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Objective@#Patients with late life depression sometimes refuse to receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) owing to its adverse reactions. To alleviate patient’s resistance, a novel ECT stimulation strategy named mixed-strategy ECT (msECT) was designed in which patients are administered conventional ECT during the first three sessions, followed by low energy stimulation during the subsequent sessions. However, whether low energy electrical stimulation in the subsequent stage of therapy affect its efficacy and reduce adverse reactions in patients with late life depression remains unknown. To explore differences between msECT and regular ECT(RECT) with respect to clinical efficacy and side effects @*Methods@#This randomized, controlled trial was conducted from 2019 to 2021 on 60 patients with late life depression who were randomly assigned to two groups: RECT or msECT. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to compare the two stimulation strategies regarding their efficacy and side effects on cognition. Chi-squared test was used to compare side effects in the two strategies. @*Results@#In the intent-to-treat group, the GEE model suggested no differences between-group difference in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 score over time (Wald χ2=7.275, p=0.064), whereas the comparison of side effects in the two strategies favored msECT (Wald χ2=8.463, p=0.015) as fewer patients had adverse events during the second phase of treatment with msECT (χ2 =13.467, p=0.004). @*Conclusion@#msECT presents its similar efficacy to RECT. msECT may have milder side effects on cognition.
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Objective To explore the predictive value of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, energy metabolism and serum thyroid hormone levels on the severity and prognosis of patients with liver failure and their correlation. Methods This study collected clinicopathological data from 60 liver failure patients, e.g., end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, energy metabolism, and serum thyroid hormone levels. The χ 2 test was performed to analyze the categorical variables, while the Mann-Whitney U test and independent sample t test were performed to assess the continuous variables between the two groups. Spearman correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate correlation of each index. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the optimal cut-off points of serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels in predicting prognosis of the patients. Results The rates of low TT3 and FT3 levels in liver failure patients were 78.2% and 69.1%, respectively, whereas the low TT3 rates were 95.2% and 67.6% and the low FT3 rates were 90.5% and 55.9% in survival and non-survival groups of patients, respectively (both P < 0.05). Moreover, the MELD score was significantly higher in the non-survival patients than in survival patients [26.0(21.0-29.0) vs 21.0 (19.0-24.0), Z =-3.396, P =0.001], while TT3 and FT3 levels were significantly lower in the non-survival patients than in the survival patients [0.69(0.62-0.73) vs 0.83(0.69-0.94) and 2.17(1.99-2.31) vs 2.54(2.12-2.86), respectively; Z =-2.884、-2.876, all P < 0.01]. The MELD score was negatively associated with serum TT3, FT3, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and the respiratory quotient (RQ) ( r =-0.487、-0.329、-0.422、-0.350, all P < 0.01), whereas the RQ was associated with serum TT3 and FT3 levels ( r =0.271、0.265, all P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff values in predicting the severity and survival of patients was 0.75 nmol/L and 2.37pmol/L with the sensitivity values of 67.6% and 64.7% and the specificity of 90.5% and 81.0%, respectively. Conclusion Abnormal thyroid hormone levels and low respiratory quotient could be used to predict the severity and prognosis of patients with liver failure.
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Patients with end-stage liver disease often have malnutrition caused by reduced nutrient intake, increased energy consumption, impaired fasting adaptability, reduced liver glycogen reserve, and increased protein consumption. L3 skeletal muscle index (L3-SMI) (skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at the level of L3/square of height) is an important indicator for evaluating malnutrition in end-stage liver disease, with the advantages of strong objectivity, little influence by water-sodium retention, and good repeatability. This article reviews the application of L3-SMI in the nutritional diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer, and liver transplantation. The analysis shows that L3-SMI can effectively evaluate nutritional status and the effect of nutritional intervention in patients with end-stage liver disease, and therefore, it is expected to become an important method for nutritional diagnosis in end-stage liver disease.
