test as the standard, and Kappa value was 0.971. Conclusion:The RT-PCR based on ompK36 gene GD mutation was helpful to quickly determine the MIC range of imipenem in KPC-Kp.

Pachymic acid exerts antitumor activities by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B

@#Objective: To determine the inhibitory effects of pachymic acid on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. Methods: CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell, Western blot, tube formation, and immunofluorescence assays were carried out to measure the effects of various concentrations of pachymic acid on LUAD cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis as well as autophagy. Subsequently, molecular docking technology was used to detect the potential targeted binding association between pachymic acid and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Moreover, PTP1B was overexpressed in A549 cells to detect the specific mechanisms of pachymic acid. Results: Pachymic acid suppressed LUAD cell viability, metastasis as well as angiogenesis while inducing cell autophagy. It also targeted PTP1B and lowered PTP1B expression. However, PTP1B overexpression reversed the effects of pachymic acid on metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy as well as the expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin in LUAD cells. Conclusions: Pachymic acid inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis, and promotes autophagy in LUAD cells by modulating the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B.

Study on spleen strengthening effects and mechanisms of Atractylodes chinensis and Atractylodes coreana / 中国药理学通报

Aim To analyze the differences in plasma biomarkers and metabolic pathways between Atractylodes chinensis and Atractylodes coreana after intervention in spleen deficiency rats, and discuss the spleen strengthening mechanism of the two from a non targeted metabolomics perspective. Methods A spleen deficiency model was established in SD rats using a composite factor method of improper diet, excessive fatigue, and bitter cold diarrhea. To determine the content of gastrointestinal and immunological indicators, UHPLC-QE-MS technology was used, combined with principal component analysis (PC A) and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) methods to search for biomarkers in plasma of spleen deficiency rats, and metabolic pathways were induced using the Pathway database. Results After administration of Atractylodes chinensis and Atractylodes coreana, various indicators in plasma of spleen deficiency rats showed varying degrees of regression. Metabolomics analysis showed that Atractylodes chinensis and Atractylodes coreana respectively recalled 70 and 82 plasma differential metabolites. Atractylodes chinensis mainly regulated two metabolic pathways : "Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and "Thiamine metabolism". Atractylodes coreana mainly regulated five metabolic pathways, "Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism", "Thiamine metabolism, "Pyrimidine metabolism", "Butanoate metabolism", and "Riboflavin metabolism". Conclusions Both Atractylodes chinensis and Atractylodes coreana have certain regulatory effects on spleen deficiency rats, and their mechanism of action may be related to regulating metabolic pathways such as "Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and "Thiamine metabolism"in spleen deficiency.

National bloodstream infection bacterial resistance surveillance report (2022) : Gram-negative bacteria / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

Effect of miRNA-193b-5p-mediated decreased expression of transcriptional regulator CITED2 on melanogenesis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of miRNA (miR) -193b-5p on melanogenesis and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Human primary melanocytes were isolated from discarded normal foreskin tissues of healthy males after circumcision, and cultured in vitro. miR-NC mimics (miR-NC mimic group) and miR-193b-5p mimics (miR-193b-5p mimic group) were transfected into human primary melanocytes and human MNT1 melanoma cells, separately. After transfection, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the overexpression efficiency of miR-193b-5p at 48 hours, Western blot analysis to determine the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins tyrosinase (TYR) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in human primary melanocytes and human MNT1 melanoma cells at 72 hours, and the melanin content in the above cells was determined by a sodium hydroxide solubilization method at 1 week. The target gene of miR-193b-5p was predicted by using Targetscan algorithms and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, and RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were performed to analyze changes in mRNA and protein expression of the target gene respectively after the overexpression of miR-193b-5p. Two-independent-samples t test was used for comparisons between two groups. Results:In human primary melanocytes and human MNT1 melanoma cells, the miR-193b-5p expression levels were significantly higher in the miR-193b-5p mimic groups than in the miR-NC mimic groups ( t = 65.57, 22.49, respectively, both P < 0.001) , and the melanin content was significantly lower in the miR-193b-5p mimic groups (0.091 ± 0.007, 0.130 ± 0.004, respectively) than in the miR-NC mimic groups (0.117 ± 0.002, 0.188 ± 0.032, t = 5.98, 3.24, P < 0.01, < 0.05, respectively) . Western blot analysis showed that the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins TYR and MITF in both human primary melanocytes and human MNT1 melanoma cells was significantly lower in the miR-193b-5p mimic groups than in the miR-NC mimic groups (all P < 0.01) . TargetScan analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed a binding site for miR-193b-5p in the 3′ untranslated region of the transcriptional regulator CITED2. After up-regulation of miR-193b-5p expression in human primary melanocytes and human MNT1 melanoma cells, the CITED2 mRNA and protein expression levels significantly decreased compared with the miR-NC mimic groups (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:miR-193b-5p overexpression can down-regulate the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins TYR and MITF, and then inhibit melanogenesis, which may be related to the targeted inhibition of CITED2 expression.

