Frequency of urinary symptoms in post menopausal women with uerovaginal prolapse

To determine the frequency of urinary symptoms in postmenopausal women with Uterovaginal Prolapse. Descriptive study. This study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit II, Dow University of Health Sciences and Civil Hospital Karachi Pakistan from July 2006 to June 2007/ 60 [sixty] Consecutive pts were included in the study through structural Proforma from the outpatient, ward or emergency. Informed consent was obtained. A detailed history and related examinations and investigations were done. These include Urine DR, Urine C/S and Urodynamics like cystometry in selected patients. Majority of Women found have symptoms were at the age of 60 yr [36.66%] While urinary symptoms less seen at the age of 80 yr [6.66%] while Parity 6-10 was higher in Postmenopausal women to have urinary symptoms [63.33%]. The urinary symptoms found in Postmenopausal women were frequent urine passing [33.33%], Nocturia [83.33%], Retention of urine [20.0%], Dysuria [26.66%], Voiding difficulty [53.35%], Urge incontinence [20.0%] and Stress incontinence [53.33%]. Pelvic organ Prolapse and urinary symptoms like incontinence are prevalent in older women and are associated with age. Large studies are required to assess the relationship of urinary symptoms with Uterovaginal Prolapse. Because these urinary symptoms effect over quality of life of women so it is recommended to reduce genital prolapsed and associated urinary symptoms by implementing some measures such as health education of women and weight control

Proportion of urinary symptoms in pre and post-menopausal women with uterovaginal prolapse

To compare the proportion of urinary symptoms in pre and postmenopausal women with Uterovaginal prolapse. Comparative Study. The study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit II, Dow University of Health Sciences and Civil Hospital Karachi from July 2005 to January 2006. Sixty consecutive patients [30 premenopausal and 30 postmenopausal] were included in the study through structured Proforma from the out patient ward or emergency. Informed consent was obtained. A detailed history and related examinations and investigations were done. These include urine DR, Urine C/S and Urodynamic like Cystometry in selected patients. In this study the difference of urinary symptoms in pre and postmenopausal women of Uterovaginal prolapse were statistically found insignificant like frequency of urine [26.7% versus 33.3%], Urgency [20% vs 26.7%], Nocturia [26.7% vs 13.3%], Dysuria [40% vs 26.7%], Voiding problems [40% vs 46.7%] Urge incontinence [40%vs 20%]. Stress incontinence was slightly higher in postmenopausal group than premenopausal [53.3%vs 46.7%] but this difference was found insignificant, while parity status between these two groups had significant difference like parity 2-5 was higher in pre-menopause group than postmenopause [66.7% vs 36.7%] and parity 6-10 was higher in postmenopause group than pre-menopause [63.3% vs 26.7%]. Significant difference in parity was found between pre and post-menopausal women with Uterovaginal prolapse but the difference of urinary symptoms in pre and postmenopausal group was found significant. Uterovaginal prolapse associated with different urinary symptoms especially incontinence and voiding problems. These urinary symptoms effect over quality of life of women. This warrants greater attention for Gynecological health needs in our country by safe family planning practices

To study biochemical effects of optimized product Ramipril 1.25 mg tablet with essential hypertension

Hypertension is one of the strongest modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular and kidney disease and has been identified as the leading risk factor for mortality. The reduction of blood pressure lower than 130/85 mmHg provides additional benefits regarding both protection of organs and cardiovascular mortality. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to block the activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the plasma as well as in the vascular wall. The objective of this double-blind, comparative study evaluating the biochemical effects of optimized Ramipril 1.25 mg tablet as monotherapy in adult patient with essential hypertension. Double-blind, comparative study. This study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi from January 2011 to August 2011. This was multicenter randomized, double-blind, comparative study. Patients were randomized to receive Ramipril [1.25 mg] once daily for 8 weeks and at the end of study biochemical evaluation was done. In the patients treated with optimized Ramipril 1.25 mg tablets showed antihypertensive property. No significant variations of blood glucose and different parameters of lipid profile were observed during the eight weeks of treatment. We can suggest that the high antihypertensive efficacy, good tolerability and no biochemical effects of the optimized Ramipril 1.25 mg [F-4] it is an excellent option for the treatment of hypertension in a wide range of hypertensive patients, with a high potential to reduce cardiovascular risks

