Cell softness reveals tumorigenic potential via ITGB8/AKT/glycolysis signaling in a mice model of orthotopic bladder cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Bladder cancer, characterized by a high potential of tumor recurrence, has high lifelong monitoring and treatment costs. To date, tumor cells with intrinsic softness have been identified to function as cancer stem cells in several cancer types. Nonetheless, the existence of soft tumor cells in bladder tumors remains elusive. Thus, our study aimed to develop a micro-barrier microfluidic chip to efficiently isolate deformable tumor cells from distinct types of bladder cancer cells.@*METHODS@#The stiffness of bladder cancer cells was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modified microfluidic chip was utilized to separate soft cells, and the 3D Matrigel culture system was to maintain the softness of tumor cells. Expression patterns of integrin β8 (ITGB8), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were determined by Western blotting. Double immunostaining was conducted to examine the interaction between F-actin and tripartite motif containing 59 (TRIM59). The stem-cell-like characteristics of soft cells were explored by colony formation assay and in vivo studies upon xenografted tumor models.@*RESULTS@#Using our newly designed microfluidic approach, we identified a small fraction of soft tumor cells in bladder cancer cells. More importantly, the existence of soft tumor cells was confirmed in clinical human bladder cancer specimens, in which the number of soft tumor cells was associated with tumor relapse. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biomechanical stimuli arising from 3D Matrigel activated the F-actin/ITGB8/TRIM59/AKT/mTOR/glycolysis pathways to enhance the softness and tumorigenic capacity of tumor cells. Simultaneously, we detected a remarkable up-regulation in ITGB8, TRIM59, and phospho-AKT in clinical bladder recurrent tumors compared with their non-recurrent counterparts.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The ITGB8/TRIM59/AKT/mTOR/glycolysis axis plays a crucial role in modulating tumor softness and stemness. Meanwhile, the soft tumor cells become more sensitive to chemotherapy after stiffening, that offers new insights for hampering tumor progression and recurrence.

The comparison of survival between active surveillance or watchful waiting and focal therapy for low-risk prostate cancer: a real-world study from the SEER database / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

To reduce treatment-related side effects in low-risk prostate cancer (PCa), both focal therapy and deferred treatments, including active surveillance (AS) and watchful waiting (WW), are worth considering over radical prostatectomy (RP). Therefore, this study aimed to compare long-term survival outcomes between focal therapy and AS/WW. Data were obtained and analyzed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients with low-risk PCa who received focal therapy or AS/WW from 2010 to 2016 were included. Focal therapy included cryotherapy and laser ablation. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare overall mortality (OM) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM) between AS/WW and focal therapy, and propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce the influence of bias and unmeasured confounders. A total of 19 292 patients with low-risk PCa were included in this study. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis, the risk of OM was higher in patients receiving focal therapy than those receiving AS/WW (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.79, P = 0.037), whereas no significant difference was found in CSM (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.23-4.11, P = 0.977). After PSM, the OM and CSM of focal therapy and AS/WW showed no significant differences (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.92-1.74, P = 0.149; and HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.24-6.51, P = 0.782, respectively). For patients with low-risk PCa, focal therapy was no match for AS/WW in decreasing OM, suggesting that AS/WW could bring more overall survival benefits.

Complete androgen blockade vs. medical castration alone as adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy: a retrospective cohort study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Till date, the optimal treatment strategy for delivering adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in localized and locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa), as a lower stage in PCa progression compared with metastatic PCa, is still unclear. This study compares the efficacy of castration alone with complete androgen blockade (CAB) as adjuvant ADT in patients with localized and locally advanced PCa undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).@*METHODS@#Patients diagnosed with PCa, without lymph node or distant metastasis, who received RP in West China Hospital between January 2009 and April 2019, were enrolled in this study. We performed survival, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression, and subgroup analyses.@*RESULTS@#A total of 262 patients were enrolled, including 107 patients who received castration alone and 155 patients who received CAB. The survival analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (hazard ratios [HR] = 1.07, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] = 0.60-1.90, P = 0.8195). Moreover, the multivariable Cox model provided similarly negative results before and after adjustment for potential covariant. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the clinical recurrence between the two groups in both non-adjusted and adjusted models. Furthermore, our subgroup analysis showed that CAB achieved better biochemical recurrence (BCR) outcomes than medical castration alone as adjuvant ADT for locally advanced PCa (P for interaction = 0.0247, HR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.14-1.00, P = 0.0497).@*CONCLUSION@#Combined androgen blockade achieved better BCR outcomes compared with medical castration alone as adjuvant ADT for locally advanced PCa without lymph node metastasis.

