Analysis of tobacco exposure and risk factors of smoking in smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Shenzhen / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To clarify the status of tobacco exposure and identify risk factors of smoking among smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Shenzhen,in order to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of tuberculosis-tobacco control strategy in Shenzhen.Methods From January to December 2016,a special survey was carried out in 8 districts in Shenzhen.A unified questionnaire was used to make face to face interviews for 958 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in 2016.Descriptive statistics was conducted to analyze the status of tobacco exposure.Single factor analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to identify the important risk factors of smoking.Results Among smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Shenzhen,the rates of general smoking,current smoking,regular smoking were 40.9％,34.2％ and 30％,respectively.All smoking rates were higher among male than female participants (x2=255.226,197.463 and 162.707,respectively,and the P values were all＜0.001);164cases of heavy smokers accounted for 50.0％ of current smokers.Among 392 smokers,64 had quitted smoking,and the rate of smoking cessation was 16.3％.Among 566 nonsmokers,the rate of passive smoking from cohabiting smokers was 17.8％ (101/566),and it was higher in female than male participants (23.1％ vs.12.3％,x2=11.219,P=0.001).In single factor analysis,gender,work or living environment,age,education level,marital status,and body mass index were closely related to smoking (x2=255.226,28.375,40.922,29.585,9.117,and 7.052,respectively,and the P values were all＜0.05).In multiple logistic regression,the major risk factors for smoking included in the model were gender (x2=120.797,P＜0.001),age (x2=5.728,P=0.017),education level (x2=17.159,P＜0.001),mode of case-finding (x2=3.670,P=0.055),work or living environment (x2=6.039,P=0.049),and marital status (x2=5.091,P=0.078).Conclusion The smoking status of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients was serious in Shenzhen.Tuberculosis patients were the key smokers.We should provide accurate intervention and health guidance for patients,such as,macro policy guidance,instillation of knowledge,mental health intervention,and smoke-free environment.

Expression profiles of Th17 pathway-related genes in patients with syphilis serofast reaction analyzed by PCR-Array technique / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To detect the expression of Th17 pathway-related genes in patients with syphilis serofast reaction and to investigate the mechanism of Th17 cells in syphilis serofast reaction. Meth-ods Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with syphilis serofast reaction ( n=8 ) , patients who were syphilis-seronegative after treatment (n=8) and healthy subjects (n=8). Total RNA was extrac-ted from each blood sample and then reversely transcribed into cDNA. PCR-Array analysis was performed to quantify the expression levels of Th17 pathway-related genes. Results The expression levels of genes with a fold change >2 (up or down regulated) were defined as differentially expressed. (1) Compared with the control group, the patients with syphilis serofast reaction showed increased expression of genes encoding fork-head box protein 3 (Foxp3) and IL-10, but decreased expression of genes encoding C-C motif chemokine 22 (CCL22), colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), CSF3, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (CXCL6), IL-17A, IL-17D, IL-21, IL-23R, IL-9, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), RAR-related orphan receptorα( RORα) , RAR-related orphan receptor γ ( RORγ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (2) Compared with the seronegative syphilis group, the expression levels of genes encoding Foxp3 and IL-10 in patients with syphilis serofast reaction were up-regulated, while the expression of genes encoding CCL22, CSF2, CSF3, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23R, IRF4, RORγ and STAT3 were down-regulated. (3) The expression levels of genes encoding CXCL6 and IL-9 in seronegative syphilis group were lower than those in control group. Conclusion The abnormal expression of Th17 pathway-related genes might relate to the pathogenesis of serofast state of syphilis.