Biochemical evaluation of Amlodipne/Ramipril in combination with essential hypertension

The reduction of blood pressure lower than 130/85 mmHg provides additional benefits regarding both protection of organs and cardiovascular mortality. Amlodipine is a calcium channel-blocking agent with vasodilator activity and Ramipril is ACE inhibitor. The objective of this double-blind, comparative study evaluating the biochemical effects of Amlodipine 5 mg and Ramipril 1.25 mg in combination and as monotherapy in adult patient with essential hypertension, double-blind, comparative study. This study was conducted at the department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi from December 2010 to September 2011. This was multicenter randomized, double-blind, comparative study. Patients were randomized to receive Amlodopine [5 mg] once daily, Ramipril [1.25 mg] once daily and combination of amlodipine 5 mg with Ramipril 1.25 mg once daily for 8 weeks and at the end of study biochemical evaluation was done. In the patients treated with combination of Amlodipine 5 mg and Ramipril 1.25 mg tablets showed synergetic effect and no significant biochemical effects. We can suggest that good tolerability and no biochemical and hematological effects of combination of Amlodipine 5 mg and Ramipril 1.25 mg to formulate in a single dosage forms [tablet] because it is an excellent option for the treatment of hypertension in a wide range of hypertensive patients, with a high potential to reduce cardiovascular risks

Management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with massaging and probing without general anesthesia

Management of congenital nasolarcimal duct obstruction with massaging and probing without general anesthesia. Retrospective as well as prospective study. This study was carried out in the out patients department of DHQ teaching hospital charsadda for the period of nine months between 2010 and 2011. Total number of children/infants was fifty. All suspected patients were carefully examined and divided into two groups. Statistically analysis was done by student's "t" table. When results were summed up and test parameters were separated it was seen that the success rate with sample massaging and use of topical antibiotic was 90% at the end of nine months. Five infants improved with single probing. Infantile epiphora due to nasolacrimal duct obstruction generally cured with auto canalization/ massaging with topical antibiotics at the age of 5 months. The 2[nd] thing in this study that we can use topical anesthetic agent instead of exposing the infant to the hazard and the complication of general anesthesia

role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of unsuspected pulmonary disease presenting with hemoptysis

To find out the usefulness of Bronchoscopy Tehcnique in the diagnosis of unsuspected pulmonary disease presenting with Hamoptysis. Case serious study. This study was carried out at the pulmonology Unit of Postgraduate Medical institute Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from 15-04-2011 to 15-04-2012. Two hundred and fifty male smoker patients with age limit of 40-70 years presenting with hemoptysis having clinical suspension of unsuspected pulmonary disease and fulfilling the inclusion criteria underwent bronchoscopy. The bronchoscopic finding and demographic information were determined regarding their frequencies and percentage. Frequency distribution of pulmonary Tuberculosis 94.59% in age range 40-50 years and 5.4% in 51-60 years. bronchietasis 88.3% 50-60 years and 11.6% in 61-70 years. Chronic Bronchitis with respect to age range of 27.58% in the age range 40-50 years 72.43% in age 51-60 years. Branchoscopy Techniques is a very useful for the determination of unsuspected cases of pulmonary diseases

Significance of hypercholesterolemia in hypthyroid patients

Lipid and lipoprotein is influenced by thyroid hormone. Global distribution thyroid disease is very common in Indo- Pak. Hypercholesterolemia is common finding in hypothyroid patients. This study was conducted to know the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its relationship with dyslipidemia. Cross Sectional Study. The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology Jinnah Medical College Warsak Road Peshawar for the period from December 2012 to May 2013. 300 patients suspicious of thyroid element were included in study group. 100 healthy control subjects with no history of any thyroid and other chronic illness were included in control group, serum FT4, TSH and total cholesterol was estimated by Elisa and colorimetric method respectively and Results were analyzed by applying "student T test" and Chi-square". Out of 300 sera tested 78 [260] had thyroid dysfunction Hypothyroid patients serum showed significantly raised cholesterol level, however no significant association between total cholesterol and raised thyroxin level observed. Hypercholesterolemia was noted significantly in hypothyroid patients indicating need for monitoring the cholesterol level in thyroid dysfunction to avoid the risk of development of cardiovascular disease