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Patients with end-stage liver disease often have malnutrition caused by reduced nutrient intake, increased energy consumption, impaired fasting adaptability, reduced liver glycogen reserve, and increased protein consumption. L3 skeletal muscle index (L3-SMI) (skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at the level of L3/square of height) is an important indicator for evaluating malnutrition in end-stage liver disease, with the advantages of strong objectivity, little influence by water-sodium retention, and good repeatability. This article reviews the application of L3-SMI in the nutritional diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer, and liver transplantation. The analysis shows that L3-SMI can effectively evaluate nutritional status and the effect of nutritional intervention in patients with end-stage liver disease, and therefore, it is expected to become an important method for nutritional diagnosis in end-stage liver disease.
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Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status and Gleason score are commonly investigated factors for overall survival (OS) in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, there is a lack of consistency regarding their prognostic or predictive value for OS. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to assess the associations of ECOG performance status and Gleason score with OS in CRPC patients and compare the two markers in patients under different treatment regimens or with different chemotherapy histories. A systematic literature review of monotherapy studies in CRPC patients was conducted in the PubMed database until May 2019. The data from 8247 patients in 34 studies, including clinical trials and real-world data, were included in our meta-analysis. Of these, twenty studies reported multivariate results and were included in our main analysis. CRPC patients with higher ECOG performance statuses (≥ 2) had a significantly increased mortality risk than those with lower ECOG performance statuses (<2), hazard ratio (HR): 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.68-2.62, and P < 0.001. The synthesized HR of OS stratified by Gleason score was 1.01, with a 95% CI of 0.62-1.67 (Gleason score ≥ 8 vs <8). Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in pooled HRs for patients administered taxane chemotherapy (docetaxel and cabazitaxel) and androgen-targeting therapy (abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide) or for patients with different chemotherapy histories. ECOG performance status was identified as a significant prognostic factor in CRPC patients, while Gleason score showed a weak prognostic value for OS based on the available data in our meta-analysis.
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Objective::To investigate the pharmacodynamics of volatile oil in couplet medicines of Moslae Herba and Pogostemonis Herba, to establish a method for simultaneous determination of three essential ingredients (thymol, carvacrol and patchouli alcohol) in volatile oil of the couplet medicines by gas chromatography (GC), to optimize the preparation process of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex of volatile oil in the couplet medicines and to confirm the formation of the inclusion complex. Method::An in vitro inflammatory response model was established by hyaluronidase activity inhibition test in order to detect the anti-inflammatory activity of the volatile oil. Also, the antioxidant activity of the volatile oil was assessed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The inclusion of volatile oil in couplet medicines of Moslae Herba and Pogostemonis Herba was prepared by scaturated aqueous solution method, colloid milling method and grinding method, respectively. GC was used to determine the contents of thymol, carvacrol and patchouli alcohol in volatile oil for optimizing extraction and inclusion processes of volatile oil. Scanning electron microscope, infrared spectroscopy, thermal differential analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to verify the formation of the inclusion complex. Result::The volatile oil not only inhibited hyaluronidase activity to a certain extent, but also eliminated DPPH and increased with the increase of concentration. There was a good linear relationship between the peak area and concentration of thymol, carvacrol and patchouli alcohol at 0.021 3-0.426, 0.020 04-0.400 8, 0.022 6-0.452 g·L-1 (R2>0.999), respectively. Their recoveries were 99.59%(RSD 1.6%), 100.15%(RSD 1.5%), 100.70%(RSD 1.4%), respectively. The colloid milling method was optimized, and the formation of the inclusion complex was verified by the aforementioned methods. Conclusion::The volatile oil in couplet medicines of Moslae Herba and Pogostemonis Herba has certain anti-inflammatory activity and anti-oxidation ability. The colloid milling method was the best inclusion process for the volatile oil. The established GC has the advantages of simple, sensitive, accurate, reliable and reproducible, which can meet the requirements of simultaneous determination of thymol, carvacrol and patchouli alcohol in the inclusion complex.
