RESUMO
BACKGROUND:Vascularization is essential for wound healing and functional recovery during soft tissue repair.Adipose tissue is believed to be the body's largest source of stem cells,and a number of different fat complexes have been developed for research and treatment.Its ability to promote angiogenesis and soft tissue repair has been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE:To review the progress of vascularization in soft tissue repair,and to summarize the preparation methods of adipose tissue and its derivative and their applications in vascularization and soft tissue repair.It is proven that adipose tissue and its derivative have excellent research value and clinical application prospects in vascular and soft tissue engineering. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science and CNKI databases were used to search the related articles published from January 2010 to February 2023.The search terms were"soft tissue repair,wound healing,vascularization,angiogenesis,adipose tissue,stromal vascular fraction,adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragment,nanofat,adipose extracellular matrix/stromal vascular fraction gel"in Chinese and English.A small number of old classic literature was also included.An initial screening was performed by reading the titles and abstracts to exclude literature that was not relevant to the topic of the article,and 69 papers were finally included for the analysis of the result. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Wound healing is an important physiological process,which mainly occurs when tissue is damaged,such as injury,surgery,burn,tumor,infection and vascular disease caused by tissue damage and defects.(2)Adequate vascularization of the wound site is essential for tissue repair,reconstruction of local homeostasis and functional recovery.(3)Adipose tissue is believed to be the body's largest pool of stem cells and a number of different fat components have been used for research and treatment.(4)Due to its inherent composition and preparation advantages,adipose tissue will continue to play an important role in tissue engineering research and therapy.
RESUMO
Objective:To investigate the characteristics of regional brain functional centrality(DC)in patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia(LID)and to explore the pathogenesis of LID.Methods:A total of 33 PD patients with LID(PD-LID), 41 PD patients without LID(PD-nLID)and 37 healthy controls from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled in this study.Differences in DC among the three groups were compared and the correlation between Z-DC values of the brain regions with differences and the scores of the involuntary movement scale(items 1-7)was analyzed.Results:Compared with Controls, PD-LID patients showed increased DC in the right amygdala(extending to the right globus pallidus)(MNI: x=30, y=-3, z=-18, t=4.00, P<0.05 after AlphaSim correction)and in the right postcentral gyrus(MNI: x=57, y=-9, z=39, t=-3.59; MNI: x=42, y=-33, z=57, t=-4.23, P<0.05 after AlphaSim correction)and reduced DC in the right superior parietal lobule(MNI: x=24, y=-51, z=72, t=-3.95, P<0.05 after AlphaSim correction).Compared with the PD-nLID group, the PD-LID group showed increased DC in the right globus pallidus(MNI: x=30, y=-12, z=-3, t=3.09, P<0.05 after AlphaSim correction).DC changes in the right globus pallidus were positively correlated with AIMS score( r=0.482, P=0.004). Conclusions:The enhancement of DC function in the right globus pallidus may be closely related to the onset and severity of LID.
RESUMO
Objective:To observe the characteristics of resting-state brain activity in Parkinson disease (PD) patients with peak-dose dyskinesia, and to explore its pathogenesis.Methods:From March 2017 to November 2019, totally 27 PD patients with peak-dose dyskinesia (dyskinetic group), and 29 PD patients without dyskinesia (non-dyskinetic group) treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and 27 healthy controls from the community were recruited.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and clinical scale data were collected.SPSS 26.0 software and REST software were used for data analysis.The whole brain amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values were compared among the three groups.Correlation analysis was performed between ALFF values of the significant brain regions and the scale scores.Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of ALFF values of significant brain regions in identifying three groups of subjects.Results:The peak-dose dyskinetic group showed decreased ALFF in right inferior frontal gyrus(MNI: x=36, y=21, z=30; x=36, y=18, z=30)and increased ALFF in right supplementary motor area (MNI: x=9, y=0, z=69; x=6, y=-3, z=72)(all P<0.05, Alphasim correction) compared with non-dyskinetic group and healthy controls.ALFF value in right inferior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with unified dyskinesia rating scale (UDysRS) scores ( r=-0.47, P=0.018). The ALFF value of the right inferior frontal gyrus was more effective in identifying peak-dose dyskinetic patients from non-dyskinetic patients and healthy controls, and the area under the curve of right inferior frontal gyrus were 0.881 and 0.787 (both P<0.01), respectively. Conclusion:Abnormal spontaneous brain activity in right inferior frontal gyrus and right supplementary motor area can be the neurobiological basis of peak-dose dyskinesia in PD patients.The severity of peak-dose dyskinesia is associated with abnormal brain activity of right inferior frontal gyrus.The ALFF value of right inferior frontal gyrus is a potential imaging marker for identifying peak-dose dyskinetic patient.