Frequency of bronchogenic carcinoma in smoker patients with hemoptysis undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy

To know the frequency of bronchogenic carcinoma in smoker patients presenting with hemoptysis using fiberoptic bronchoscopy technique. Description case series study. This study was carried out at the pulmonology unit of Postgraduate Medical Institute Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, KPK from 18/09/2007 to 18/09/2008. Two hundred and fifty smoker patients presenting with hemoptysis, having clinical suspicion of bronchogenic carcinoma and fulfilling the inclusions criteria underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The bronchoscopic findings and other demographic information were determined regarding their frequencies and percentage. Fifty Nine point Two Percent [59.2%] patients were found to have pulmonary tuberculosis, seventeen Point Two Percent [17.2%] were diagnosed to have bronchiectasis, 11.6% chronic bronchitis, 5.2% with bronchogenic carcinoma and 6.8% remained with undertermined cause. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a major cause of hemoptysis in relatively younger smokers but the bronchogenic carcinoma is a major cause of hemoptysis in smokers of old age group

Serum magnesium and hypertension

Despite advances in the prevention and treatment of hypertension over the past decade, hypertension remains an important public health challenge. Recent efforts to reduce the prevalence of hypertension have been focused on non-pharmacologic means, specifically diet. An increased intake of magnesium has been shown in some but not all studies to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Decreased Serum magnesium levels are associated with development of hypertension. This study was planned to investigate relation of serum magnesium with blood pressure in patients with mild uncomplicated hypertension. Study was conducted at LUMHS hospital Jamshoro and DHQ hospital charsadda for the period of six months. Fifty known cases of uncomplicated mild hypertensive patients were selected, same number of healthy controls were also examined. When results were summed up and test parameters were compared, it was seen that no significant differences were found in serum magnesium levels among both groups, when compared statistically. Finally we conclude that no relation of magnesium with hypertension was observed. Much more work on wide scale population may be needed to clarify the idea

Serum and urinary calcium in stone formers and non-stone formers

Geographical variation in the rates of kidney stones has been observed for many years. Pakistan is situated in stone belt. Calculus diseases is endemic in Pakistan, perhaps the incidence in Pakistan is highest in the world. To evaluate etiology and biochemical risk factors [inorganic phosphate] in the Peshawar. Study was conducted at LHR and Hayatabad Hospitals of Peshawar for the period of nine months. Two hundred patients and same number of controls were selected. The mean value of mean inorganic phosphate in non stone formers were less than that of stone formers. The mean of urinary inorganic phosphate excretion in stone formers was greater than that of non-stone formers. We conclude that inorganic phosphate is an independent risk factor for renal stone formation

Serum magnesium and hypertension

Despite advances in the prevention and treatment of hypertension over the past decade, hypertension remains an important public health challenge. Recent efforts to reduce the prevalence of hypertension have been focused on non-pharmacologic means, specifically diet. An increased in take of magnesium has been shown in some but not all studies to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Decreased Serum magnesium levels are associated with development of hypertension. This study was planned to investigate relation of serum magnesium with blood pressure in patients with mild uncomplicated hypertension. Study was conducted at LUMHS hospital Jamshoro and DHQ hospital charssadda for the period of six months. Fifty known cases of uncomplicated mild hypertensive patients were selected, same number of healthy controls were also examined. When results were summed up and test parameters were compared, it was seen that no significant differences were found in serum magnesium levels among both groups, when compared statistically. Finally we conclude that no relation of magnesium with hypertension was observed. Much more work on wide scale population may be needed to clarify the idea

Serum and urinary inorganic phosphate in stone formers and non stone formers at Peshawar

