Effect of Flower Removal on Content of Three Alkaloids in Different Parts of Fritillaria thunbergii from Different Regions and at Different Growth Stages / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of flower removal on the content of three alkaloids in different parts of Fritillaria thunbergii from different regions and at different growth stages. MethodThe content of peiminine， peimine， and peimisine in the bulb， root， stem， and leaf of F. thunbergii after flower removal and with flower un-removed at different growth stages and in different regions were determined simultaneously by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection （UPLC-ELSD） method. The UPLC was conducted on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column （2.1 mm × 150 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of 0.02% triethylamine aqueous solution （A） and methanol （B）elution gradient（0-2 min， 45%A； 2-5 min， 45%-25%A； 5-7 min， 25%A； 7-17 min， 25%-10%A； 17-20 min， 10%A）， flow velocity of 0.20 mL·min-1， column temperature 35 °C， sample room temperature of 20 °C， and injection volume of 3 µL. The ELSD was carried out at drift tube temperature 45 °C and with the sprayer parameter of 40%. ResultThe flower removal significantly increased the yield of F. thunbergii. At the budding stage， the alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii from Ningbo in Zhejiang， Pan'an in Zhejiang， and Nantong in Jiangsu after flower removal were significantly higher than that of flowering un-removal treatment， while it showed no significant difference between the flower removal and un-removal treatments for the samples from Fengjie in Chongqing. At the flowering stage， the alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii from Nantong in Jiangsu after flower removal was significantly higher than that of flower un-removal treatment， while it showed an opposite trend for the samples from Pan'an in Zhejiang and Fengjie in Chongqing and had no significant difference between the two treatments for the samples from Ningbo in Zhejiang. At the bulb expansion stage， the alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii from Ningbo in Zhejiang and Pan’an in Zhejiang after flower removal were significantly higher than that of flower un-removal treatment， which was opposite for the samples from Nantong in Jiangsu and had no significant difference between the treatments for the samples from Fengjie in Chongqing. At the harvest stage， except for the samples from Pan'an in Zhejiang， the samples from the rest 3 regions showed decreased alkaloid content in the bulb after flower removal compared with that of flower un-removal treatment. The alkaloid content in the leaf was higher than that in the bulb of F. thunbergii at all growth stages and from different origins. ConclusionFlower removal can increase the yield of F. thunbergii. The alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii with flower removed was higher than that with flower un-removed at the budding stage， while this trend was reversed at the harvest stage. Both the yield and the alkaloid content of F. thunbergii from Pan'an in Zhejiang were increased by flower removal. The above-ground part of F. thunbergii has a potential development value.

Effects of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on Physiological Characteristics and Inorganic Elements in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effects of different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） on the growth of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings and the quality of its medicinal parts， in order to provide reference for the cultivation of high-quality P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. MethodThe pot culture experiment at room temperature and the single-factor completely random design were employed for exploring the effects of five PGPR on physiological characteristics and inorganic elements of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. ResultThe results showed that the exogenous inoculation of different PGPR promoted the growth and development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to varying degrees， delayed the senescence of leaves， and improved the medicinal value of new and old rhizomes. Compared with the non-inoculated control， the exogenous inoculation of compound microbial fertilizer （FH） and microbial agent Sanju Guanjin liquid （SJ） enhanced the root vigor， increased the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes ［superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and peroxidase （POD）］， and reduced the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves. Their inhibition rates against MDA were 10.46%-39.62% and 20.99%-53.12%， respectively. With the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis， the inhibition rate against MDA gradually increased， which effectively delayed the senescence of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaves. In addition， the exogenous inoculation of different PGPR promoted the accumulation of nutrient elements in new and old rhizomes， lowered the heavy metal content to varying degrees， and improved the medicinal value of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes. ConclusionFH and SJ have exhibited the best promoting effect on the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings and also the best regulatory effect on the medicinal value of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes， which has provided reference for the application and promotion of PGPR in the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Cannulation related complications and prevention for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: clinical report and reviews of experience of 34 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the cannulation strategies and associated vascular complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to investigate the etiology and preventive procedures for those complications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2007 to December 2011, 34 patients (21 male and 13 female patients, aged from 23 to 66 years) underwent ECMO support through open approach, semi-Seldinger method or full Seldinger method of cannulation. Bleeding and limb ischemia related to the approach as major complications were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ECMO duration were 2 to 21 days. Twenty-four patients (70.6%) successfully weaned from ECMO and 18 patients (52.9%) discharged. The venoarterial mode was used in 26 patients, and venovenous mode in 8 patients. Eight patients (30.8%, 6 for open approach and 2 for semi-seldinger) observed with limb ischemia, 2 of them required amputation, 1 had claudicatory sequela. Eleven and 6 patients suffered from bleeding and vessel injury respectively, all of them recovered by suitable treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The proper size of cannula, optimal approch and position adjustment, accurate cannula placement and carefully attendance are the key points to decrease the cannulation related complications.</p>