RESUMO
Objective ToinvestigatethepatternsofbrainactivityabnormalitiesinpatientswithParkinson’sdisease(PD)with freezingofgait(FOG),andtoexploretheneuropathologicalmechanismofFOG.Methods Resting-statefunctionalMRI(rs-fMRI) scanswereobtainedfrom31PDpatientsand16healthycontrols(HCs).Accordingtothefreezingofgaitquestionnaire(FOG-Q),31 PDpatientsweredividedinto15PDFOG(+)and16PDFOG(－).ANCOVAandPost-Hocttestwereperformedtoassessinter groupdifferenceofbrainactivityabnormalitybasedonregionalhomogeneity.Results ComparedtoHCs,PDFOG(+)showeddecreased ReHointheleftinferiortemporalgyrus,rightlingual,bilateralfusiform,rightoccipitalgyrus,rightcalcarine,andrightcerebellum, whileincreasedReHointherightmiddlefrontalgyrus,rightsuperiorfrontalgyrus,rightprecentralgyrus,andrightsupplementary motorarea(SMA).ComparedtoPDFOG(－),PDFOG(+)exhibitedincreasedReHointherightprecentralgyrus,rightmiddle frontalgyrus,rightinferiorfrontalgyrus,andrightSMA,whiledecreasedReHoinleftfusiform.Conclusion Thisstudysuggests thatFOGinPDisassociatedwithabnormalitiesincerebellum,frontallobeandvisualnetwork,whichishelpfultounderstandthe neuralmechanismsunderlyingFOGinPD.
RESUMO
Objective To study the relationship between plasma neurodegenerative protein level and non-motor symptoms(NMS)in PD patients.Methods Eighty-four PD patients served as a PD group and 54age-matched persons undergoing physical examination served as a control group. The NMS of PD patients were assessed according to the HAMD scale.The plasma levels of tau,p-tau181,Aβ-42andα-syn were measured by ELISA and analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis respectively.Results The FSS score and plasmaα-syn level were significantly higher while the plasma Aβ-42level was significantly lower in PD group than in control group(3.22±1.68 vs 1.89±1.16,P=0.000;320.00±64.91ng/L vs 277.78±52.75ng/L,P=0.000;267.61±77.75ng/L vs 321.80±49.41ng/L,P=0.001).No significant difference was detected in plasma tau and p-tau181levels between the two groups(P＞0.05).The plasmaα-syn level was positively related with the FSS score(r=0.237,P=0.030)and was an influencing factor of FSS(OR=1.019,95％CI:1.006-1.032,P=0.004).Conclusion Plasma neurodegenerative protein level is related with NMS and plasmaα-syn level is a peripheral biomarker for fatigue in PD patients.