Minimally invasive osteotomy and manual reduction for hallux valgus / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical effects of minimally invasive osteotomy and manual reduction in treating hallux valgus.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to May 2019, 31 patients (42 feet) with hallux valgus were treated with minimally invasive osteotomy and manual reduction, including 3 males and 28 females aged from 18 to 76 years old with an average of (50.1± 4.9) years old. Preoperative and postoperative hallux valgus (HVA), intermetatarsal angles(IMA), length difference between 1 and 2 metatarsals were recorded and compared, and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS)score were observed and measured.@*RESULTS@#Thirty-one patients (42 feet) were followed up from 14 to 18 months with an average of (15.1± 1.2) months. HVA, IM before operation were (38.5±5.4)°, (13.0± 1.1)°, and improved to (14.3±4.7)°and (9.1±1.5)°after operation respectively(@*CONCLUSION@#Minimally invasive osteotomy and manual reduction in treating hallux valgus have advantages of shorter operation time, less length of incision, and could correct hallux valgus deformity, improve front feet and receive good clinical effect in further.

Transurethral resection of the prostate is an independent risk factor for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Biochemical recurrence (BCR) is important for measuring the oncological outcomes of patients who undergo radical prostatectomy (RP). Whether transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has negative postoperative effects on oncological outcomes remains controversial. The primary aim of our retrospective study was to determine whether a history of TURP could affect the postoperative BCR rate. We retrospectively reviewed patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who had undergone RP between January 2009 and October 2017. Clinical data on age, prostate volume, serum prostate-specific antigen levels (PSA), biopsy Gleason score (GS), metastasis stage (TNM), D'Amico classification, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification were collected. Statistical analyses including Cox proportional hazard models and sensitivity analyses which included propensity score matching, were performed, and the inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted estimator and standardized mortality ratio-weighted estimator were determined. We included 1083 patients, of which 118 had a history of TURP. Before matching, the non-TURP group differed from the TURP group with respect to GS (P= 0.047), prostate volume (mean: 45.19 vs 36.00 ml, P < 0.001), and PSA level (mean: 29.41 vs 15.11 ng ml-1, P= 0.001). After adjusting for age, PSA level, T stage, N stage, M stage, and GS, the TURP group showed higher risk of BCR (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-3.94, P= 0.004). After matching (ratio 1:4), patients who underwent TURP were still more likely to develop BCR according to the adjusted propensity score (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.05-3.79, P= 0.034). Among patients with PCa, those with a history of TURP were more likely to develop BCR after RP.

Transurethral resection of the prostate is an independent risk factor for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Biochemical recurrence (BCR) is important for measuring the oncological outcomes of patients who undergo radical prostatectomy (RP). Whether transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has negative postoperative effects on oncological outcomes remains controversial. The primary aim of our retrospective study was to determine whether a history of TURP could affect the postoperative BCR rate. We retrospectively reviewed patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who had undergone RP between January 2009 and October 2017. Clinical data on age, prostate volume, serum prostate-specific antigen levels (PSA), biopsy Gleason score (GS), metastasis stage (TNM), D'Amico classification, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification were collected. Statistical analyses including Cox proportional hazard models and sensitivity analyses which included propensity score matching, were performed, and the inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted estimator and standardized mortality ratio-weighted estimator were determined. We included 1083 patients, of which 118 had a history of TURP. Before matching, the non-TURP group differed from the TURP group with respect to GS (P= 0.047), prostate volume (mean: 45.19 vs 36.00 ml, P < 0.001), and PSA level (mean: 29.41 vs 15.11 ng ml-1, P= 0.001). After adjusting for age, PSA level, T stage, N stage, M stage, and GS, the TURP group showed higher risk of BCR (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-3.94, P= 0.004). After matching (ratio 1:4), patients who underwent TURP were still more likely to develop BCR according to the adjusted propensity score (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.05-3.79, P= 0.034). Among patients with PCa, those with a history of TURP were more likely to develop BCR after RP.

