Relação entre ansiedade e modulação autonômica cardíaca / Relationship between anxiety and autonomic heart modulation

A ansiedade é caracterizada pelo sentimento de tensão, nervosismo, apreensão e preocupação que pode alterar a modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo sobre a condução elétrica ligada ao coração, determinando a intensidade nos batimentos cardíacos modificando a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca que é um importante indicador de condições normais e patológicas. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação existente entre a ansiedade e o processo de regulação autonômica cardíaca. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa desenvolvido por meio de buscas nas bases de dados da Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, com os descritores em ciências da saúde e operador booleano: ansiedade AND frequência cardíaca e, ansiedade AND sistema nervoso autônomo. A busca foi realizada durante o mês de setembro de 2017, sendo incluídos artigos disponíveis na íntegra; em português e inglês e; publicados nos últimos 06 anos. Excluiu-se artigos que não fossem originais, teses, dissertações e monografias. Obteve-se um total de 10 artigos, nos quais observou-se que a ansiedade altera a resposta autonômica, assim quando o corpo entra em tensão, aumenta-se a frequência cardíaca, o predomínio do sistema simpático e no relaxamento ocorre o domínio parassimpático. Assim indivíduos portadores de ansiedade apresentam menor variação na frequência cardíaca e possuem uma capacidade menor de interação social. Com isto, evidencia-se uma baixa adaptação do sistema nervoso autônomo em casos de ansiedade, sendo que a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca encontra-se reduzida; condição esta que pode ser classificada como patológica.

The anxiety is characterized by the sensation of tension, nervousness, apprehension and worry that can alter the modulation of autonomic nervous system on the electrical conduction linked to the heart, determining the intensity in the heart beats modifying the heart rate variability, which is an important indicator of conditions normal and pathological. Thus, the study objective is to analyze the relationship between anxiety and the process of autonomic cardiac regulation. This study is an integrative review developed through searches in the databases of Lilacs, Medline and SciELO, with the descriptors in health sciences and boolean operator: anxiety AND heart rate and anxiety AND autonomic nervous system. The search was performed during the month of September of 2017, being included articles available in full; in Portuguese and English and; published in the last 6 years. Was excluded articles that were not original, theses, dissertations and monographs. Was obtained a total of 10 articles, in which it was observed that anxiety alters the autonomic response, so when the body is in tension, increases your heart rate, the predominance of the sympathetic system and in the relaxation occurs the domain of the parasympathetic. Thus, individuals with anxiety present lower variation in heart rate and have a lower capacity for social interaction. With this, it is evident a low adaptation of the autonomic nervous system in cases of anxiety, being that the variability of the heart rate is reduced; condition that can be classified as pathological.

Non-linear indices of heart rate variability during endodontic treatment

Abstract Dental treatment promotes psychosomatic change that can influence the procedure and compromise the general well-being of the patient. In this context, it highlights the importance of evaluating the function of the autonomic nervous system in individuals undergoing endodontic treatment. Thus, this manuscript aimed to analyse cardiac autonomic modulation, through non-linear indices of heart rate variability (HRV) during endodontic treatment. Analysis of 50 subjects of either sex aged between 18 and 40 years diagnosed with irreversible pulp necrosis of lower molars undergoing endodontic treatment was undertaken. We carried out fractal and symbolic analysis of HRV, which was recorded in the first session of the endodontic treatment at four intervals: T1: 0-10 min before the onset of the treatment session; T2: 0-10 min after the application of anaesthesia; T3: throughout the period of treatment; and T4: 0-30 min after the end of the treatment session. There was reduction of α1 in T2 compared to T1 and T4 (p < 0.0001). The α2 index also reduced in T2 compared to T3 (p = 0.0035). There was an increase in the α1/α2 ratio in T4 compared to T2 and T3 (p = 0.0003). It was found that 0V% was significantly lower in T2 (p = 0.002), while 2UV% was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) when compared to other points in time. In conclusion, HRV is reduced during endodontic treatment, and after applying local anaesthetic the parasympathetic component of HRV increases. These data indicate that endodontic treatment acutely overcharges the heart, supporting the stress involved in this situation.