Research on antitumor active components and mechanisms of natural products / 药学学报

Tumor, especially malignant tumor has become one of the major diseases, a serious threat to the health of people around the world. Modern clinical practice shows that the natural active products extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, marine medicine and other natural drugs, such as terpenes, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils and peptides, can effectively inhibit the growth of tumor cells. In this paper, the active components of natural antitumor products in recent years were summarized and their related mechanism was elucidated, so as to provide theoretical basis for the further development of natural antitumor drugs.

Molecular characterization and efficacy evaluation of a transgenic corn event for insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

A transgenic maize event ZD12-6 expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) fusion protein Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and a modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) protein G10 was characterized and evaluated. Southern blot analysis indicated that ZD12-6 is a single copy integration event. The insert site was determined to be at chromosome 1 by border sequence analysis. Expression analyses of Bt fusion protein Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and the EPSPS protein G10 suggested that they are both expressed stably in different generations. Insect bioassays demonstrated that the transgenic plants are highly resistant to Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), cotton boll worm (Helicoverpa armigera), and armyworm (Mythimna separata). This study suggested that ZD12-6 has the potential to be developed into a commercial transgenic line.

Conversion mechanism of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in process of bran-fried Atractylodes lancea / 中草药

Objective: To study the mechanism of the content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) increasing after Atractylodes lancea in bran-processed. Methods: The fructose and glucose were processed with A. lancea bran-processed conditions and their contents were determined by HPLC. Besides, the content of fructose was measured and the changes were compared before and after processing. Results: Glucose samples did not detect 5-HMF in the processing conditions, but fructose samples detected 5-HMF in the same conditions. In addition, the content of fructose was significantly decreased in the best conditions while the content of 5-HMF increased the most. Conclusion: The content of 5-HMF remarkably increases mainly due to the conversion of fructose.

Interaction effects of breastfeeding and passive smoking on asthma and asthma related symptoms among children / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the interaction effects of breastfeeding and passive smoking on asthma and asthma related symptoms among children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using a cluster random sampling method, 2 elementary schools and 1 kindergarten were randomly selected from 7 cities of Liaoning province. The resulting 25 elementary schools and 50 kindergartens were included, and 31 049 children from the selected schools living up to 2 years were recruited in this survey. The information about the children's type of feeding up, living environment, passive smoking exposure, respiratory diseases and symptoms were collected. The interaction effects of breastfeeding and passive smoking on asthma and asthma related symptoms (persistent cough,persistent phlegm, current wheeze and allergic rhinitis) were evaluated with Glimmix procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 31 049 children involved in this investigation. The age was (8.32 ± 2.75) years old. There were 23 987 (77.26%) children with breastfeeding and 11 820 (38.07%) children with passive smoking. The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis were 6.22%(1491/23 987), 4.67%(1120/23 987) in children with breastfeeding, and were 7.70%(544/7062), 5.48%(387/7062) in children without breastfeeding,compared to the children without breastfeeding, the children with breastfeeding had lower risk of asthma(OR = 0.79, 95%CI:0.72-0.88) and allergic rhinitis(OR = 0.85, 95%CI:0.75-0.95); The prevalence of current wheeze was 7.89%(929/11 770) in children with father smoking, and was 5.37%(1036/19 279) in children without father smoking, compared to the children without father smoking, the children with father smoking increased the risk of current wheeze(OR = 1.51, 95%CI:1.38-1.65). The prevalence of persistent cough was 18.96%(51/269) in children with mother smoking, and was 9.51%(2926/30 780) in children without mother smoking,compared to the children without mother smoking, the children with mother smoking increased the risk of persistent cough(OR = 2.23, 95%CI:1.64-3.03). The prevalence of persistent phlegm was 5.69%(871/5316) in children with anyone smoking, and was 3.50%(550/15 733) in children without anyone smoking, compared to the children without anyone smoking, the children with anyone smoking increased the risk of persistent phlegm(OR = 1.67, 95%CI:1.49-1.86).Glimmix procedure analysis showed there was a significant interaction effects between breastfeeding and passive smoking. The estimated OR for father smoking among breastfeeding children were consistently lower than those among non-breastfeeding children for asthma. The estimated OR for mother smoking among breastfeeding children were consistently lower than those among non-breastfeeding children for allergic rhinitis. The estimated OR for anyone smoking among breastfeeding children were consistently lower than those among non-breastfeeding children for asthma and allergic rhinitis(all P values < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Breastfeeding decreases the detrimental effects of passive smoking on asthma and asthma related symptoms in children.</p>

