RESUMO
Objective To establish female and male bovine collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)models and compare the effects of gender differences on joint and extra-articular manifestations of the CIA model.Methods The CIA model was induced by injection of bovine type Ⅱ collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant into female and male SD rats.The general condition,arthritis index,foot swelling,serum proinflammatory factors and plasminogen activator inhibitor levels,spleen index,knee and ankle joint pathologies,right rear paw bone destruction,and pulmonary interstitial lesions were evaluated.Results The arthritis index of female CIA rats was significantly higher than that of male CIA rats on day 21 after initial immunization(P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found in the degree of foot swelling between the two groups at any time point(P＞0.05).Serum tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin-1β,and the spleen index of female CIA rats were significantly higher than those of male CIA rats(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).No significant difference was found in plasminogen activator inhibitor levels(P＞0.05).The scores of inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial hyperplasia in the knee and ankle pathologies of female CIA rats were significantly higher than those of male CIA rats(P＜0.05),and cartilage damage of the knee joint and bone damage of the right rear paw of female CIA rats were significantly higher than that of male rats(P＜0.05).Both male and female CIA rats showed pulmonary interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and mild fibrosis,but the pulmonary interstitial lesions in females were more severe than those in males.Conclusions Female and male CIA models established in SD rats have arthritis and pulmonary interstitial lesions,but the lesion degree in female CIA rats is more serious.When using CIA models for RA-related research,attention should be focused on the effect of gender differences.
RESUMO
Scutellariae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma， and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex are three commonly used Chinese herbal medicines， and their application in classic famous prescriptions cannot be fully explained by the triple energizer classification method. This study reviewed the ancient materia medica works and elaborated on the functions of the three herbal medicines before the Song dynasty and after the Jin dynasty. The works before the Song dynasty mainly introduced the diseases treated by the three herbal medicines according to the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica（《神农本草经》）， and the works after the Jin dynasty mainly expounded the indications of the three medicines in the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica according to the new medical theory. Although all the three herbal medicines can treat heat syndrome， digestive system diseases， skin and mucosa diseases， they act on different targets. Scutellariae Radix can regulate Qi stagnation and reverse caused by the fire syndrome. Coptidis Rhizoma can treat excess fire and purulent bloody stool caused by the deficiency of Zang-fu organs. Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex mainly treats the diseases of the intestine and reproductive system and can kill parasites. In addition， this paper summarized the descriptions about the functions of Scutellariae Radix in eliminating blood blockage， Coptidis Rhizoma in protecting the intestine， and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in clearing the liver in ancient books. According to the sentences in the Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases（《伤寒杂病论》）， the application of Scutellariae Radix in Chaihu prescriptions， Coptidis Rhizoma in Baitouweng Decoction， and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in Zhizi Baipi Decoction confirms to the indications of the three medicines in the materia medica works before the Song Dynasty. The existing clinical and pharmacological research results confirm the indications of the three herbal medicines in the ancient works. The clinical application of the three medicines should refer to the materia medicia works before the Song dynasty， so as to achieve precise medication.
RESUMO
Anemia is one of the most common complications of rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. It is an important factor affecting the quality of life of patients and disease prognosis in addition to joint dysfunction. The pathogenesis of RA with anemia in western medicine is complex and diverse， and it is difficult to give consideration to medication. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has certain therapeutic advantages because it pays attention to overall regulation and syndrome differentiation. In recent years， with the in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of RA in modern medicine and the continuous improvement of the idea of diagnosis and treatment combined with disease and syndrome in TCM， the connotation of TCM pathogenesis of RA has gradually broken through the traditional theoretical framework of "arthralgia syndrome"， and TCM etiology research of toxin in RA and its complications has received increasing attention. By tracing and sorting out the theory of "toxin caused arthralgia"， combing with the research results of the pathological mechanism of modern medicine， this thesis expounds the importance of toxins in the pathogenic factors of RA in TCM. On this basis， it is further proposed that "deficiency caused by toxic heat" is the core pathogenesis of RA with anemia. Deficiency of healthy Qi， the six exogenous factors， the seven emotional factors， and improper diet can lead to the formation of toxic heat， and damage to the joint structure and viscera， resulting in blood deficiency. To treat RA with anemia， the syndrome differentiation by stages is conducted based on the principle of detoxification and dredging collaterals， and the mechanism of self-made prescription Ersi decoction on RA complicated with anemia is explored based on previous research， to enrich the theoretical basis for the treatment of RA from toxic heat and provide new ideas for TCM differentiation and treatment of RA with anemia and other complications.