Follistatin-Like 1 Promotes Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis through the Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a novel profibrogenic factor that induces pulmonary fibrosis (PF) through the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling. Little is known about its effects on PF through the non-Smad signaling, like the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of FSTL1 in PF through the MAPK signaling pathway and its mechanisms in lung fibrogenesis.@*Methods@#PF was induced in Fstl1and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice with bleomycin. After 14 days, the mice were sacrificed, and lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; the hydroxyproline content was measured to confirm PF. The mRNA and protein level of FSTL1 and the change of MAPK phosphorylation were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The effect of Fstl1 deficiency on fibroblasts differentiation was measured by Western blotting and cell immunofluorescence. MAPK signaling activation was measured by Western blotting in Fstl1 and WT fibroblasts treated with recombinant human FSTL1 protein. We pretreated mouse lung fibroblast cells with inhibitors of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and analyzed their differentiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion by Western blotting, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis, and transwell assays. The Student's t-test was used to compare the differences between two groups.@*Results@#Fstl1 deficiency attenuated phosphorylation of the ERK, p38, and JNK signaling in bleomycin-induced fibrotic lung tissue 14 days after injury (0.67 ± 0.05 vs. 1.22 ± 0.03, t = 14.92, P = 0.0001; 0.41 ± 0.01 vs. 1.15 ± 0.07; t = 11.19; P = 0.0004; and 0.41 ± 0.01 vs. 1.07 ± 0.07, t = 8.92, P = 0.0009; respectively), compared with WT lungs at the same time and in primary lung fibroblasts (0.82 ± 0.01 vs. 1.01 ± 0.04, t = 4.06, P = 0.0150; 1.04 ± 0.03 vs. 1.24 ± 0.03, t = 4.44, P = 0.0100; and 0.76 ± 0.05 vs. 0.99 ± 0.05, t = 4.48, P = 0.0100; respectively), compared with TGF-β1-stimulated WT group. Recombinant human FSTL1 protein in lung fibroblasts enhanced TGF-β1-mediated phosphorylation of the ERK (1.19 ± 0.08 vs. 0.55 ± 0.04, t = 6.99, P = 0.0020), p38 (1.18 ± 0.04 vs. 0.66 ± 0.03, t = 11.20, P = 0.0020), and JNK (1.11 ± 0.01 vs. 0.84 ± 0.04, t = 6.53, P = 0.0030), compared with the TGF-β1-stimulated WT group. Fstl1-deficient fibroblasts showed reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression (0.70 ± 0.06 vs. 1.28 ± 0.11, t = 4.65, P = 0.0035, compared with the untreated WT group; 1.40 ± 0.05 vs. 1.76 ± 0.02, t = 6.31, P = 0.0007; compared with the TGF-β1-treated WT group). Compared with the corresponding condition in the control group, the TGF-β1/FSTL1-mediated α-SMA expression was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with an inhibitor of p38 (0.73 ± 0.01 vs. 1.13 ± 0.10, t = 3.92, P = 0.0078) and JNK (0.78 ± 0.03 vs. 1.08 ± 0.06, t = 4.40, P = 0.0046) signaling. The proliferation of mouse lung fibroblast cells (MLgs) significantly decreased after treatment of an inhibitor of p38 (0.30 ± 0.01 vs. 0.46 ± 0.03, t = 4.64, P = 0.0009), JNK (0.30 ± 0.01 vs. 0.49 ± 0.01, t = 12.84, P = 0.0001), and Smad2/3 (0.18 ± 0.02 vs. 0.46 ± 0.02, t = 12.69, P = 0.0001) signaling compared with the dimethylsulfoxide group. The migration and invasion cells of MLgs significantly decreased in medium pretreated with an inhibitor of p38 (70.17 ± 3.28 vs. 116.30 ± 7.11, t = 5.89, P = 0.0042 for the migratory cells; 19.87 ± 0.84 vs. 32.70 ± 0.95, t = 10.14, P = 0.0005 for the invasive cells), JNK (72.30 ± 3.85 vs. 116.30 ± 7.11, t = 5.44, P = 0.0056 for the migratory cells; 18.03 ± 0.94 vs. 32.70 ± 0.95, t = 11.00, P = 0.0004 for the invasive cells), and Smad2/3 (64.76 ± 1.41 vs. 116.30 ± 7.11, t = 7.11, P = 0.0021 for the migratory cells; 18.03 ± 0.94 vs. 32.70 ± 0.95, t = 13.29, P = 0.0002 for the invasive cells) signaling compared with the corresponding condition in the dimethylsulfoxide group.@*Conclusion@#FSTL1 affects lung fibroblast differentiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion through p38 and JNK signaling, and in this way, it might influence the development of PF.