Prevalence and treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients based on regional medical big data / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To assess the prevalence, risk factors and treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A descriptive method was used to analyze the prevalence and treatment of anemia in CKD patients based on regional health data in Yinzhou District of Ningbo during 2012-2018. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent influence factors of anemia in the CKD patients. Results: In 52 619 CKD patients, 15 639 suffered from by anemia (29.72%), in whom 5 461 were men (26.41%) and 10 178 were women (31.87%), and anemia prevalence was higher in women than in men, the difference was significant (P<0.001). The prevalence of anemia increased with stage of CKD (24.77% in stage 1 vs. 69.42% in stage 5, trend χ2 test P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that being women (aOR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.50-1.63), CKD stage (stage 2: aOR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.04-1.16;stage 3: aOR=2.28,95%CI: 2.12-2.44;stage 4: aOR=4.49,95%CI :3.79-5.32;stage 5: aOR=6.31,95%CI: 4.74-8.39), age (18-30 years old: aOR=2.40,95%CI: 2.24-2.57, 61-75 years old: aOR=1.35,95%CI:1.28-1.42, ≥76 years old: aOR=2.37,95%CI:2.20-2.55), BMI (<18.5 kg/m2:aOR=1.29,95%CI: 1.18-1.41;23.0-24.9 kg/m2:aOR=0.79,95%CI: 0.75-0.83;≥25.0 kg/m2:aOR=0.70,95%CI: 0.66-0.74), abdominal obesity (aOR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.86-0.96), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.09-1.22), cancer (aOR=3.03, 95%CI: 2.84-3.23), heart failure (aOR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.35-1.54) and myocardial infarction (aOR=1.54, 95%CI:1.16-2.04) were independent risk factors of anemia in CKD patients. Among stage 3-5 CKD patients with anemia, 12.03% received iron therapy, and 4.78% received treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) within 12 months after anemia was diagnosed. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in CKD patients was high in Yinzhou. However, the treatment rate of iron therapy and ESA were low. More attention should be paid to the anemia management and treatment in CKD patients.

Role of miRNA-4298/PADI4 axis in the apoptosis of leukemia cells induced by Nrf2 inhibitor 4f / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of miRNA-4298/PADI4/p53 signal axis in mediating 4f-induced apoptosis of leukemia cells.Methods:The cell growth density was observed under inverted microscope and the proliferation of leukemia cells was detected by CCK-8 counting assay. The expression of PADI4 and P53 at mRNA level was detected by qRT-PCR. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured with flow cytometry. The expression of PADI4, P53, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 at protein level was detected by Western blot. Differential miRNA and mRNA expression profiles was detected by next generation sequencing. Databases such as TargetScan were used to predict the potential upstream and downstream genes of PADI4. A luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the 3′UTR of PADI4 targeted by miRNA-4298. Cell transfection assay was used to detect the effect siRNA, PADI4 vector, miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitor in interference and rescue.Results:Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor 4f could inhibit the proliferation of THP-1, K562 and U937 cells, and induce the apoptosis of these leukemia cells. It downregulated the expression of PADI4 mainly through the binding activity of miRNA-4298 to miRNA sponges, which resulted in the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of leukemia cells. The inhibited proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia cells by 4f were associated with the increase of P53 expression after the decrease of PADI4 expression. The PADI4-dependent upregulation of P53 led to the ratio inversion of downstream Bcl-2/Bax, which activated caspase-3 or caspase-9 to induce the apoptosis of leukemia cells.Conclusions:The apoptosis of leukemia cells induced by Nrf2 inhibitor 4f was mainly associated with the miRNA-4298/PADI4/p53 axis, suggesting that it might be a novel signaling pathway for targeted therapy.

Spatial Distribution of Parvalbumin-Positive Fibers in the Mouse Brain and Their Alterations in Mouse Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Parkinson's Disease / 神经科学通报·英文版

Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons. Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied, the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated. Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system, we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain. We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions, among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals. In regions such as the striatum and optic tract, even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected. Furthermore, in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations. Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.

Blue Nevus Hidden within the Nevus of Ota / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

A 3-year-old boy presented with bluish patch and scattered blue spots on the left side of his face. After several sessions of laser treatment, the azury patch in the periorbital area became even darker. Histopathology showed many bipolar, pigment-laden dendritic cells scattered in the papillary and upper reticular dermis. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for S100, SOX-10, melan-A, P16, and HMB-45. The positive rate of Ki-67 was less than 5%. Finally, the lesion was diagnosed with nevus of Ota concurrent with common blue nevus. Therefore, for cases of the nevus of Ota with poor response to laser treatment, the possible coexisting diseases should be suspected.

