Retrospective analysis of complications of breast augmentation with injected polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel in 90 cases / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the complications of breast augmentation with injected polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel (PAHG) in order to avoid further injury by taking treatment at the right moment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>90 patients with some side-effects after breast augmentation with injected polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel had been undergone the treatment in our hospital from 1999 to 2006. Their clinical data were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The major complaints of the patients were feeling pain, multiple indurations, secondary deformity, PAHG displacement, low-grade fever of unknown reason, limitation of upper limb activity, spillage of milk and blood, ulceration and sinus tract of breast, inversion of nipple, infection. All patients were treated by surgical operations to remove the injected PAHG.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The complications are might not only related to the injected material but also caused by incorrect manipulation during operation. To do suction several times may cause the injected material distributed diffusely and the tissue was badly injured. Operation can remove the PAHG as completely as possible. It is a better treatment for the complications of PAHG injection for augmentation mammaplasty.</p>

Breast reconstruction with a combined skin flap of DIEP and TRAM / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate breast reconstruction with a combined skin flap of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) and the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The DIEP and TRAM united flap was elevated with the vessel pedicle of the deep inferior epigastric perforator on the affected side and the rectus abdominis muscle pedicle on the intact side. The reconstructive breast was shaped after the deep inferior epigastric vessels were anastomosed to the internal mammary vessels or the thoracodorsal vessels ipsilaterally.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We have used the DIEP and TRAM united flaps for breast reconstruction in 17 cases. All of the flaps survived, and the reconstructed breasts were well-shaped with the follow-up of 6-18 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The DIEP and TRAM united flap possesses of advantages such as rich blood supply, abundant tissue volume and easy shaping. It is especially applicable to the cases who have large chest defect and need large volume tissue.</p>