Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from blood cultures of newborns in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil

Abstract Neonatal sepsis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), commonly found on the skin, being the main agents isolated. The aim of this study was to evaluate CoNS isolated from blood cultures of newborn (NB) infants. The study took place between 2014 and 2016/2017 in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. Using the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), the microorganisms were identified and had their sensitivity profiles determined. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of linezolid, tigecycline, and vancomycin were also determined. The clinical parameters and mortality rates of NBs were evaluated. From January to December 2014, 176 CoNS isolates were obtained from 131 patients and from June 2016 to July 2017, 120 CoNS isolates were obtained from 79 patients. Staphylococcus epidermidis was most prevalent in both periods. Resistance rates increased between 2014 and 2016/2017, especially against ciprofloxacin (52.27% and 73.11%, p = 0.0004), erythromycin (51.40% and 68.07%, p = 0.0054), gentamicin (50.59% and 67.23%, p = 0.0052), and penicillin (71.3% and 99.17%, p = 0.0001), respectively. With 100% susceptibility to linezolid, tigecycline, and vancomycin in both periods and methodologies tested. In 2014, 53.44% of the NBs received antibiotic therapy, and of these, 77.14% used a catheter; in 2016/2017, these were 78.48% and 95.16%, respectively. Regarding laboratory tests, a hemogram was ineffective, since patients with sepsis presented normal reference values. In 2014 and 2016/17, 15.71% and 17.74% of the NBs died, respectively. S. epidermidis was the predominant microorganism, related to catheter use in most cases. The resistance rates have increased over time, demonstrating the importance of adopting control and prevention measures in this hospital. CoNS are responsible for a significant neonatal sepsis mortality rate in infants.

Persistence effect determination of variability in forecasting of agricultural and road machinery national production / Determinação do efeito de persistência da variabilidade na previsão da produção nacional de máquinas agrícolas e rodoviárias

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to forecast the Brazilian national production of agricultural and road machinery in the short term by BOX & JENKINS methodology and determine the persistence effect. Data were obtained at National Association of Automotive Vehicle Manufacturers (ANFAVEA) from January 1960 to October 2019, totaling 718 monthly observations. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) methodology were used. The ARIMA (2,1,1)-ARCH (2) model was fitted and persistence of 0.60 was determined, showing that the instability in the series will be for a long period of time.

RESUMO: O objetivo desta pesquisa é prever a produção nacional de máquinas agrícolas e rodoviárias no Brasil, no curto prazo por meio da metodologia BOX & JENKINS e determinar o efeito de persistência na série. Os dados foram obtidos no site da Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (ANFAVEA) no período de janeiro de 1960 a outubro de 2019, totalizando 718 observações mensais. Os modelos Autoregressivos Integrados e de Médias Móveis (ARIMA) e de Heteroscedasticidade Condicional Autoregressiva (ARCH) foram utilizados para ajustar a média e a variabilidade da série. O modelo ARIMA(2,1,1) - ARCH(2) foi selecionado por meio das estatísticas de ajustes e a persistência determinada foi de 0,60 mostrando que a instabilidade na série é duradoura.

Caracterização das queimadas acidentais em campo, no Município de Santa Maria-RS / Characterization of accidental field burns in the county of Santa Maria - RS, Brazil

Neste trabalho o objetivo foi realizar um estudo de queimadas acidentais em campo, foi para identificar, caracterizar e localizar lugares de maior ocorrência dessas na cidade de Santa Maria-RS, com intuito de auxiliar no planejamento e controle de incêndios. A variável de interesse foi o número de chamadas recebidas, por dia, pelo Corpo de Bombeiros de Santa Maria, no período de 1° de janeiro de 1993 a 31 de dezembro de 2004. Verificou-se que, em média, o Corpo de Bombeiros recebeu 1,81 chamadas diárias; que antes da ocorrência de uma chamada não chovia, em média, há quatro dias; a grande maioria ocorreu no período da tarde e às margens das rodovias que circundam a cidade, principalmente, na RS 287, rodovia com margens pouco habitadas. O mês em que ocorreu o maior número de chamadas ao Corpo de Bombeiros foi agosto, sendo o ano de 1999, o que acumulou maior ocorrência de queimadas. Além disso, o número de chamadas distribui-se uniformemente nos dias da semana. As margens das rodovias e os bairros Distrito Industrial, Medianeira, Itararé, Tomazzetti e Parque Pinheiro Machado foram as áreas com maiores chances de ocorrência de queimadas.

The objetive of this research was to conduct a study on accidental field burns in the county of Santa Maria-RS, Brazil to identify and characterize sites where they most frequently occur with the objective of helping in the planning and controlling of those burns. The variable of interest was the number of daily calls received by the Santa Maria Fire Department, from January 1st 1993 to December 31st 2004. It was observed that the Fire Department received on average 1.81 daily calls; that the calls were followed by a dry period of four days, on average; and most calls occurred during the afternoon and alongside the almost unhabited RS 287 highway. The month with the highest number of calls was August, and the year 1999 presented the highest occurrence number of field burns. Finally, the number of calls was equally distributed along the weekdays. The margins of the highways and the following city districts: Distrito Industrial, Medianeira, Itararé, Tomazzetti and Parque Pinheiro Machado presented the highest chances of burnings occurrence.