Clinical analysis of ten papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis patients with parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the treatment experience and surgical strategy in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis. Methods A retrospective review was performed on ten patients with PTC metastasis to parapharyngeal lymph node from January 2005 to August 2014. The treatment experience and surgical strategy were analyzed. Results Three patients accepted initial treatment and 7 patients had a history of surgical treatment prior to PTC. Parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis was diagnosed by imaging examination or fine needle aspiration cytology. Resection of lymph node metastasis was performed via transcervical approach and transmandibular approach. Total thyroidectomy and neck dissection were performed synchronously. All patients received 131I therapy after surgery and did not have recurrence in neck or parapharyngeal space. During follow-up, 3 patients died in 5 years because of lung metastasis, 3 patients survived with tumor , and 4 patients survived without recurrence. The 5-year overall survival rate was 7/10 and the 5-year disease-free was 4/10. Conclusions Parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis from PTC may occur in patients with previous neck dissection or widespread cervical metastases. CT and MRI is helpful for establishing the diagnosis. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for this disease. PTC patients with parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis have a poor prognosis.

Content Analysis of Communication between Nurses during Preceptorship / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to explore communication between nurses during preceptorship. METHODS: A qualitative study, using content analysis was conducted. Semistructured interviews were held with 10 nurses working in urban hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 226 significant statements were selected from the data and classified into 4 categories and 23 subcategories. Communication experiences of new nurses' own performance were responses to reproach - acceptance and apology, and unresponsiveness due to feeling small and uncomfortable; responses to questions - misanswer; responses to directions - unconditional acceptance. Communication experiences of new nurses' performance by nurse preceptors were kindness, stigmatization, talking behind one's back, criticism and reproach, impolite words, and emotional expression. Communication experiences of nurse preceptors's own performance were directives, sympathy, reproach, unkindness, authoritative strictness, and nonverbal expression: being cold, and lessening of tension. Communication experiences of nurse preceptors' performance by new nurses were response to criticism - recognition and apology for mistakes, evasion of responsibility, and excuses; responses to explanations-active acceptance, and difficulty with communication due to lack of comprehension. CONCLUSION: These results provide deep understanding of nurses' communication during preceptorship and should help in developing comprehensive education programs for preceptor nurses and new nurses.