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End-stage liver disease is often accompanied by various complications, among which sarcopenia is a common complication in patients with end-stage liver disease and is often neglected by clinicians, and in fact, sarcopenia also affects the prognosis of patients with end-stage liver disease. This article elaborates on the definition, evaluation method, and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and the association of sarcopenia with various liver diseases. It is pointed out that further studies are needed to explore the role of sarcopenia in the development of liver diseases, so as to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
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To examine the feasibility of low-charge electrotherapy (LCE) in treating geriatric major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Bi-temporal LCEs (approximately 25 mC) were performed with an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) instrument three times per week. We used the Hamilton Depression Scale 17 (HAMD-17) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) to assess the effects of LCE and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate the cognitive function change before and after LCE. Six visits occurred at the baseline, after LCE sessions 3, 6, and 9, after the last session, and at the end of the one-month follow-up period. Four patients were enrolled in the study. Two patients completed all LCE sessions. Two patients withdrew during the trial, one due to the adverse event of uroschesis potentially caused by atropine and the other due to her own will. All four patients completed the follow-up sessions. The HAMD-17 and HAMA scores were reduced significantly at the last LCE session and the end of the follow-up period compared with the scores at the baseline. As measured by the MMSE, cognitive impairment showed no significant changes at the last LCE session and the end of the follow-up period compared with that at the baseline. In this case series, LCE showed potential as an alternative current-based treatment for treating geriatric MDD patients. Further research is needed to assess the efficiency and safety of LCE.
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Humanos , Ansiedade , Atropina , Cognição , Transtornos Cognitivos , Depressão , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica , Eletroconvulsoterapia , SeguimentosRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of heat-treating de-sulfur method for sulfur-fumigated Codonopsis Radix (CR) by investigating the changes in contents of sulfur dioxide residue and sulfur-containing derivatives after sulfur-fumigation.Method: Qualitative and semi-quantitative characterization of sulfur-containing derivatives was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS),and sulfur dioxide residues were determined by acid-base titration method. Then the correlations between sulfur dioxide residues and sulfur-containing derivatives in sulfur-fumigated CR samples with different sulfur-fumigation and heat treatment extents were analyzed.Result: Atractylenolide Ⅱ and atractylenolide Ⅲ sulfur-containing derivatives were identified as major characteristic markers of sulfur fumigated CR. With the increase of sulfur-fumigation time,the content of sulfur dioxide residues was continuously increased,while the content of sulfur-containing derivatives was elevated at the beginning and then reached to a plateau, so there was not necessarily a positive correlation between sulfur dioxide residue and the amount of sulfur derivatives. With the increase of heat-treated time,the content of sulfur dioxide residues was continuously decreased,while the content of sulfur-containing derivatives was decreased first and remained at a high level later. There was no clear correlation between sulfur dioxide residue and sulfur-containing derivatives in different sulfur-fumigated and heat-treating de-sulfur degrees of CR.Conclusion: Heat-treatment could decrease the content of sulfur dioxide residue,but the content of sulfur-containing derivatives still remained at a high level, so heat treatment could not reinstate the inner quality of sulfur-fumigated CR to its non-fumigated ones. Therefore, heat-treating de-sulfur is not a feasible method for the quality assurance of sulfur-fumigated CR.
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Aim: To study the role and the molecular mechanism of artesunate in anti-schistosomal liver fibrosis in vivo. Methods: Mouse model of liver fibrosis due to Schistosoma japonica infection was established by placing the coverglass with cercaria on the hairless belly. Mice were started on a 8-week regimen of artesunate (ART) daily in 16th week post infection. Mice were observed for four weeks after ART treatment course. The expression of fibrosis genes and CHI3L1/ERK pathway related genes were detected by quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results: Mouse model of schistosomal liver fibrosis was established successfully. Evidence of pathological changes was found for effectiveness of artesunate in the treatment of schistosomal liver fibrosis. The expression of tissue inhibitors of metaslloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) and type IH collagen of mice in treatment group were significantly reduced compared those of model group. The CHI3L1 and ERK1/2 gene expression level of mice in treatment group decreased significantly compared to that of model group. The phosphorylation level of ERK was also significantly inhibited. Conclusions: ART suppresses liver fibrosis of schistosomiasis japonica in vivo and the mechanism for the liver protective effect is related to the inhibition of collagen production and the transmission of CHI3L1/ERK pathway.
