Modelo assistencial para pacientes com asma na atenção primária / Assistance model for patients with asthma in the primary care

Para que haja estruturação de um programa voltado ao controle e prevenção de agravos da asma, é necessário que se estabeleçam ações de regionalização, planejamento e gerenciamento. Hoje, as Portarias Ministeriais permitem que cada município trate suas necessidades com iniciativas locais, baseadas na busca dos indicadores de saúde em parceria com a universidade. Nesse contexto, torna-se factível a implantação de um modelo ideal por meio de demanda organizada por fluxo de atendimento e estrutura física, além da dispensação de medicamentos e capacitação profissional. Objetiva-se a descrição da situação atual modus operandi das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) para captação, diagnóstico e seguimento do paciente com asma, assim como da situação atual quanto aos perfis profissional e setorial. Apresenta-se um modelo assistencial para captação, diagnóstico e seguimento do asmático na atenção primária. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica baseada na literatura especializada, por meio de consulta a artigos científicos selecionados pelos bancos de dados SciELO e Bireme, a partir das fontes Medline e Lilacs. Foi criado um Comitê composto por membros que representam a Secretaria de Saúde, a universidade e as sociedades científicas para discussão e planificação.

To create a program structured for the control and prevention towards asthma worsening, it is necessary to settle down actions of regionalization, planning and management. Currently, the Ministerial orders allow each municipality district to cope their needs with local initiatives, based on the search of the health indicators with University partnerships. Taking into account this context, it is feasible the implantation of an effective model through organized demand of attendance flow and physical structure, besides the withdrawal of medications and professional training. To describe the modus operandi situation currently in the Primary Health Care Units regarding these patients' reception, diagnosis, and follow-up, as well as the current situation according to the professional profile and sector. To introduce an assistance model for reception, of these patients in these primary care units. This is a bibliographical review based on the specialized literature such as scientific papers selected through the search on the SciELO and Bireme databases, from Medline and Lilacs data sources. A Committee was set up by members from the Health and Service , the Medical School, and scientific societies for discussion and planning.

Recurrent pneumonia caused by genetic immunodeficiency: a prophylactic and rehabilitative approach

Recurrent infections are a consequence of a series of genetic diseases characterized by deficiency in the immunological response. One of these diseases is the agammaglobulinemia, which is characterized by the basic defect in the maturation of lymphocytes B. The carrier of this kind of immunodeficiency, which is linked to the X (XLA) chromosome, has had primary pneumonias that have evolved into secondary pneumonias (chronic lungs with sequelae) after the third or fourth year of life. The clinical and rehabilitative quest for prophylaxis against the XLA immunodeficiency is accomplished in order to avoid the evolution of the bacterial infection into sequelae and loss of pulmonary function, which propitiates the recurrence of the disease and deteriorates the life quality of the patient. Forty cases of recurrent respiratory infections were studied. Some of them were associated with primary respiratory diseases without investigation of serum immunoglobulins and some were not. Casuistics was performed according to data from medical records with pertinent treatments collected from January 1997 to September 2004 at the Specialized Physiotherapy Center. Age average was 2.7 years of life. It is statistically impossible to precise results concerning only the immunosuppressed patients due to the lack of specific diagnosis. That is explained by the fact that recurrent XLA pneumonias may be attributed to the gastroesophageal reflux disease or to bronchial asthma. However, the improved results showed by the pulmonary function as preventive strategy were attributed to the respiratory physiotherapy, since intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapies were not performed. Respiratory physiotherapy acts as a supportive factor in the healing process and occupies a fundamental role in the prophylaxis against recurrent respiratory clinical features, especially those of obstructive and secretionary characteristics.

Polimorfismos GSTT1 e GSTM1 em indivíduos tabagistas com carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço / GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphism in cigarette smokers with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

A variabilidade em genes relacionados aos processos de ativação e detoxificação de carcinógenos pode interferir na suscetibilidade ao câncer. OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre os polimorfismos GSTT1 e GSTM1 nulos e o risco para o carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço em indivíduos tabagistas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Este estudo caso-controle foi realizado na Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Brasil. Foram avaliadas as freqüências dos genótipos nulos GSTT1 e GSTM1 por PCR multiplex em 60 pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço e 60 indivíduos sem a doença. RESULTADOS: A cavidade oral foi o sítio de tumor mais freqüente. O genótipo GSTT1 nulo foi encontrado em 33,3 por cento dos pacientes e em 23,3 por cento dos indivíduos controles (p=0,311). Os grupos caso e controle apresentaram freqüências do genótipo GSTM1 nulo de 35 por cento e 48,3 por cento, respectivamente (p=0,582). Não foram encontradas associações entre o hábito etilista e genótipos nulos GSTT1 e GSTM1 em ambos os grupos (valores de p>0,05). O gênero masculino e o hábito etilista foram prevalentes em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo não foi possível estabelecer uma correlação entre os genótipos nulos GSTT1 e GSTM1 e o carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço em indivíduos tabagistas.

Gene variability related to carcinogen activation and detoxification may interfere with susceptibility to head and neck cancer. AIM: To investigate the relation between GSTT1 and GSTM1 null polymorphisms and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in cigarette smokers. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A case-control study conducted at the Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Brazil. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies were evaluated by multiplex PCR in 45 cigarette smokers with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and 45 cigarette smokers without this disease. RESULTS: The oral cavity was the most prevalent tumor site for squamous cell carcinoma. The GSTT1 null genotype was found in 33.3 percent of the Experimental Group and 23.3 percent of the Control Group (p= 0.311). Experimental and Control Groups had GSTM1 null genotype frequencies of 35 percent and 48.3 percent (p=0.582). No association between alcohol consumption and GSTT1 and GSTMI null genotypes was found in these groups (p-values>0.05). There were more men, and alcohol consumption was prevalent in both groups. CONCLUSION: In this study we were unable to show a correlation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in cigarette smokers.