Correlation of Hemoglobin with Lung Function Tests

Purpose of this study was to know any existing correlation between haemoglobin and lung function tests for respiratory status evaluation in young healthy individuals. Cross sectional study. Physiology Laboratory of Yusra Medical and Dental College, Islamabad from January 2012 to January 2013. One hundred and sixty students of Yusra Medical and dental college were included in the study. Blood samples of the subjects were collected for haemoglobin [Hb] estimation by Sahli method and measurement of the lung function tests was done by Spirometry using volume Spirometer. Lung function tests included tidal volume [TV], Inspiratory reserve volume [IRV], expiratory reserve volume [ERV] and vital capacity [VC].Data was analysed using SPSS 15and correlation was calculated using Pearson's correlation co-efficient between haemoglobin and the lung functions tests. The p value indicates significant positive relation exist between haemoglobin and Inspiratory reserve volume [r = 0.39, p < 0.0001], expiratory reserve volume [r = 0.43, p < 0.0001] however, no significant relation exists between vital capacity and haemoglobin [p=0.242]. There is positive correlation between haemoglobin and Lung Function Tests

Effects of amlodipine besylate on spermatogenesis in sprague dawley rats

To determine the effects of chronic treatment with amlodipine besylate on spermatogenesis in Sprague Dawley rats. Quasi experimental study. The study carried out in the department of Physiology, Army Medical College Rawalpindi in collaboration with the department of Pathology, Army Medical College and National Institute of Health, Islamabad during April 2007 and March 2008. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups; each comprising of 15 rats. Group A was given vehicle whereas group B was given amlodipine besylate [norvasc] by oral and gavage for 50 days along with standard rat diet. Testes were removed 24 h after the last experimental day and sectioned. The sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and examined microscopically. Results were analyzed on SPSS version 13. There were significant differences in mean tubular diameter and height of germinal epithelium of testes between amlodipine and vehicle treated rats. Long term treatment with amlodipine besylate [norvasc] results in suppression of spermatogenesis in male rats

Effects of ascorbic acid and selenium supplementation on basal testosterone cortisol ratio in male sprague dawley rats

To determine the effects of ascorbic acid and selenium supplementation on basal testosterone cortisol ratio in male Sprague Dawley rats. Quasi experimental study. The study was carried out in the department of Physiology, Army Medical College Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Institute of Health, Islamabad during October 2006 to September 2007. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups with ten rats in each group and above mentioned antioxidants supplementation were given along with standard diet for one month. After this, blood samples were taken and analyzed for serum testosterone and cortisol by ELISA and malondialdehyde levels colorimetrically. Results were analyzed on SPSS version 13 and p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. There was no significant rise in testosterone cortisol ratio in rats supplemented with single antioxidant, however rats supplemented with combination of ascorbic acid and selenium revealed significant rise in testosterone cortisol ratio with a fall in malondialdehyde levels. Synergistic effects of ascorbic acid and selenium may have resulted in a decline in reactive oxygen species induced lipid peroxidation and rise of testosterone cortisol ratio

accuracy of references in manuscripts selected for publication in Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal [PAFMJ]

To assess the accuracy of references cited in manuscripts accepted for publication in an issue of a scientific journal and to categorize these errors. An observational study. The study was conducted in the library of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi during September 2007. A total of 288 references listed in the references section of twenty manuscripts were examined. Journal references were compared with either the original articles or [s] obtained through MEDLINE and Pakmedinet. Book references were checked against the original book or bibliographical information obtained through Publisher`s catalogues and online catalogues of libraries. The total number of errors in the references were counted and categorized. Seventy [24.3%] of the 288 assessed references had no errors, while a single error occurred in 51[17.7%] and more than six errors were found in 22[7.64%] references. The author element was the most frequent error category, where 103[43.64%] references from journal and 26[63.41%] references from books contained the errors The primary responsibility of ensuring accuracy of references lies with the authors. However the continuous process of removing errors by reviewers and editorial team can reduce the error rate in the references

Dose response relationships of different reagents for platelet aggregation

Hemostasis in human body depends on a complicated series of events which actively involve blood platelets. Platelets exhibit diverse responses in a variety of agonists. In vivo, most of the agonists act in synergism, causing aggregation of platelets. The synergism between ADP - Epinephrine and Epinephrine - Collagen has been determined in this study by means of turbidometric method, which measures changes in optical density of platelet suspension. The study was carried out at the department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. The subthreshold concentrations of each of the agonists were established with the help of dose response curve. By adding these agonists in subthreshold concentrations, the synergism between ADP - Epinephrine and Epinephrine - Collagen was determined. The subthreshold levels of these agonists when combined showed the synergistic responses m causing platelet aggregation. The study brings to light that the optimal platelet aggregation does occur between the above mentioned pairs of agonists even when each of the agonist is added to the other in subthreshold doses

Synergistic interaction of adenosine diphosphate-epinephrine and epinephrine - collagen in aggregation of human platelets

Efficient hemostasis in human body depends on a complicated series of events which actively involve blood platelets. Platelets exhibit diverse responses in a variety of agonists. In vivo, most of the agonists act in synergism, causing aggregation of platelets. In this study, the synergism between ADP ' Epinephrine and Epinephrine ' Collagen has been determined by means of turbidometric method, which measures changes in optical density of platelet suspension. The study was carried out at the department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. The subthreshold concentrations of each of the agonists were established with the help of dose response curve. By adding these agonists in subthreshold concentrations, the synergism between ADP ' Epinephrine and Epinephrine ' Collagen was determined. The combinations of these agonists in subthreshold levels showed the synergistic responses in causing platelet aggregation. These findings indicate that the optimal platelet aggregation does occur between the above mentioned pairs of agonists even when each of the agonist is added to the other in subthreshold doses

Plasma insulin and platelet functions in diabetes mellitus

The role of platelets has been postulated in the genesis of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship of platelets with plasma insulin and plasma lipids level. The study was conducted on 42 male, non-smoker patients of type 11 diabetes mellitus and 18 age and sex matched healthy controls, randomly selected from Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Platelet functions [in vitro aggregation] were evaluated by recording the intensity of aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate[ADP], epinephrine and collagen. Plasma insulin and cholesterol levels were significantly raised in the diabetic group [P<0.01]. The intensity of aggregation with ADP, epinephrine and collagen was significantly raised as compared to healthy controls, indicating increased aggregation of platelets in the patients with type 11 diabetes mellitus, when compared with healthy individuals