RESUMO
Objective To explore the changes and significance of local brain activity in different motor subtypes of Parkinson disease(PD) using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) based on regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis. Methods A total of 84 PD patients and age-and gender-matched 29 healthy controls undergoing rs-fMRI were included. PD patients were divided into two groups of tremor dominant (TD) (n=45) and postural instability gait difficulty(PIGD) (n=39) according to the Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores. Data processing assistant for resting-state fMRI (DPARSF) and resting-state fMRI data analysis Toolkit (REST) V1.8 based on MATLAB were used to calculate the ReHo which measured brain activity in different motor subtypes of PD. Analysis of covariance and post-hoc t-tests were performed to detect the differences of local brain activity among the three groups.Correlation analyses were performed between ReHo values of the regions showing group differences and TD and PIGD scores respectively. Results Compared to healthy controls, the TD group exhibited increased ReHo in the right superior and middle frontal gyrus, left cerebellum(13 to 21 voxels, P<0.05), while decreased ReHo in the left temporal lobule, left putamen, left paracentral lobule, and bilateral thalamus (12 to 91 voxels, P<0.05). The PIGD group showed increased ReHo in the right superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) (55 to 92 voxels, P<0.05), while decreased ReHo in the left putamen, left pallidum, left temporal lobule, right occipital lobule, bilateral thalamus, bilateral middle cingulate gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) (15 to 78 voxels, P<0.05). Compared with PIGD, the TD group showed increased ReHo in the left temporal lobule, left cerebellum, bilateral middle cingulate gyrus (19 to 51 voxels, P<0.05), whereas decreased ReHo in the left paracentral lobule, bilateral cuneus, right superior frontal gyrus, and right ACC (14 to 68 voxels, P<0.05). Additionally, ReHo in the left thalamus and left putamen negatively correlated with TD scores (r=-0.355 and －0.498, both P<0.05). ReHo in the left thalamus and right thalamus negatively correlated with PIGD scores (r=-0.478 and－0.397, both P<0.05). Conclusions The changes of brain activity in TD are located in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuit and the striatal-thalamo-cortical (STC) loop while the changes in PIGD are largely located in the STC loop and visual network cortex. This specific pattern of intrinsic activity in TD and PIGD may provide insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms of PD with different motor subtypes.
RESUMO
Objective@#To explore the changes and significance of local brain activity in different motor subtypes of Parkinson disease(PD) using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) based on regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis.@*Methods@#A total of 84 PD patients and age-and gender-matched 29 healthy controls undergoing rs-fMRI were included. PD patients were divided into two groups of tremor dominant(TD) (n=45) and postural instability gait difficulty(PIGD) (n=39) according to the Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores. Data processing assistant for resting-state fMRI (DPARSF) and resting-state fMRI data analysis Toolkit (REST) V1.8 based on MATLAB were used to calculate the ReHo which measured brain activity in different motor subtypes of PD. Analysis of covariance and post-hoc t-tests were performed to detect the differences of local brain activity among the three groups.Correlation analyses were performed between ReHo values of the regions showing group differences and TD and PIGD scores respectively.@*Results@#Compared to healthy controls, the TD group exhibited increased ReHo in the right superior and middle frontal gyrus, left cerebellum(13 to 21 voxels, P<0.05), while decreased ReHo in the left temporal lobule, left putamen, left paracentral lobule, and bilateral thalamus (12 to 91 voxels, P<0.05). The PIGD group showed increased ReHo in the right superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) (55 to 92 voxels, P<0.05), while decreased ReHo in the left putamen, left pallidum, left temporal lobule, right occipital lobule, bilateral thalamus, bilateral middle cingulate gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) (15 to 78 voxels, P<0.05). Compared with PIGD, the TD group showed increased ReHo in the left temporal lobule, left cerebellum, bilateral middle cingulate gyrus (19 to 51 voxels, P<0.05), whereas decreased ReHo in the left paracentral lobule, bilateral cuneus, right superior frontal gyrus, and right ACC (14 to 68 voxels, P<0.05). Additionally, ReHo in the left thalamus and left putamen negatively correlated with TD scores (r=-0.355 and -0.498, both P<0.05). ReHo in the left thalamus and right thalamus negatively correlated with PIGD scores (r=-0.478 and -0.397, both P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The changes of brain activity in TD are located in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuit and the striatal-thalamo-cortical (STC) loop while the changes in PIGD are largely located in the STC loop and visual network cortex. This specific pattern of intrinsic activity in TD and PIGD may provide insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms of PD with different motor subtypes.