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Objective To analyze the clinical effect of Ivor-lewis esophageal carcinoma radical surgery on the treatment of esophageal cancer. Methods 50 patients with esophageal cancer treated in our hospital from August 2015 to April 2017 were reviewed by dividing them into 2 groups using 1:1 random number method, with 25 patients in each group. The control group received thoraco-abdominal three-cision esophageal cancer radical resection. The study group received Ivor-lewis esophageal cancer radical surgery. The treatment effects such as complications, length of stay, intraoperative blood loss and operation time in the two groups of patients were observed and compared. Results The total incidence of complications in the two groups were compared. The total incidence of complications in the study group (12%) was lower than that of the control group (32%). The data was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The hospital stay, oral feeding time, nasogastric tube length, ICUtime, number of lymph node dissections, intraoperative fluid volume and blood loss, and operation time in the study group were lower than those of the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Ivor-lewis esophageal cancer radical surgery can be given in the clinical treatment of esophageal cancer, which can shorten the operation time, reduce blood loss, promote postoperative recovery, with low complications, and then improve the prognosis of the disease, promote recovery. This surgical method is effective and safe, and is worthy of promotion.
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Effective doctor-patient communication not only affects the doctor-patient relationship,but also affects the normal medical practice.Johari window is referred to as theself consciousness discovery-feedback model or information exchange process management tool.This article introduces the relationship between self-exposure and experience feedback by doctors and patients.As a skill and theory about communication,Johari widow can help doctors to better understand their patients and to improve their ability of communication.
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Triptolide (TP) from Tripterygium wilfordii has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anticancer activities. TP is specially used for the treatment of awkward rheumatoid arthritis, but its clinical application is confined by intense side effects. It is reported that licorice can obviously reduce the toxicity of TP, but the detailed mechanisms involved have not been comprehensively investigated. The current study aimed to explore metabolomics characteristics of the toxic reaction induced by TP and the intervention effect of licorice water extraction (LWE) against such toxicity. Obtained urine samples from control, TP and TP + LWE treated rats were analyzed by UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS. The metabolic profiles of the control and the TP group were well differentiated by the principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The toxicity of TP was demonstrated to be evolving along with the exposure time of TP. Eight potential biomarkers related to TP toxicity were successfully identified in urine samples. Furthermore, LWE treatment could attenuate the change in six of the eight identified biomarkers. Functional pathway analysis revealed that the alterations in these metabolites were associated with tryptophan, pantothenic acid, and porphyrin metabolism. Therefore, it was concluded that LWE demonstrated interventional effects on TP toxicity through regulation of tryptophan, pantothenic acid, and porphyrin metabolism pathways, which provided novel insights into the possible mechanisms of TP toxicity as well as the potential therapeutic effects of LWE against such toxicity.
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Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Biomarcadores , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Métodos , Diterpenos , Toxicidade , Compostos de Epóxi , Toxicidade , Glycyrrhiza , Metabolômica , Fenantrenos , Toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais , Usos Terapêuticos , Análise de Componente Principal , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , MétodosRESUMO
The amount of sulfur dioxide residue is currently employed by Chinese Pharmacopoeia (CP) as an index to screen sulfur-fumigated herbs, but it is unclear if this index can objectively reflect the quality of sulfur-fumigated herbs. In the present study, sulfur-containing derivatives were confirmed in sulfur-fumigated Moutan Cortex (MC) by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, and the contents of sulfur-containing derivatives and sulfur dioxide residues were statistically analyzed both in self-made and commercially available sulfur-fumigated and non-fumigated MC as well as the samples thereof before and after eight-month storage. The amount of sulfur dioxide was significantly decreased, but that of the newly-generated sulfur-containing markers was not, after eight-month storage of the sulfur-fumigated MC samples, indicating that the amount of sulfur dioxide residue may not be positively correlated with the quality of sulfur-fumigated MC. Therefore, sulfur dioxide residue index alone may not objectively reflect the sulfur-fumigation extent (quality change extent) of MC, more specific method using characteristic sulfur-containing derivatives as chemical markers should be developed to supplement the sulfur dioxide residue determination in the quality control of sulfur-fumigated MC.