Effects of indoor air pollution on asthma and asthma-related symptoms among children in Shenyang city / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of indoor air pollution and individual susceptible factors on prevalence of children's asthma and asthma-related symptoms in Shenyang city.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On April, 2007, 8733 Han children who were under age of 12 and lived for more than 2 years in Shenyang city, were selected from five administrative areas (one primary school and two kindergartens for each area) through cluster random sampling method. Information on children's general condition, asthma and related symptoms (including stridor, stridor symptoms, persistent cough, persistent phlegm), indoor air pollution, and susceptibility history were obtained by a standard questionnaire from the American Thoracic Society. The effects of indoor air pollution on asthma and asthma-related symptoms was analyzed through χ(2) test. Logistic regression was used to research the effects of risk factors on the prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms of both susceptible and non-susceptible children.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 8733 subjects, 4420 (50.6%) were boy and 4313 (49.4%) were girl, with the age of (8.08 ± 2.88) years old. The prevalence of asthma, current asthma, cough, persistent phlegm, stridor and stridor symptom were 6.4% (559 cases), 2.5% (215 cases), 9.6% (836 cases), 4.4% (386 cases), 17.5% (1524 cases) and 2.6% (229 cases) respectively. The prevalence of asthma the boys and girls were among 7.1% (313 cases) and 5.7% (246 cases) (χ(2) = 6.916, P < 0.05); and stridor symptom for them were 19.2% (850 cases), 15.6% (674 cases) (χ(2) = 19.678, P < 0.05), respectively. Passive smoking before two years old, house decoration and pet were related to asthma of children, and there was significant difference between the two groups. The prevalence of asthma of exposed children were 7.7% (312 cases), 9.5% (159 cases), 8.0% (270 cases), 9.0% (114 cases), respectively. Compared with the non-exposed children who had asthma, the prevalence of asthma were 5.7% (400 cases), 5.4% (289 cases), 6.0% (445 cases), the value of χ(2) were 33.646, 23.944 and 16.527 respectively (all P values < 0.05). Children who had family history of asthma, family history of allergy and allergy history were also related with asthma, the prevalence of asthma were 17.3% (106 cases), 13.1% (85 cases), 22.0% (147 cases), compared with the non-exposed children who had asthma, the prevalence of asthma were 5.5% (453), 5.9% (474), 5.1% (412), and there was significant difference between the two groups, the value of χ(2) were 130.522, 59.929 and 293.997, respectively (all P values < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that passive smoking (OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2 - 2.4), house decoration (OR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 1.9) and pet (OR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.1 - 2.3) were statistically significant to asthma in non-susceptible children. While passive smoking (OR = 1.3, 95%CI: 1.0 - 1.7) and house decoration (OR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1 - 1.7) were increased the risk of asthma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Indoor air pollution is a risk factor of children' s asthma. Family history of asthma and physical susceptible children are high risk to asthma, and susceptible children are easily influenced by other risk factors.</p>