RESUMO
Objective To explore the application value of susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI)in measuring brain iron deposition in the diagnosis and the assessment of Parkinson’s disease(PD).Methods Thirty cases with PD underwent head routine magnetic resonance imaging and SWI scanning.The unified PD rating scale(UPDRS)was used to assess the severity of PD.The phase values of substantia nigra (SN),red nucleus(RN),caudate nucleus (CA),globus pallidus(GP)and putamen (PUT)were measured manually on the phase map.The correlation between the phase values of the region of interest(ROI)and the UPDRS scores of PD was analyzed.Results There were no significant differences between the phase values of the less severe body side and those of the more severe body side (SN,P=0.120;RN, P=0.402;CA,P=0.196;GP,P=0.616;PUT,P =0.985).Significant negative correlations were found between the phase values of SN, CA,GP and the UPDRS Ⅲ scores,respectively (SN-UPDRS Ⅲ:r=-0.407,P =0.026;CA-UPDRS Ⅲ:r =-0.424,P =0.02;GP-UPDRS Ⅲ:r=-0.363,P =0.048).Significant negative correlation was found between the phase values of SN and the UPDRSⅤranks (r=-0.373 ,P =0.043 ),while the similar correlation was found between the phase values of CA and the UPDRSⅠ scores (r=-0.367,P =0.046)and the medium negative correlation was found between the phase values of GP and the gait disorder scores of UPDRS Ⅲ(r=-0.41 1,P =0.024).But no correlation was found between the phase values of other ROIs and the UPDRS scores. Conclusion SWI could quantitatively assess the brain iron deposition of the PD patient,which provided reference for clinical diagnosis and assessment of PD.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND:Previous studies have demonstrated that simvastatin that can promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cel s in vitro, is likely to be a new osteogenic drug. While it is stil unknown whether there is time-dependent stimulation of simvastatin on the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and col agen type I. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and col agen type I in rat bone marrow stromal stem cel s in vitro stimulated by simvastatin at different time points. METHODS:Passage 1 bone marrow stromal cel s were divided into control and simvastatin group, fol owed by cultured in osteogenic differetiation medium with or uithout 10-7 mol/L simvastatin. After 7-day intervention, expression of alkaline phosphatase was detected in passage 3 cel s. Passage 4 cel s were divided and cultured as described above, and afterwards, RNA and proteins were extracted at 12 and 36 hours to detect the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and col agen type I using real-time PCR and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Both two groups could express alkaline phosphatase, while the rate of positive cel s significantly increased in the simvastatin group compared with the control group (P<0.05);at 12 and 36 hours after intervention, mRNA expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and col agen type I in the simvastatin group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Besides, western blot assay showed:at both 12 and 36 hours, simvastatin significantly enhanced the expression of bone morphometric protein 2, while the expression of col agen type I significantly increased at 12 hours (P<0.05), but not at 36 hours. In conclusion, simvastatin can promote the expressions of bone morphometric protein 2 and col agen type I in rat bone marrow stromal cel s, with more favorable outcomes after 12-hour treatment.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulatory effect of simvastatin on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at middle/late stages by p38MAPK pathway under condition of osteoinductive environment.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the plasma levels of glutamate (Glu) andγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in Par?kinson’s disease patients with depression (PDD) and their clinical significance. Methods Plasma levels of Glu and GA?BA were measured in 88 PD patients including 43 PDD patients and 45 PD patients without depression, and 68 healthy controls by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-RF). Depression was assessed in enrolled subjects by using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). The plasma levels of Glu and GABA were compared among different groups and their associations with HAMD scores were subsequently evaluated by correlation analysis. Results The plas?ma levels of Glu and GABA were significantly lower in PD group(49.81±22.79,249.17±62.57)than in normal control group(149.59±50.08,276.66±85.43)(all P<0.05). In addition, PD patients with depression exhibited significantly low?er plasma levels of Glu and GABA(40.34±15.77 and 233.63±53.56)compared to PD patients without depression(58.86± 24.87 and 264.02±67.39)and healthy controls (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that HAMD scores were nega?tively associated with plasma levels of Glu ( r=-0.366,P=0.000 ) and GABA ( r=-0.217,P=0.043 ). Conclusion The decrease in plasma levels of Glu and GABA may be implicated in the pathogenesis of depression in PD patients.