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The“two-hit”theory which underlies the mechanism of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is difficult to explain the progress of NAFLD from liver lipid accumulation to steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and the gradually aggravated diseases.Recently the“multiple-hit”theory emphasizes the significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the progression of NAFLD. The endoplasmic reticulum is a cytoplasmic organella for protein and lipid synthesis. ERS, which can be induced by the unbalance of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, plays a critical role in hepatocyte lipid metabolic disorders, Apoptosis and the progression of NAFLD. In this paper, the relevance of ERS and non-alcoholic liver lipid accumulation, steatohepatitis and hepatocyte apoptosis is reviewed.
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To investigate the effects of 2-(4-methoxycarbonyl-2-tetradecyloxyphenyl)carbamoylbenzoic acid (CX09040) on protecting pancreatic β cells, the β cell dysfunction model mice were induced by injection of alloxan into the caudal vein of ICR mice, and were treated with compound CX09040. Liraglutide was used as the positive control drug. The amount and the size of islets observed in pathological sections were calculated to evaluate the β cell mass; the glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) test was applied to estimate the β cell secretary function; the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was taken to observe the glucose metabolism in mice; the expressions of protein in pancreas were detected by Western blotting. The effects on the target protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) were assessed by the PTP1B activities of both recombinant protein and the intracellular enzyme, and by the PTP1B expression in the pancreas of mice, separately. As the results, with the treatment of CX09040 in alloxan-induced β cell dysfunction mice, the islet amount (P<0.05) and size (P<0.05) increased significantly, the changes of serum insulin in GSIS (P<0.01) and the values of acute insulin response (AIR, P<0.01) were enhanced, compared to those in model group; the impaired glucose tolerance was also ameliorated by CX09040 with the decrease of the values of area under curve (AUC, P<0.01). The activation of the signaling pathways related to β cell proliferation was enhanced by increasing the levels of p-Akt/Akt (P<0.01), p-FoxO1/FoxOl (P<0.001) and PDX-1 (P<0.01). The effects of CX09040 on PTP1B were observed by inhibiting the recombinant hPTP1B activity with IC50 value of 2.78x 10(-7) mol.L-1, reducing the intracellular PTP1B activity of 72.8% (P<0.001), suppressing the PTP1B expression (P<0.001) and up-regulating p-IRβ/IRβ (P<0.01) in pancreas of the β cell dysfunction mice, separately. In conclusion, compound CX09040 showed significant protection effects against the dysfunction of β cell of mice by enlarging the pancreatic β cell mass and increasing the glucose-induced insulin secretion; its major mechanism may be the inhibition on target PTP1B and the succedent up-regulation of β cell proliferation.
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Animais , Camundongos , Aloxano , Benzoatos , Farmacologia , Bioensaio , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glucose , Metabolismo , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Insulina , Secreções Corporais , Resistência à Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina , Liraglutida , Farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Peso Molecular , Pâncreas , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1 , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
The characteristic fingerprint of conventional dairy Nanhanshuishi was established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), based on similarity of caculation on public peaks by MATLAB software, and the feasibility of new dairy technology of microwave method was explored between XRD and the dissolution rate in artificial simulation gastric juices. The result showed that similarity of shared peak in XRD of conventional dairy Nanhanshuishi was > 95%, This XRD characteristic fingerprint of conventional dairy Nanhanshuishi had strong specificity, could be used to provide a reference for identification and quality evaluation. This study also showed that the similarity of microware dairy products and conventional dairy products was good, and the sample of microwave 15 min was the best, and new dairy method by the microwave could replace the traditional method.