Comparative study on effect and safty of treating on calcaneus fractures with manipulative reduction with percutaneous K-wire fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effects and safty of manipulative reduction with percutaneous poking K-wire fixation for the treatment of the calcaneus fractures and analyze the indication of the minimal invasion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 2008 to December 2011,135 closed calcaneal fractures cases were divided randomly into poking group and plate group, treated respectively by percutaneous poking reduction and operative reduction. In poking group, there were 69 cases (82 feet) including 60 males and 9 females, with an average age of (43.29+/-10.46) years ranging from 18 to 64 years; 30 cases of left, 26 cases of right and 13 cases of double; 54 feet of Essex-Lopresti classification tongue form, 28 feet of joint compression; 33 feet of Sanders type II ,49 of type III. In plate group, there were 66 cases (75 feet) including 58 males and 8 females,with an average age of (46.00+/-2.42) years ranging from 21 to 63 years; 31 cases of left, 26 cases of right and 9 cases of double; 48 feet of Essex-Lopresti classification tongue form, 27 feet of joint compression; 28 feet of Sanders type II, 47 of type III. According to Kerr scoring standard,clinical effects and complications were evaluated combining with Sanders and Essex-Lopresti classification.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 135 cases were followed up after 24 weeks. Fractures were recoveried in 8 to 12 weeks (means 10.2 weeks). In poking group, there were 2 cases of infection, 5 cases of wire movement; in plate group,18 cases of wound local skin necrosis, 5 cases of calf intestines nerve injured; there were statistical significant (P<0.05). Postoperative evaluation of Sanders type II after 24 weeks, the proportion of excellent results was above 70%,and there were no significant differences on effects of tongue form and compressing form of calcaneus fractures with percutaneous poking and operative redution (P>0.05). In the caes of Sanders type III, there were no significant differences on effects of tongue form fractures with percutaneous poking and operative reduction (P>0.05). There were significant differences on effects and complications of compressing form fractures (P<0.01), operative reduction better than percutaneous poking. Pain, walking,Kerr scoring of tongue form fractures of Sanders II , III with poking reduction were better than compression fractures. In compression fractures of Sanders Ill, plate internal fixation was better than poking redution in working and walking function, there were significant difference (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For tongue form or compressing form of Sanders type II and tongue form of Sanders type III, manipulative reduction with percutaneous poking K-wire fixation has advantages of minimal invasion, minimized complications. Compressing form of Sanders type III fracture should be treated with operative redution.</p>

Association between Plasma Vitamin D Level and Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity / 대한골다공증학회지

OBJECTIVES: Low 25 (OH) vitamin D increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is related with arterial stiffness, can be used evaluate the severity of systemic atherosclerosis. Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) is affected by sex, age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference. We evaluated determinants of PWV in Korean adults andits associationwith the plasma vitamin D level and arterial stiffness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 178 adults (>age of 20) who visited thehealth promotion center. We investigated medical history, medication, smoking and alcohol use by means of questionnaire. We measuredblood pressure, pulse rate, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile, hs-CRP, plasma 25 (OH) vitamin D level, and baPWV. We then analyzed retrospectively the relationship between baPWV and various risk factors. RESULTS: The mean ages in 97 males and 81 females were 47.9+/-13 and 43.6+/-11.4 years, respectively. baPWV is correlated with age, BMI, waist, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HTN, DM, total cholesterol, triglyceride, hs-CRP, and 25 (OH) vitamin D. We found out that age (beta=7.49, P<0.001), BMI (beta=-10.05, P=0.023), SBP (beta=7.69, P<0.001), TG (beta=111.41, P=0.039), and fasting glucose (beta=1.447, P=0.561) were independent predictors of baPWVafter performing multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: baPWV was affected by age, SBP, BMI, TG, and fasting glucose. Deficiency of 25 (OH) vitamin Dwas not associated with baPWV after adjusting the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in this study group.