RESUMO
Objective To observe the electroencephalogram (EEG) activity of sleep disorders and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Forty-nine PD patients,admitted to our hospital from December 2012 to June 2013,were examined by Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (PSQS) and Scale Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); electroencephalogram and their clinic features were analyzed.Results As compared with the normal sleep and non-MCI patients with PD (61.8％),sleep disorder and MCI patients with PD showed higher incidence of slow wave (65.6％).Logistic regression analysis showed that sleep quality was positively correlated to the incidence of slow wave (OR=4.117,P=0.042).PD patients with slow wave had higher PSQS scores and lower MoCA scores as compared with PD patients without slow wave.Conclusion PD patients with sleep disorder and MCI show high incidence of slow wave.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) features of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy in adults with phantom absences.Methods Six patients were referred to the clinic of epilepsy from April,2007 to December,2011.They all had clinical assessment,EEG,or video EEG confirming absences seizure.Results Six patients showed the following similar clinical-EEG features:(1) mild ictal impairment of consciousness associated with generalized 3.0-3.5 Hz spike and slow wave discharges; (2) late-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures; (3) absence status epilepticus with or without secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures; (4) generalized discharges were mostly seen in three types in the awaking stage:fragmented discharge (＜4 s),brief discharge (4-10s) and long-time discharge (＞ 10 s).None of the patients had myoclonic jerks or photosensitivity.One patient' s mother had a history of generalized tonic clonic seizures.One patient had a history of children absence epilepsy and one patient had a history of febrile convulsion in the age of 1-3.Conclusion Idiopathic generalized epilepsy with phantom absences has distinct clinical and EEG features and may become a new idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome in adults.
RESUMO
Objective To analyze retrospectively the risk factors and predictors of post-encephalitic epilepsy (PEE) and refractory epilepsy in patients with encephalitis.Methods In a hospital based study,the patients with encephalitis were reviewed retrospectively between the January of 1995 and December of 2010.Related factors were evaluated including age,sex,seizure types,neuroimaging,electroencephalogram(EEG) in intermittent period,clinical symptoms,consciousness level,initial seizure and steroid hormone therapy,etc.Results 237 patients with encephalitis were enrolled,whose median age was 26.3 (range 15-57) years old.PEE occurred in 103 (43.46％) patients; and 67 of whom had partial seizure.Significant risk factors for PEE included age (OR =3.72,95％ CI 2.70-5.25,P =0.018),disturbance of consciousness level(OR =5.37,95％ CI 2.43-13.03,P =0.012),cortical lesion in imaging (OR =11.42,95％ CI 5.94-31.27,P =0.000),spike discharges in EEG (OR =18.04,95％ CI 7.30-48.38,P =0.000) and initial seizures in acute phase (OR =32.68,95％ CI 9.62-97.59,P =0.000).The refractory epilepsy occurred in 6t patients.The significant risk factors of refractory PEE included focal seizures(OR =4.09,95％ CI 2.14-9.10,P =0.021),status epilepticus (OR =4.48,95％ CI 1.89-8.07,P =0.017) and poor controlled seizure (OR =6.17,95％ CI 3.52-11.34,P =0.001) during acute phase,multifocal spikes discharge in EEG(OR =5.53,95％ CI 2.91-10.07,P =0.006),cortical lesion in neuroimaging(OR =2.33,95％ CI 1.37-7.72,P =O.028),however,early steroid hormone therapy (OR =2.19,95％ CI 1.11-4.87,P =0.037) and longer time to initial seizure (OR =4.40,95％ CI 3.19-11.62,P =0.014) could significantly reduced the incidence of refractory epilepsy in PEE patients.Conclusion Our data indicated that PEE occur in 43.46％ patients especially in younger patients with disturbance of consciousness level,cortical lesion in imaging,spike discharges in EEG and initial seizures in acute phase.And the risk factors for refractory PEE are also discussed.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the effect of argenin-glycin-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides on islet viability and function. Methods Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1640 group and RGD group. Ficoll was used to purify islet in a discontinuous-density-gradient way. Islet concentration is 27% ,25% ,23% ,20.5% and 11% respectively. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide(AO/EB) fluorescent staining method was adopted to observe the effect of RGD peptides on islet viability. Radioimmunoassay was adopted to detect insulin level and measure insulin secretion index (SI). Caspase-9 cells and phospho-Akt 473-positive cells were determined by flow cytometry to investigate the influence of RGD peptides on caspase-9 activity and Akt. Results 600-700 IEQ islet was extracted from each rat by Ficoll purification through modified gradient centrifugation. AO/EB stain showed islet survival rate was more than 95% immediately after separation. Islets cultured in the medium of RPMI-1640 showed SI of 1.64 ±0.28 after 1 week, while islets cultured in the medium of RPMI-1640 containing RGD peptides showed SI of 2.28 ± 0.16 (P ＜ 0.05 ). Flow cytometry showed the level of activated caspase-9 was ( 22.66 ± 3.56 ) % if islet was cultured in RPMI-1640 alone for 1 week while the level was( 10.54 ± 1.96) % if islet was cultured in RPMI-1640 containing RGD peptides. There was statistical difference ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The effect of RGD on Akt phosphorylation was also detected. Akt phosphorylation proportion was (31.47 ±4.08)% 1 week after cultured in RPMI-1640 while the value was(61. 054 ±6.03)% if cultured in RPMI-1640 containing RGD peptides. The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion RGD peptides could inhibit apoptosis through the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB.