BRICS report of 2021: The distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacterial isolates from blood stream infections in China / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacterial isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2021.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2021 to December 2021. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 11 013 bacterial strains were collected from 51 hospitals, of which 2 782 (25.3%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 8 231 (74.7%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (37.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.8%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.6%), Enterococcus faecium (3.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (2.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.5%) and Klebsiella spp (2.1%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus were 25.3% and 76.8%, respectively. No glycopeptide- and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci was detected; more than 95.0% of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ceftobiprole. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci strains were detected. The rates of extended spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolated in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were 49.6%, 25.5% and 39.0%, respectively. The prevalence rates of carbapenem-resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 2.2% and 15.8%, respectively; 7.9% of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. Ceftobiprole demonstrated excellent activity against non-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Aztreonam/avibactam was highly active against carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii was 60.0%, while polymyxin and tigecycline showed good activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (5.5% and 4.5%). The prevalence of carbapenem-resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 18.9%. Conclusions:The BRICS surveillance results in 2021 shows that the main pathogens of blood stream infection in China are gram-negative bacteria, in which Escherichia coli is the most common. The MRSA incidence shows a further decreasing trend in China and the overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci is low. The prevalence of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is still on a high level, but the trend is downwards.

Differentially expressed mRNAs and their upstream miR-491-5p in patients with coronary atherosclerosis as well as the function of miR-491-5p in vascular smooth muscle cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are biomarkers for coronary atherosclerosis (AS). A novel miRNA-mRNA regulation network of coronary AS still needs to be disclosed. The aim of this study was to analyze potential mRNAs in coronary AS patients and the role of their upstream miR-491-5p in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We first confirmed top ten mRNAs according to the analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE132651) and examined the expression levels of them in the plaques and serum from AS patients. Five mRNAs (UBE2G2, SLC16A3, POLR2C, PNO1, and AMDHD2) presented significantly abnormal expression in both plaques and serum from AS patients, compared with that in the control groups.Subsequently, they were predicted to be targeted by 11 miRNAs by bioinformatics analysis. Among all the potential upstream miRNAs, only miR-491-5p was abnormally expressed in the plaques and serum from AS patients. Notably, miR-491-5p overexpression inhibited viability and migration, and significantly increased the expression of contractile markers (α-SMA, calponin, SM22α, and smoothelin) in VSMCs. While silencing miR-491-5p promoted viability and migration, and significantly suppressed the expression of α-SMA, calponin, SM22α, and smoothelin. Overall, miR-491-5p targeted UBE2G2, SLC16A3, and PNO1 and regulated the dysfunctions in VSMCs.

A qualitative study on the experience and feeling of home care aides who take part in nighttime caring / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the experience and true feeling of home care aides during nighttime caring at the first beginning stage of this program, find the difficulty of it and provide constructive suggestions for improvement.Methods:Semi-structed interviews were used to collect the data of 16 home care aides who were taking part in nighttime caring. Colaizzi phenomenological analysis was used to process and analyze the data.Results:Three themes were extracted by classifying and analyzing the details of the interview: the service content of nighttime care was easy, but had many constraint conditions; the caregivers had diversified emotional experience during nighttime care; the elderly would like to enjoy nighttime care, but they were unwilling to pay by themselves.Conclusions:Nighttime caring project deepens the service content of home-based care. But the nighttime care project needs to be standardized. We should establish risk prevention measures to guarantee the benefit and security of both home caregivers and care-receivers, changing the opinions of consumption among the elderly, increasing the amount of subsidy to enlarge the expansion of nighttime care and improve the equality of this caring program.