Study on the correlation between syndrome differ classification of knee osteoarthritis and X-ray image / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the correlation between syndrome differ classification of knee osteoarthritis and X-ray image, so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Jun. 2007 to Dec. 2007, 78 patients (108 knees) with knee osteoarthritis were reviewed, including 65 females (89 knees) and 13 males (19 knees), ranging in age from 41 to 77 years. According to the standards for the differentiation of syndrome in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis defined in Principle of Clinical Research for New Traditional Herbs, the patients were divided into three types: Type I, insufficiency of the liver and kidney, with stagnation of tendons and muscles, 43 knees; Type II, insufficiency of the spleen and kidney, with dampness infusion into bone and joints, 26 knees; Type I, deficiency of the liver and kidney, with inter-obstruction of phlegm and stasis 39 knees. Normotopia and lateral plain film of knee joint of weigh loading and in erect position, and patellofemoral Skyline plain flim was taken. Joint space narrow, osteophyte generation, subchondral osteosclerosis and subchondral cystic degeneration were evaluated. All data were analyzed by K independent samples nonparametric test in order to find out the correlation between syndrome differ classification of knee osteoarthritis and X-ray image.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was shown that after K independent samples nonparametric test about syndrome differ classification of knee osteoarthritis and X-ray image: there were significant differences among three types about lateral patella osteophyte, condyles of tibia osteophyte and Type II was the most serious, Type I was secondary, Type II was the lightest. Other index had no obvious difference among the three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is certain correlation between syndrome differ classification of knee osteoarthritis and X-ray image. There are significant differences among three types about lateral patella osteophyte, condyles of tibia osteophyte, the Type II is the most serious,Type I is secondary, Type II is the lightest. Consequently, it can be deduced that worse osteophyte is one of accordances of Type II-insufficiency of the spleen and kidney, with dampness infusion into bone and joints. And, the Type II is more serious stage in radiologic manifestation.</p>

Comparison of Frequency Doubling Technology Perimeter and RNFL Photography for Early Diagnosis of Glaucoma

PURPOSE: To compare the frequency doubling technology perimeter (FDT) with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photography as a tool for the early detection of glaucoma. METHODS: Ninety-eight eyes of 98 patients were evaluated over a period of 3 months. According to the results of RNFL photography and FDT, Patients were divided into four groups based on the results of RNFL photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). A comparison of the RNFL thickness of each group was performed using the OCT results. RESULTS: RNFL thickness in the group with abnormal FDT and normal RNFL were significantly decreased from those in the group with normal FDT and RNFL photography at the 6, 7 and, 10 o'clock area (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were statistically significant differences in the RNFL thickness between the group with abnormal FDT and normal RNFL photography, and the group with normal FDT and RNFL photography within the limited areas. These results imply that FDT is more useful for the early detection of glaucoma than RNFL photography.

Study on the relationship between clinical syndromes and X-ray manifestation of knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between clinical syndromes and X-ray manifestation of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-eight patients (108 knees) with KOA from out-patient clinic of orthopedic were collected, aged from 41 to 77, including 65 females (89 knees) and 13 males (19 knees). Questionnair investigation of Lequesne index was performed among all these patients and the Lequesne index was calculated. And all these patients were divided into two groups, mild group (Lequesne index < or = 8) and severe group (Lequesne index > 8). Weight-bearing anteriorposterior and lateral plain film of knee joint and patellofemoral Skyline plain flim was taken. Joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, subchondral osteosclerosis and subchondral cystic degeneration were evaluated. The lower limb alignment and lateral patella angle were detected. The correlation of the Lequesne index and X-ray manifestation was analyzed by logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences between mild and severe groups in the following indexes: lateral tibiofemoral joint space narrowing, the medial retropatellar space narrowing, medial and lateral tibia osteophytes, medial and tibial femur femur osteophytes, medial and lateral trochlea osteophytes, lateral patella osteophytes, tibia introcondylar osteophytes (P<0.05). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the lateral femur osteophytes were the most important radiologic manifestation to evaluate the severity degree of KOA,with the minimum associated probability (0.009) and the maximum wald value (6.779).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When evaluating the severity degree of KOA,the joint space narrowing and osteophytes are the most sigenificant radiologic manifestation which includs the lateral tibiofemoral joint space narrowing, the medial retropatellar space narrowing, medial and lateral tibia osteophytes, medial and lateral femur osteophytes, medial and lateral trochlea osteophytes, lateral patella osteophyte, tibial intercondylar osteophyte.</p>

