Historical evolution and clinical application of classical prescription Yigongsan / 中国药房

Yigongsan， derived from QIAN Yi’s Key to Therapeutics of Children’s Diseases in the Song Dynasty， is a classic pediatric prescription that is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This paper verifies and analyzes the historical origin， composition， dosage， processing， decoction method and efficacy of Yigongsan by systematically combing ancient books and modern documents. As a result， Yigongsan is composed of five herbs： Panax ginseng， Poria cocos， Atractylodes macrocephala， Citrus reticulata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis， of which P. cocos should be peeled， A. macrocephala is fried with soil， G. uralensis is roasted with honey while P. ginseng and C. reticulata are raw products. According to the dosage of ancient and modern times， each medicinal herb must be ground into fine powder， 1.6 g for each， added with 300 mL of water， 5 pieces of Zingiber officinale， and 2 Ziziphus jujuba， decocted together to 210 mL， and taken before meals. In ancient books， Yigongsan is used to treat vomiting， diarrhea， spleen and stomach deficiency， chest and abdominal distension， and lack of appetite， etc. Modern research showed that Yigongsan could also be used in the diseases of immune system， respiratory system， blood system， etc.， involving infantile anorexia， asthma， anemia， tumors and so on.

Research progress in emergency drug stockpile for nuclear and radiological accidents / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

In the current international situation, there is the possibility of nuclear war and nuclear terrorism. The nuclear and radiological emergency in the event of an accident should be enhanced. The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a publication on January 27, 2023, updating the list of drugs recommended for stockpiling in response to radiation and nuclear emergencies, which was the first update since 2007. The list of recommended drug stocks in the publication includes drugs to prevent or reduce the effects of radiation, as well as drugs used to treat injuries after exposure. Based on the list of drugs, this article reviews the emergency response to nuclear and radiological accidents, the general situation of emergency drug stockpiles, drug reserves in some countries, and current considerations, with a view to providing references for emergency medical rescue in nuclear and radiological accidents in China.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of D-glucosamine-fluoroquinolone derivatives / 药学学报

Based on the idea of modification of sugar drugs, or transforming other active substances with sugar molecules, sixteen D-glucosamine-fluoroquinolone (FQ) derivatives were designed by combining D-glucosamine with FQs and synthesized by a multi-step reaction with shared intermediates. The assay results of anti-human pathogenic bacteria and anti-citrus canker showed that the inhibitory activities of two target molecules TM2b and TM2d against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC14125 were stronger than those of all tested positive control drugs, and the inhibitory rates of target molecules TM2m and TM2n against citrus canker were higher than that of the positive control streptomycin at the concentrations of 0.5 and 0.2 µg·mL-1, respectively, which all were worthy of further study. In this study, a series of novel molecules composed of D-glucosamine and FQs were synthesized for the first time, and super antibacterial molecules were found, which expanded the types and biological activities of D-glucosamine derivatives.

Correlating nerve conduction studies with cross-sectional area measured using ultrasound in patients with neuromuscular disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To determine whether there is a correlation between the cross-sectional area (CSA) and the parameters as measured on nerve conduction studies.Methods:Twenty-one patients with neuromuscular diseases in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from March 3, 2022 to May 4, 2023 underwent ultrasound measurement of the CSA of the median nerves and ulnar nerves at the wrist, elbow and the upper arm, followed by nerve conduction studies (NCS). A linear regression model was performed to compare NCS and CSA.Results:A total of 180 sets of motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and CSA at the different sites including 102 sets of median nerve and 78 sets of ulnar nerve, 220 sets of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and CSA at the different sites including 104 sets of median nerve and 116 sets of ulnar nerve, 60 sets of sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) and CSA and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude and CSA at the wrist including 32 sets of median nerve and 28 sets of ulnar nerve were recorded. The linear correlation between MCV and CSA was statistically significant both in median nerve ( r2=0.10,adjusted r2=0.09, P=0.001) and in ulnar nerve ( r2=0.18,adjusted r2=0.17, P<0.001).When CSA>10 mm 2, the linear correlation between CMAP amplitude and CSA was statistically significant both in median nerve ( r2=0.09,adjusted r2=0.08, P=0.024) and ulnar nerve ( r2=0.19,adjusted r2=0.17, P=0.004). The correlation between CMAP and CSA was not statistically significant when CSA≤10 mm 2. And the correlations between SCV and CSA and between SNAP and CSA were not statistically significant. Conclusions:CSA can better show the characteristics of changes in motor nerve conduction especially in motor conduction velocity. It is suggested that its application prospect in demyelinating peripheral neuropathy with motor nerve damage may be more extensive.