Geographical variation in the rates of kidney stones has been observed for many years. Pakistan is situated in stone belt. Calculus diseases is endemic in Pakistan, perhaps the incidence in Pakistan is highest in the world. To evaluate etiology and biochemical risk factors [inorganic Phosphate] in the Peshawar. The study was carried out at Leady Reading Hospital, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for the period of nine months. Study was conducted at LRH and Hayatabad Hospitals of Peshawar for the period of nine months. Two hundred patients and same number of controls were selected. The mean value of mean inorganic phosphate in non stone formers were less than that of stone formers. The mean of urinary inorganic phosphate excretion in stone formers was greater than that of non-stone formers. We conclude that inorganic phosphate is an independent risk factor for renal stone formation

Mechanism of incorporation of newly synthesized myosin alkali light chain into myofibril

The present work was designed to study the incorporation of newly synthesized myosin alkali light chain [MLC] molecules into myofibris. cDNA of fast skeletal muscle type of MLC tagged with green fluorescence protein [LC3f-GFP] was transfected into cultured chicken cardiomyocytes, and the assembly of expressed LC3f-GFP was observed in living cells under a fluorescence microscope equipped with a cooled CCD camera. At 14-16 hours after transfection, LC3f-GFP was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. In some cells, however, intense fluorescence spots of LC3f-GFP were found along myofibrils with a periodically of 1.2 micro m. Confocal microscopy of such cells, stained with rhodamine-labeled phalloidin, revealed the fluorescence spots of LC3f-GFP localized at both ends of A-bond. When these cells were further incubated, LC3f-GFP came to be localized at all levels of the A-bands by 26 hours after transfection. These results indicate that myosin filaments are not replaced with newly synthesized myosin molecules at once along their length, but molecules in filaments are replaced individually from their ends

Platelet screening tests in patients with hepatic cirrhosis

This is the largest report to investigate the importance of platelet screening tests in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. One hundred eighty seven patients were examined in this study. On an appropriate clinical historic back ground, biochemical results and biopsy - proven cirrhotic patients were investigated. An abnormal bleeding time was found in 78 patients. There were significant differences between the group of patients with an abnormal bleeding time and the group with a normal bleeding time with respect to platelet count, prothrombin time and serum bilirubin concentrations [all p < 0.05]. We recommend to measure the bleeding time in patients with raised bilirubin concentrations or poor hepatic function, even if platelet counts and prothrombin time are with in [safe limits], before making a decision about potentially dangerous therapeutic measures, such as surgery

Glucose tolerance and insulin response in myocardial infarction patients in type 2 diabetes mellitus

To investigate glucose tolerance and insulin response in myocardial infarction patients in type-2 diabetic population, normoglycemic FDRs or type-2 DM patients and MI with out DM and having no history of type-2 DM in family. Sixty five MI patients and twenty two healthy controls were selected for study. Subjects were divided in to four groups. The study was conducted for the period of 9 months in cardiology ward of various hospitals. Fasting plasma glucose levels in diabetic patients were abnormally higher as compared to other groups. Mean insulin level of FDRs and diabetic MI patients were significantly higher than controls and non diabetics. When viewed with higher fasting glucose level in groups, indicates considerable resistance. Higher insulin levels of FDRs may indicate start of insulin resistance at normoglycemic control. Finally we conclude that insulin resistance appears to be risk factors in diabetics and FDRs MI groups, while in non diabetics, non FDRs, MI patients these risk factors does not seem to play major role

Circulating leukocytes; relation with acute mental stress and coronary artery disease

Evaluating circulating leukocytes in acute mental stress and relation with coronary artery disease. Descriptive study Muhammad Medical College Mirpurkhas, from March 2007 to August 2007. Two hundred young healthy adults were studied for stress experiment. Venous blood samples were drawn before and after stress for estimation of leukocyte counts. Values were presented as mean +/- standard error of mean [SEM]. The difference in Pre and during stress results of variables were TLC =-4630.85 +/- 140.65, N% =-11.8 +/- 0.36, L% =4.03 +/- 0.14, M% =5.48 +/- 0.37, E% = 1.18 +/- 0.07, B% = 1.11 +/- 0.022. Highly significant p-values [