Accuracy of Partial Coherence Interferometry in Intraocular Lens Power Calculation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy and the influencing factors of partial coherence interferometry in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for cataract surgery. METHODS: In 86 eyes of 69 patients who had undergone cataract surgery, we measured axial length using both IOLMaster and contact type ultrasonography, calculated the target refraction with SRK II formula and compared the result with the measured value after operation. We also evaluated the factors influencing the accuracy of the power calculation such as age, sex, type of cataract, severity of nucleosclerosis, corneal power, and preoperative refraction. RESULTS: In IOLMaster and contact type ultrasonography, the mean axial lengths were 23.70 +/- 1.27 mm and 23.55 +/- 1.28 mm (p<0.01), and the mean absolute errors (MAE) of refraction were 0.53 +/- 0.26D and 0.66 +/- 0.39D (p<0.01) respectively. The eyes of longer axial length showed larger MAE than those of shorter axial length (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Partial coherence interferometry was more accurate than contact type ultrasonography in IOL power calculation. The factor associated with the accuracy of partial coherence interferometry was the axial length.

Polymorphism of short tandem repeat of exon 5 of MHC class-I chain related gene A and association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a southern Chinese population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between the short tandem repeat polymorphism of exon 5 of MICA gene (MICA-STR) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a southern Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-seven consecutive NPC patients and 112 randomly selected normal controls residing in southern China mainland were analyzed for MICA-STR allelic variation and MICA gene deletion by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction-gene scanning and polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific priming.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MICA*A9 was observed at significantly higher frequency in the NPC patient group than in the control group (relative risk = 2.524, P = 0.001,Pc = 0.006); whereas MICA*A5.1 was present at significantly lower frequency in the NPC patient group than in the control group (RR = 0.418, P = 0.0004, Pc = 0.0026). Further analysis revealed that MICA*A9 was over-represented in male NPC patients, compared with male controls (RR = 3.23, P = 0.00095, Pc = 0.006); whereas MICA*A5.1 was present at significantly lower frequency in male NPC patients, compared with male controls (RR = 0.372, P = 0.0007, Pc = 0.004). None of the MICA-STR variants showed statistically significant frequency difference between female NPC patients and female controls (Pc > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MICA-STR polymorphism is associated with NPC, and MICA*A9 is a genetic susceptibility marker of male individuals for NPC in a southern Chinese population.</p>

Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Changes after Laser Iridotomy or Trabeculectomy in Angle-closure Glaucoma

This study was performed to demonstrate the ultrasound, biomicroscopic and dimensional changes of angle structure after laser iridotomy (LI) and primary trabeculectomy (PT) in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Angle-opening distance at a point 500 (m from the scleral spur (AOD500), trabecular-iris angle (theta1), trabecular ciliary process distance (TCPD), ciliary process-iris angle (CPI), iris thickness (ID1, ID3), length of iris-lens contact distance (ILCD) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were assessed before and after each procedure. Thirteen patients with LI and 16 with PT were prospectively enrolled. There were statistically significant increases in AOD500, theta1, and ILCD in both groups. CPI was decreased in both groups. ACD, TCPD, and iris thickness were not changed significantly. The changes in angle configuration after LI or PT may result more from alterations in aqueous pressure gradients across the iris and the changes of configuration were greater in the iris roots without rotation of ciliary body. However, we didn't find any significant differences in the changes of parameters between the two procedures.

