Difficulties Faced by Physicians Working at a Designated Cancer Hospital in Practice of Advance Care Planning (ACP)

Objectives: There are known barriers to advance care planning practices for both health care providers and patients. Since physicians were the main occupations that introduce ACP, the goal of this study was to clarify where the difficulties were felt in the practice of ACP by looking back on the practice of physicians who were working in a designated cancer hospital. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 physicians who were recommended by the palliative care team as physicians who clinically practice ACP for cancer patients. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using content analysis by Graneheim et al. Results: We finally classified into 6 major categories as follows: Insufficient readiness of patients/Insufficient readiness of medical staff/Discrepancy in communication/Lack of evaluation index of ACP/Dilemma with professional ethics. Conclusion: Patients and health care providers each lacked readiness for ACP, and physicians found it difficult due to the resulting communication discrepancies and lack of colleagues with whom they could collaborate.

6. Perspectives on Researcher Development / 医学教育

In the new Model Core Curriculum, the objective stated is to "understand the importance of medical research for the advancement of medicine and medical care, and support innovation in medicine through involvement in academic and research activities, developing one's scientific thinking skills." Importantly, scientific background and researcher training education, such as laboratory assignments, are clearly positioned in the Model Core Curriculum and are available to all students. The curriculum consists of five components : Developing a research mindset, Understanding established theories, Conducting Research, Publishing Research, and Research Ethics. In addition, laboratory experience and practical training in basic medicine were also added to the description. Further policy and financial support for researchers will be necessary to increase the number of basic medical researchers in the future.

7. Educational Strategies and Good Practice (1) / 医学教育

In the 2022 revision of the Model Core Curriculum, a new "Educational Strategies and Assessment" section was added as a further development in outcome-based education. By adding a chapter on strategies and evaluation, which is an important element of the curriculum, and linking it to qualities and abilities, we have devised a way for learners and instructors to make use of the Core Curriculum more easily. In addition, 11 example of strategy and assessment cases are included as Good Practice to encourage practical application. However, since these are only examples, we hope this chapter will be further developed as universities create strategies and evaluations that make the most of their unique characteristics.