Calcium; serum and urinary in stone formers and non-stone formers

To evaluate the effects of serum calcium and urinary calcium excretion on upper urinary tract stone diseases in the Peshawar [a high stone incidence belt]. One hundred patients [age 20-60 years] who were suffering severely from upper urinary tract stone disease were selected from LRH and Hayatabad Medical Complex Hospitals of Peshawar, same numbers of healthy controls from the same region were also selected for the study. When results were summed up and test Parameters were compared, it was seen that mean serum calcium in stone formers was greater than that of non-stone formers [P<0.001]. Same pattern was also observed [P< 0.001] in both groups regarding mean urinary calcium excretion. We concluded that calcium is a definitive risk factor in upper urinary tract stone disease. However we suggest further work and research on wide scale population in order to evaluate this relation

HBV vaccination; status in health care workers

The study was conducted to determine the HBV vaccination status in health care workers of Muhammad Medical College Mirpurkhas. This was a descriptive study carried out at Muhammad Medical College Mirpurkhas, From December 2007 to February 2008. Total 480 health care workers were included; both male and female. Vaccination status and other data were filled on preformed Questionnaire proforma, if vaccinated or not. And if vaccinated either complete or incomplete. Total 480 health care workers were studied, including 300 [62.5%] male and 180 [37.5%] females. The mean age was 34 +/- 8.7 and 36 +/- 9.3 years in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects respectively. A total of 255 [53.15%] were vaccinated, including 215 males and 40 females. A 225 [44.875%] patients were non-vaccinated including 85 males and 140 females. The prevaccination HBsAg status was checked and found negative in all the subjects. The frequency of vaccination was highest among house officer 55 [91.66%] and lowest in the sanitary workers 3 [11.5%]. The most common reason of not being vaccinated was non-affordability [high cost of vaccine]. We conclude that a substantial number of health care workers are not vaccinated. So it demands a need for a more aggressive approach to be vaccinated and vaccine must be cost effective

Ramadan fasting; effects on serum LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels

Coronary artery disease is leading cause of death in world. Relations of serum LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol is well established with this disease. Present study was planned to observe the effects of Ramadan fasting on serum LDL-c and HDL-c levels. A descriptive study. Healthy subjects selected from city of Hyderabad Sindh from 25[th] September to 10[th] November 2005. One hundred healthy subjects between ages of 30 to 65 years [mean 41.32 +/- 7.3] were selected for the study, their blood samples were collected one week before month of Ramadan, two weeks after start of Ramadan and in first week of Shawal month. Fasting samples were analysed for LDL-c and HDL-c by magnesium phosphotungstate precipitation and spin react kit method respectively on spectronic-21, spectrophotometer. When results were summed up and compared statistically LDL-c mid-Ramadan [3.93 +/- 0.34 mmol/L] and postRamadan [3.12 +/- 0.11 mmol/L] were significantly lower [p<0.05] than pre-Ramadan [5.35 +/- 0.46 mmol/L]. Whereas HDL-c levels of mid-Ramadan [1.63 +/- 0.36 mmol/L] and post-Ramadan [1.98 +/- 0.23 mmol/L] were significantly elevated [p<0.05] than pre-Ramadan [1.12 +/- 0.16 mmol/L]. Ramadan fasting is well tolerated and effective lipid lowering agent

Effect of choronic cigarette smoking on lipid profile

The present study is designed to observe the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on lipid profile including triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL- C. A total of 102 [30 non-smokers and 72 smokers] apparently healthy male subjects with similar dietary habits and socioeconomic conditions were selected for this study. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C were significantly increased in smokers [group B], when compared with non-smokers [Group A], while the level of HDL-C was significantly decreased in smokers as compared to the non-smokers. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C were significantly increased in heavy smokers [Group B2] as compared to the moderate smokers [Group B1] and that of HDL-C was significantly decreased in heavy smokers as compared to moderate smokers