Long-term Follow-up Results of Glaucoma Triple Procedures in Patients with Angle-closure Glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy for glaucoma triple procedures of angle-closure glaucoma. METHODS: The author reviewed retrospectively 30 eyes (Group A) which had undergone triple procedures for coexisting angle-closure glaucoma and cataract. The results were compared with those of 30 eyes (Group B) which had undergone trabeculectomy for angle-closure glaucoma and 25 eyes (Group C) which had undergone glaucoma triple procedures for open-angle glaucoma. All patients were followed up for more than 3 years after operation at the Department of Ophthalmology in a hospital from November 1990 to December 1999. RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressures at the last follow-up were 16.1mmHg, 20.9mmHg and 19.7mmHg and the surgical success rates were 83.3%, 63.3% and 68.0% in the triple procedure group of angle-closure glaucoma, trabeculectomy-alone group and triple procedure group of open-angle glaucoma respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Triple procedures in angle-closure glaucoma showed good long-term results in IOP control compared with the trabeculectomy-alone group in angle-closure glaucoma.

Relationship Between Adeno-Associated Virus and High Risk Human Papilloma Viruses in Cervical Biopsies Using Microdissection Technique / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: Adeno associated virus (AAV) is a human DNA virus and is included in the Parvovirus family. AAV has been detected in cervical tissues as well as cervical cancer cell lines. Previous studies showed that AAV infection has some negative effects on HPV infection and that the cervical cancer cell growth is inhibited by AAV infection. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of AAV 2 infection and its possible roles for influencing HPV 16 and 18 infection in Korean women by analyzing adjacent normal, CIN, and invasive cervical cancer tissue samples. METHODS: CIN I (20), CIN II (24), CIN III (25), invasive cervical cancer (23) tissues were investigated by microdissection and PCR analyses using primers of HPV 16, 18 and AAV 2 as well as beta- globin as an internal control. RESULTS: AAV 2 was detected in 57 out of 92 cervical lesion biopsies. Among these, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and invasive cancer showed 55% (11/20), 95.8% (23/24), 52% (13/25) and 52.2% (12/23), respectively. However, HPV 16 was detected in 14 out of 92 cervical lesion biopsies. Among these, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and invasive cancer showed 0% (0/20), 8.3% (2/24), 24% (6/25) and 26.1% (6/23), respectively. HPV 18 was detected in 3 out of 92 cervical lesion biopsies. Among these, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and invasive cancer showed 0% (0/20), 4.2% (1/24), 8% (2/25) and 0% (0/23), respectively. In contrast, In 92 perilesional normal biopsies, AAV 2, HPV 16 and HPV 18 were detected to be 57.6% (53/92), 3.3% (3/92) and 0% (0/92), respectively. CONCLUSION: AAV 2 was detected in CIN and invasive cervical cancer biopsies by microdissection and PCR analyses in Korean women. It is difficult to confirm any significant roles of AAV 2 infection for developing cervical cancer. However, we observe that there is some correlation between AAV 2 and HPV infection in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. Further research remains to be done to further elucidate AAV 2 infection and its role for HPV infection and cervical cancer.

The Effects of Green Tea Extracts (Polyphenon E, EGCG) in Human Papilloma Virus Positive Cervical Lesion / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: We tried to confirm the effects of green tea extracts (polyphenon E, EGCG) in patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) positive cervical lesion. METHODS: We divided 51 HPV positive cervical lesion patients (chronic cervicitis, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia) into 4 group and 37 patient as placebo control. We applied poly E ointment two times per week (27 patients), poly E ointment plus poly E capsule (8 patients), poly E capsule (6 patients), EGCG capsule (10 patients) 200 mg each for 8 to 12 weeks. RESULTS: Among 27 patients with poly E ointment group, 20 patients responded (74%), such as chronic cervicitis (12/18), mild dysplasia (4/5), moderate dysplasia (2/2) and severe dysplasia (1/2). Among 8 patients with poly E ointment and poly E capsule group, 6 patients responded (75%), 6 patients poly E capsule group responded 3 patients (50%). 10 EGCG capsule patients group responded 6 patients (60%). Overall responsive rate is 69% (35/51) in case of green tea extracted treated group and 10% (4/39) in placebo controlled group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The effects of green tea extract in HPV positive cervical lesion were statistically significant (P<0.05). This result suggests that green tea extract has highly potential of new treatment agent for HPV infected cervical lesion.