Interactive effects of environmental tobacco smoke and pets ownership on respiratory diseases and symptoms in children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Over the past few decades, secondhand smoke exposure among children become more serious and with China's implementation of the national policy of family planning and the family structure change, domestic pet has gradually become popular. This survey aimed to investigate the interactive effects of pet ownership and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on children's respiratory diseases and symptoms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using a cluster random sampling method, 5 elementary schools and 10 kindergartens were randomly selected from each district of Shenyang, and all children from the selected schools were recruited in this survey. The information about the children's respiratory diseases, conditions of pets ownership and ETS exposure were collected by an international standard questionnaire from American Thoracic Society.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 9679 questionnaires were distributed to all the students enrolled in the selected schools, and 8798 completed questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 90.9%. Finally, 8733 questionnaires were used for further analysis. The results showed that the number of the patients and the prevalence of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, doctor-diagnosed asthma, current asthma, wheeze, and allergic rhinitis in children were 835 (9.57%), 366 (4.42%), 559 (6.40%), 215 (2.46%), 229 (2.62%), 397 (4.55%), respectively. After controlling for the effects of age, gender and other confounding factors, the results from the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that either pet ownership or the ETS exposure significantly increased the risk of prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms in children. Compared with control group children, only the prenatal exposure to passive smoking or domestic pets made the risk of children with allergic rhinitis increased respectively 34% (OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 0.99 - 1.80) and 106% (OR = 2.06, 95%CI = 1.28 - 3.31), while the exposure of these two factors made the risk of children with allergic rhinitis increased 376% (OR = 4.76, 95%CI = 2.65 - 8.85), compared with the separate effect, the range of increase was 2.5 times.There was a significant interaction between pet ownership and ETS exposure on persistent cough, persistent phlegm, and allergic rhinitis in children, whereas, the combined effects of these two factors on doctor-diagnosed asthma, current asthma, and wheeze was approximately as expected on the basis of their independent effects on an additive scale.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study provides evidence that pet ownership and ETS exposure increases the risk of respiratory diseases and symptoms in children, and there was a significant interaction effects between these two factors on some respiratory diseases and symptoms.</p>

The effects of breastfeeding on asthma and asthma related symptoms among children / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on asthma and asthma related symptoms among children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using a cluster random sampling method, 2 elementary schools and 1 kindergarten were randomly selected from each of the 5 districts of Shenyang, and a total of 10 elementary schools and 5 kindergartens were included, and 8733 children from the selected schools were recruited in this survey. The information about the type of feeding, living environment and respiratory diseases of the selected children from the time they were born was collected by an international standard questionnaire. Evaluating the effect of breastfeeding on asthma and asthma related symptoms (asthma, current asthma, current wheeze, persistent cough, persistent phlegm, and allergic rhinitis) by χ² test and logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 8733 children involved in this study. The age was (8.00 ± 2.88) years old. There were 6830 breastfed children. The percentage of breastfed children was 78.21%. In breastfed children, the prevalence of asthma, persistent phlegm and allergic rhinitis were 6.12% (418/6830), 3.97% (271/6830), 4.17% (285/6830), respectively. In non-breastfed children, the prevalence of asthma, persistent phlegm and allergic rhinitis were 7.41% (141/1903), 6.04% (115/1903), 5.89% (112/1903), respectively. Compared to the non-breastfed children, the breastfed children had significantly lower prevalence (all P values < 0.05). After adjustment for 302 cases of atopy history of children's mother, the results showed that in breastfed children, the prevalence of asthma, persistent phlegm and allergic rhinitis were 14.69% (36/245), 4.08% (10/245), 7.35% (18/245), respectively. In non-breastfed children, the prevalence of asthma, persistent phlegm and allergic rhinitis were 33.33% (19/57), 14.04% (8/57), 17.54% (10/57), respectively. The breastfed children had statistically lower prevalence (all P values < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that breastfeeding was significantly associated with lower prevalence of asthma (OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.64 - 0.96), allergic rhinitis (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.57 - 0.90), persistent cough (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.69 - 0.96) and persistent expectoration (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.48 - 0.76).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Breastfed children had lower prevalence of asthma and asthma related symptoms compared with non-breastfed children.</p>