Effects of LEF1 and CTNNB1 on cycle arrest, apoptosis and radiation resistance of esophageal carcinoma cells / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression level of lymphocyte enhancer-binding factor 1(LEF1) and CTNNB1 and the cycle arrest, apoptosis and radiation resistance of esophageal cancer cells and unravel the related mechanisms.Methods:Recombinantplasmids and empty plasmids expressing LEF1 and CTNNB1were constructed and transfected into esophageal cancer cells. RT-PCR assay was used to detect the transfection efficiency of the plasmids. Clone formation assay, CCK8 assay, cell cycle test by flow cytometry, apoptosis test by flow cytometry and Western blot were performed to detect the differences in theradioresistance, proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells before and after transfection.Results:The survival rate of clonal colony cells in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group was significantly better than those in other groups ( P<0.05). The proliferation of clonal colony cellsat 72 h, 96 h and 120 h in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group was significantly better than those in the pGEX+ pCMV6, pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6 and pCMV6-CTNNB1+ pGEX groups (all P<0.05). The percentage of G 2 phase arrest cells in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group was significantly higher than those in the other groups (all P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of esophageal cancer cells in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group was significantly lower compared with those in the pGEX+ pCMV6, pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6 and pCMV6-CTNNB1+ pGEX groups (all P<0.05). The expression levels of Bax and Caspase 3 proteins in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group were significantly lower than those in the pGEX+ pCMV6, pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6 and pCMV6-CTNNB1+ pGEX groups (all P<0.05). The expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group was significantly higher compared with those in the other groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion:LEF1 and CTNNB1 can regulate the proliferation and G 2 phase arrest of esophageal cancer cells after radiation intervention by mediating the Wnt signaling pathway, and improve the radiation resistance of esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting cell apoptosis.

A clinical outcomes assessment tool based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To confirm items included in a tool for assessing clinical outcomes based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Rehabilitation Set.Methods:The item pool was established based on the ICF Rehabilitation Set. Then 15 experts were invited to participate in three rounds of expert Delphi consensus-building to choose items with high importance in assessing clinical outcomes. The reliability of the tool was examined by analyzing the experts′ positive coefficients, authority coefficients and degree of agreement.Results:The assessment tool which emerged from the three rounds comprised 17 items, including 8 Body Functions items (b130 Energy and drive functions, b134 Sleep functions, b152 Emotional functions, b280 Sensation of pain, b455 Exercise tolerance functions, b620 Urination functions, b710 Mobility of joint functions and b730 Muscle power functions), d230 Carrying out daily routine from General Tasks and Demands, 3 Mobility items (d410 Changing basic body position, d450 Walking and d465 Moving around using equipment), 4 Self-care items (d510 Washing oneself, d530 Toileting, d540 Dressing and d550 Eating) and 1 item of Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships (d710 Basic interpersonal interactions). All had 100% positive coefficients after the three rounds, with an authority coefficient of 0.81 and coefficients of variation between 0.054 and 0.412.Conclusion:The assessment tool constructed in this study provides a new direction for quality control in clinical practice and medical insurance assessments.

Esketamine reduces inflammatory damage in HT22 cells and ferroptosis mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of esketamine(ESK)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced damage to HT22 cells(mouse hippocampal neuron cells)and the underlying mechanism. Methods After ESK pretreatment for 2 h and then LPS treatment for 24 h, Western blot was used to detect high mobility group box-1(HMGB1), long chain acyl CoA synthetase 4(ACSL4), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2), transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), ferroportin(FPN)and ferritin expression. ELISA was used to detect the expression of inflammatory protein interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). DHE fluorescent was probed to detect the changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS). MDA kit was used to detect intracellular lipid oxidation levels. FerroOrange fluorescent was probed to detect intracellular divalent iron ion levels. Electron microscopy was used to observe the changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure. Results Compared with the normal group, the levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation and Fe

Opportunities and challenges of long-term care in China--from time bank to diversified caring bank / 中国实用护理杂志

Long-term care is a long-term guarantee mechanism to meet the care needs of the old adults and ensure the quality of life. Among them, the professionalism and stability of the care team is a key factor to ensure the development of long-term care work. This paper analyzes the possible reasons for slow development of time bank with volunteers as the main body in the process of localization, and constructs a new model of diversified caring bank from the construction of care team, so as to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of long-term care in China.

Qualitative research on the elements of the diversified caring bank framework system based on long-term care insurance system / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the elements of the diversified caring bank based on long-term care insurance system to provide a basis for the construction of diversified caring bank framework system.Methods:The phenomenological research method was adopted to conduct semi-structured interviews with 15 nursing management personnel in pension institutions in Suzhou and Suzhou long-term care insurance policy implementation management personnel in March to May 2021. NVivo 11 was used to manage interview data, and applied Colaizzi 7-step analysis to conduct inductive analysis and extract the themes.Results:The elements of the diversified caring bank based on long-term care insurance system were divided into three main modules: diversified caring personnel, diversified caring content and diversified incentive measures. The diversified caring personnel module included full-time and part-time caring personnel. Diversified caring content included six elements: daily life assistance, professional life caring, professional medical caring, communication and emotional support, emergency caring and special disease caring. Diversified incentive measures module included two elements: labor currency and "benefit" care currency.Conclusions:The diversified caring personnel provides continuous power for disabled caring; diversified caring content provides ways to meet the various needs of the disabled elderly; diverse incentives are effective ways to attract and stabilize the caring workforce.