Modified Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of five cases of eccrine porocarcinoma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of modified Mohs micrographic surgery in the treatment of eccrine porocarcinoma.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 5 patients with eccrine porocarcinoma, who treated with modified Mohs micrographic surgery in Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital from 2016 to 2020, and retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 5 patients, 2 were males and 3 were females, their age ranged from 52 to 80 years, and the course of disease ranged from 1 to 50 years. Skin lesions were located on the scalp, face, abdomen, thighs and feet, with diameters ranging from 1 to 6 cm. Tumor excision was performed with 1-cm margins, and was deep to the superficial fascial layers. For histopathologically negative surgical margins, the defects were closed with skin flaps or grafts; for histopathologically positive margins, the excision margin continued to be widened until it was clean. The 5 patients were followed up for 1 - 5 years without recurrence, and 1 died 2 years later due to liver cancer metastasis.Conclusion:Modified Mohs micrographic surgery can ensure clean resection margins and reduce the loss of normal tissues in the treatment of eccrine porocarcinoma.

Application prospect of molecular imaging technology in Mongolian medicine treatment research / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Long-term clinical practice shows that Mongolian medicine not only has a unique effect on frequently-occurring and common diseases, but also has particularly remarkable effects on difficult diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. Molecular imaging technology, which based on imaging technology, displays special molecules on the tissue, cell, and subcellular level. By reflecting the changes on molecular level in vivo, lesions can be located, quantitatively and qualitatively imaged and analyzed. Non-invasive imaging in vivo is the most significant feature of molecular imaging technology. In the research of Mongolian medicine treatment, molecular imaging technology can present the characteristics of the lesions before and after treatment in vivo and in real time, dynamically evaluate the effect of drug treatment, and provide new ideas for exploring the efficacy of Mongolian medicine and developing new drugs.

Historical Evolution and Clinical Application of Famous Classical Formulas Zhulingtang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The classic formula Zhulingtang, derived from the medical work Treatise on Cold Damage (《伤寒论》) compiled by ZHANG Zhongjing, a medical sage in the Eastern Han Dynasty, has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Formulas (First Batch) published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. Using the method of textual research, this study systematically reviewed ancient and modern literature to conduct a historical and textual analysis of Zhulingtang, including its origin, composition, dosage, processing, decoction methods, efficacy, and applications. A total of 733 pieces of relevant information related to Zhulingtang were collected, involving 206 ancient Chinese medical texts, with 52 of them providing detailed records of the composition, dosage, processing, and efficacy of Zhulingtang. The results of the analysis showed that Zhulingtang was composed of Polyporus, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, Asini Corii Colla, and Talcum. Polyporus and Poria should be used without their peels, Asini Corii Colla should be stir-fried with clam powder, and Talcum should be ground into powder or soaked in water. Based on the conversion of ancient and modern dosages, Polyporus, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, and Talcum, 15.63 g for each one, were decocted with 800 mL of water to 400 mL. Then the drug residue was removed, and 15.63 g of Asini Corii Colla was added to the drug juice for melting by heating. The decoction should be taken warm, 140 mL each time, three times a day. Zhulingtang has the effects of promoting diuresis, nourishing yin, and clearing heat, and it is mainly used to treat water-heat combination syndrome, characterized by symptoms such as difficult urination, fever, and thirst. Modern research indicates that Zhulingtang is commonly used to treat diseases such as cirrhotic ascites, chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections. This study provides key information about the famous formula Zhulingtang, which can serve as a reference for further development and research on its application.