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during double-lung transplantation: single center experience / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>For patients with end-stage lung diseases, lung transplantation is the final therapeutic option. Sequential double-lung transplantation is recognized as an established procedure to avoid cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). But some of the sequential double-lung transplantations require CPB support during the surgical procedure for various reasons. However, conventional CPB may increase the risk of bleeding and early allograft dysfunction. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is more advantageous than conventional CPB during the perioperative period of transplantation. Replacing traditional CPB with ECMO is promising for those patients needing cardiopulmonary support during a sequential double-lung transplantation procedure. This study aimed to summarize the preliminary experience of ECMO practice in lung transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between November 2002 and October 2008, twelve patients with end-stage lung diseases undergoing sequential double-lung transplantation were subjected to ECMO during the surgical procedure. Eleven patients were prepared for the procedure via transverse thoracostomy (clamshell) and cannulated through the ascending aorta and right atrium for ECMO. The first patient who underwent bilateral thoracotomy for bilateral sequential lung transplantation required emergency ECMO via the femoral artery and vein during the second lung implantation. The Medtronic centrifugal pump and ECMO package (CB1V97R1, Medtronic, Inc., USA) were used for all of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During ECMO, the blood flow rate was set between 1.8 - 2.0 L x m(-2) x min(-1) to keep hemodynamic and oxygen saturation stable; colloid oncotic pressure was maintained at more than 18 mmHg with albumin and hematocrit (HCT) kept at 28% or more. Two patients died early in this series and the other 10 patients were weaned from ECMO successfully. The duration of ECMO was 1.38 - 67.00 hours, and postoperative intubation was 10.5 - 67.0 hours.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>As an established technique of cardiopulmonary support, ECMO is helpful to keep hemodynamics stable, while reducing risk factors such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, anticoagulation requirement and systemic inflammatory response for sequential double-lung transplantation compared with conventional CPB.</p>

The effects of pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures by radial artery pressure and waveform: the preliminary evaluation / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the possibility of radial artery pressure and waveform as a convenient definition of pulsatile flow and the the effect of pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2008 to December, Eighty patients underwent open heart surgery were randomly divided into a pulsatile group (P, n=45) and a nonpulsatile group (NP, n=35). Monitored by radial artery pressure and waveform, the pulsatile low was applied from the point of the aortic cross-clamp until its release in P group. A P group of patients whose radial artery pressure and waveform revealed "double peak" or "single peak" (>30 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) were compared with NP group. Parameters examined were lactate, urine volume, high sensitivity C reactive protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, blood uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, ratio of urine for occult blood test, prothrombin time and tracheal intubation time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The waveform with "double peak" or "single peak" (>30 mm Hg) presented in 35 (77.78%) in P group. The urine volume during CPB was significantly higher in P group. The lactate (P<0.01) during CPB, high sensitivity C reactive protein (P<0.05), increasing extend of lactic acid dehydrogenase (P<0.05) and the prothrombin time (P<0.01) after CPB were significantly lower in P group. The blood uric acid after CPB was increased in P group and decreased in NP group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Effective pulsatile flow can be generated by optimization of equipment and adjustment of pulsatile parameter. The radial artery pressure and waveform is a convenient definition of pulsatile flow. The pulsatile flow is predominant monitored by radial artery pressure and waveform.</p>