Contact tracing of pregnant women infected with syphilis and the associated factors / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the current status of contact tracing among pregnant women infected with syphilis and to analyze the associated factors from patients' perspective.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pregnant women who aged 18 years old, receiving prenatal care services in Shenzhen, diagnosed with syphilis according to national diagnostic criteria (WS 273-2007) from 2008 to 2011 were recruited and the total number was 3 551. Information of both pregnant women (including demographic information, laboratory results, syphilis diagnosis, and personal life history) and their partners (including results of partner tracing and laboratory examination) were collected with structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression model was applied to analyze the factors associated with partners' contract tracing. Odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidential interval (95%CI) were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age was 28.72 among recruited 3 551 syphilis-infected pregnant women, with standard deviation of 5.21 and range of 18 to 40. Totally 2 550 partners attended antenatal clinics and received syphilis examination, with a contact tracing rate of 71.81%. The OR(95%CI) was 1.70(1.26-2.30) for pregnant women with college or above education when comparing with those with senior high school or below education. The OR(95%CI) was 0.57(0.45-0.71) for those unmarried or divorce when comparing with those married. The OR (95% CI) was 0.73(0.56-0.94) and 0.65(0.53-0.81) for those screened in 28-36 gestational weeks and those screened in >36 gestational weeks or right before delivery separately, when comparing with those screened in ≤27 gestational weeks. The OR (95% CI) was 1.45(1.14-1.84) for those having received sufficient treatment before pregnancy when comparing with those diagnosed with latent syphilis. The OR(95%CI) was 0.31 (0.24-0.39) for those having no treatment or not standardized treatment when comparing with those having standardized penicillin treatment. The OR(95%CI) was 0.53 (0.43-0.65) for those terminating the pregnancy when comparing with those giving birth to a baby. The OR(95%CI) was 1.24 (1.05-1.46) for those having two or more love histories when comparing with those having only one love history. The OR(95%CI) was 4.74 (3.54-6.35) for those intending to disclose the serostatus to their partner when comparing with those showing unwillingness to disclose the serostatus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The successful rate of contact tracing among pregnant women infected with syphilis was high. The implementation of contact tracing may be affected by many factors, including patients' education levels, marital status, gestational weeks of screening, stage of syphilis, treatment status, outcome of pregnancy, number of love histories, and willingness of serostatus disclosure.</p>

Sequence analysis and genotyping of genital Chlamydia trachomatis among patients with suspected-Neisseria gonorrhoeae / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence rate of genital Chlamydia trachomatis among a population with suspected-Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection,the distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes,assess changes in omp1 sequences among patients with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis coinfections.Methods Four hundred and one swabs were collected.Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were detected by Roche Amplicor System.DNA were extracted from those samples and were amplified by nested PCR.PCR products were sequencing and analyzed by software Mega4.0.Results The prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection,Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and coinfection with genital gonorrhoea and genital chlamydia were 82.3%,24.2% and 21.7% each.Eight genotypes were identified in 73 sequences,including E(27.4%),G/Ga(23.3%),D/Da(16.4%),F(13.7%),J (11.0%),H(5.5%),B and K(each 1.4%).Sequencing analysis showed that 3 cases(4.1%) had missense mutation,including genotype D/Da,E,G/Ga.Genotypes F,H,J and K were more variable,however,most of them were silent mutation.Conclusion The prevalence rate of genital Chlamydia trachomatis among a population with Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection was high.The most common genotypes were genotype E,G/Ga,D/Da and F; Sequencing analysis has provided a tool for the molecular epidemiology of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

Temporal and spatial distribution as well as prediction model of sexually transmitted diseases in elderly men in Shenzhen / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To analyze the status quo of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of the elderly in recent years in Shenzhen, to explore the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution,and to establish prediction model of STDs of the elderly in Shenzhen. MethodsUsing the surveillance system data of STDs from 2005 to 2009 in Shenzhen city, the incidence, temporal and spatial distribution of syphilis and gonorrhea were analyzed in the elderly aged 50 years and over by SaTScan. The incidence prediction model of STDs was established by Eviews 5.0.Results (1)The incidences of the two kinds of STDs from 2005 to 2009 in Shenzhen were on the rise and on more marked increase in male than in female. The rising velocity in over-60 year age group was similar with in 50-59 year age group. The rising velocity of syphilis was faster than gonorrhea. (2)The space-time distribution analysis showed there were clusters of the STDs in elderly men in 2005 in Lianhua and Meilin districts (P = 0. 026, RR= 2.13). (3) ARIMA (0, 1,1) (0,0, 1) 12 model was a suitable forecasting model for STDs in elderly men in Shenzhen. Conclusions

The genetic polymorphisms of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR among female sex workers / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To determine the genetic polymorphisms of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR among HIV negative Chinese female sex workers. Methods The 69 bp tandem repeat numbers in exon 4 of the DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR were examined by PCR in 234 HIV-1-seronegative female commercial sex workers. Results It was found that 4 of 234 individuals were heterozygous in DC-SIGN. For DC-SIGNR, the allele frequencies were seven times repeated in 65.2%, 5 in 18.4%, and 9 in 11.9%. Those patterns of alleles frequencies were significantly different compared with those reported in the Caucasians residing in Europe. Conclusion Polymorphisms of DC-SIGN repeat region seem to be infrequent in Chinese female sex workers and those of DC-SIGNR are different from what reported in other races.