RESUMO
Objective To set up the Parkinson's disease(PD)rat model with pathologic characteristic of Lewy body in nigral cells.Methods SD rats were injected respectively with 8 mg Lactacystin(Lactacystin group),sodium saline(NS group)and 12 mg 6-OHDA(6-OHDA group)by stereotaxic unilateral injection into the pars compacta of substantia nigral.The spontaneous and apomorphine-induced contralateral behaviors of rats were observed.The changes of midbrain histology were viewed by microscope;expression of ?-synuclein and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry.The contents of dopamine and homovanillic acid in striatum were determined.Results Rats of NS group did not display abnormal behavior.The animals treated with Lactacystin developed progressively bradykinesia,hypokinesia,tremor,contralateral head tilting,and displayed apomorphine-induced contralateral rotation behavior;3 weeks later the number of TH positive cells were decreased by 83.29% compared with NS group(P
RESUMO
Objective To study the effect of proteasome on nigral degeneration and Lewy body formation. Methods By stereotaxic unilateral injection of different doses of lactacystin, a selective proteasome inhibitor, into the substantia nigral pars compacta of rats, the spontaneous and apomorphine induced contralateral behaviors of rats were observed. Nigral degeneration and Lewy body were viewed by HE staining; expressions of ? synuclein and tyrosine hydroxylase in nigral cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Contents of dopamine and homovanillic acid were determined by HPLC. Results There were no difference between 0 2 ?g group and control. Animals treated with 2 ?g and 8 ?g lactacystin developed progressively bradykinetic and displayed contralateral head tilting and tremor; apomorphine induced contralateral behavior was notably observed in rats of 8 ?g group; 3 weeks later, nigral degeneration were present in 2 ?g and 8 ?g groups; some of nigral cells contained acidophilic Lewy body with intense immune response to ? synuclein; the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells in 2 ?g and 8 ?g groups were decreased by 68 24% ( P
RESUMO
Objective To evaluate the protective role of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to lactacystin-Parkinson's disease (PD) rats.Methods BMSCs were obtained from adult male SD rats and were expanded, isolated and purified. BMSCs were harvested from 4 to 6 passage and used for transplantation. PD rats that expressed Lewy body and presented lateral rotation were made by injecting 8?g lactacystin into one side of substantia nigra compact part of rat with stereotaxic technique. The rats were transplanted with BMSCs labelled by Brdu by stereotaxic unilateral injection into striatum and transplanted with normal saline as control. The behavior changes of rats and the expression of BDNF, migration, differentiation of BMSCs were examined.Results 71.43% of the rats displayed significant improvement of contralateral behavior after BMSCs transplantation, however there was no change in control group. BMSCs were found in several areas of the brain including striatum, corpus callosum and contralateral cortex. The implanted BMSCs expressed BDNF but no tyrosine hydroxylase.Conclusion BMSCs may play a neuroprotective role in lactacystin-PD rats by secreting BDNF.