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Animais , Química Farmacêutica , Métodos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Química , Medicina Tradicional Tibetana , Micro-Ondas , Leite , Química , Plantas Medicinais , Química , Controle de Qualidade , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Objective To explore the correlation between heart rate variability ( HRV ) and multiple system atrophy( MSA) .Methods HRV was performed in 34 MSA patients and 32 healthy controls.The parameters of HRV study was compared, parameters studied included time domain and frequency domain.Single factor analysis andreceiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curves were used to analyze the detection of parameters of HRV. ResultsThe HRV of MSA showed significant decreased from the health controls: root mean square successive difference of intervals (rMSSD) [(51.6 ±29.4)ms vs (70.1 ±34.1)ms,P=0.023],percentage of interval differences of successive N-N intervals greater than 50 ms(pNN50%) [ 4.2% (1.8%,9.5%) vs 9.6%(5.1%, 16.2%),P=0.005], coefficient of variation(CV) [(0.06 ±0.01) vs(0.08 ±0.02),P=0.005],very low frequency(VLF) [1003.4(586.5,1702.9)ms2vs1825.5(1407.2,2670.1)ms2,P=0.000],lowfrequency(LF) [162.9(90.6,337.4) ms2 vs 375.5(210.4,559.5) ms2,P=0.001], high frequency(HF) [164.9(77.5,470.7) ms2 vs 349.1(209.7,738.5)ms2,P=0.005].The areas under ROC in patients with MSA for VLF was 0.703(S=0.053), while the areas for CV, LF, HF and pNN50%were 0.667(S=0.054), 0.660 (S=0.055), 0.650( S=0.055) and 0.640( S=0.055) ,the results all have statistical significance(all P<0.05).The cutoff value of VLF for diagnosing MSA in the early stage was 1240.85, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.7 and 55.4(95%CI:0.599-0.807,P=0.002) .Conclusion MSA has sympathetic and vagus nerve involvement at the early stage disease, resulting dysfunction of cardiovascular autonomic system,VLF may have high drgree of assessing accuracy of its dysfunction.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to explore the scene-trait coping style of military rescuers in Wenchuan earthquake in an effort to provide scientific evidences for mental intervention program for Chinese military personnel.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By cluster sampling, a total of 151 military rescuers and 331 control servicemen were administered the military personnel scene-trait coping style scale (MPSTCSS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All active coping factor scores, and passive coping factor scores of affection, health and economy in the rescuer group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The 21-above age subgroup, the 3-year plus service subgroup, and the officer subgroup had significantly higher active coping factor scores on military tasks, military experience and personal development than those of the 21-below age subgroup, 3-year minus service subgroup and the soldier subgroup, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The earthquake relief servicemen can cope with stressful situations better than control group by taking active coping style. The officers, servicemen older than 21 years, and servicemen with more service duration than 3 years could usually take active coping style.</p>
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Humanos , Adaptação Psicológica , Desastres , Terremotos , Militares , Psicologia , Estresse PsicológicoRESUMO
The content of SO2 in Paeoniae Radix Alba (RPA) was determined by the method documented in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (CP) 2010 edition to validate the repeatability of the method for evaluating RPA, and the contents of paeoniflorin sulfonate in both the residual material and distilled solution of RPA were determined by HPLC to study the transformation of paeoniflorin sulfonate to SO2 by HCl. It was found that the repeatability of the method in CP for evaluating RPA is unacceptable, and paeoniflorin sulfonate was detectable in both the residual material and distilled solution of RPA even at "the end point" of SO2 determination, merely about 50% of paeoniflorin sulfonate was transformed to SO2 by HCl, indicating that the current SO2 determination method in CP is not able to accurately quantify SO2 in RPA. It is recommended that more special method for determining SO2 content in RPA should be developed regarding the chemical characteristics of sulfur-fumigated RPA.