Practice and reflection on continuing education and training of clinical pharmacists in the neurology department / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for continuing education and training of clinical pharmacists. METHODS The revision of the syllabus and the improvement of training methods of practical skills training class for clinical pharmacists in the neurology department held by Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from 2007 to 2022 was sorted to summarize its advantages and characteristics. RESULTS Training programs were developed to benefit clinical pharmacists at different levels， and the training contents were adjusted according to the training programs and the needs of trainees. Teachers with teaching experience were selected to participate in the teaching. Theory teaching was combined with practice teaching in the teaching process， and case teaching and question-based teaching methods were adopted to benefit both senior clinical pharmacists and new clinical pharmacists. In addition， the influence of the training class was expanded through online teaching， so that doctors and pharmacists could communicate and learn together on the platform of the training class. For example， when designing the training program， we replaced one common neurological disease every two years， and carried rollover study on its new progress and new ideas； clinical pharmacist skill course was reduced， drug history writing， information retrieval and test index interpretation were compressed into clinical pharmacy skill course. CONCLUSIONS The continuing education platform is established for clinical pharmacists； new knowledge and concepts that clinical pharmacists of this specialty need to be familiar with are compiled into the teaching syllabus， and the experts who are familiar with the training of clinical pharmacists are selected to explain to the students so that the students could follow the platform to constantly update their knowledge and improve the ability of clinical pharmacists to participate in the clinic work.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Familial Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis with Acidosis / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis with acidosis. MethodsThe proband's medical history， clinical manifestations， laboratory examinations and imaging characteristics were retrospectively analyzed， and prevalence situation of family members was investigated in detail. Next generation sequencing technology was used to detect the pathogenic gene loci related to periodic paralysis， and the relevant literatures were summarized. ResultsThe proband was definitely diagnosed as familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis. There was a heterozygous mutation in the SCN4A gene of the proband， which was c.2006G>A， resulting in amino acid changes R669H.The proband's grandfather， father and uncle shared the same variation. ConclusionsFamilial hypokalemic periodic paralysis with paroxysmal acidosis is rare， which is easily misdiagnosed as renal tubular acidosis. c 2006G>A mutation in SCN4A gene is the molecular basis of the disease in this family. The clinical phenotypes of different gene mutations are different， and gene screening is helpful for diagnosis and treatment.

Construction and prospect of healthy enterprises in the new era / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

The construction of health enterprises practice the concept of big health. It is an important solution to protect the overall health of occupational groups in the new era, which is of great significance to promoting a healthy city and helping to build a healthy China. This paper clarifies the connotation of healthy enterprises in the new era, discusses the key points of healthy enterprise construction around the "four in one" construction content, "PDCA" construction procedures, and evaluation methods of healthy enterprises. It focuses on the progress of healthy enterprise construction, analyzes the problems faced by the construction of health enterprises in China, and puts forward suggestions to improve the construction efficiency, with a view to providing ideas for further promoting the construction of health enterprises in China.

Analysis of work stress and its influencing factors among nursing staff in Tianjin City / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the current situation of work stress among nursing staff in Tianjin City and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: From August to October 2020, 26002 nursing staff from tertiary hospitals, secondary public hospitals, secondary private hospitals, primary hospitals, and other medical institutions in Tianjin City were selected as objects, and their general situation and working stress situation were surveyed by the general information questionnaire and the Nurse's Work Stressor Scale. Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of work stress among nursing staff. Results: The average age of 26002 nursing staff was (33.86±8.28) years old, and the average working years were (11.84±9.12) years. There were 24874 women (95.66%) and 1128 men (4.34%). The total score of work stress was (79.82±21.69), and the average score of workload and time allocation dimension was the highest (2.55±0.79). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status (β=-0.015, P=0.014), employment form as contract system (β=0.022, P=0.001), post as clinical nursing (β=0.048, P<0.001), education level (β=0.024, P<0.001), age (β=0.050, P<0.001), working years (β=0.075, P<0.001), and professional title (β=0.036, P<0.001) were the influencing factors of work stress, which explained 22.8% of the total variation in work stress of nursing staff (F=24.25, P<0.001) . Conclusion: The work stress among nursing staff in Tianjin City is high, the corresponding departments and nursing managers should adopt scientific management methods to reduce the workload of nursing staff according to the influencing factors of work stress, so as to create a good atmosphere for further promoting the healthy development of nursing career and nursing industry in the new era.

Two cases of airway dysfunction related to diacetyl exposure / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Occupational exposure to diacetyl can lead to bronchiolitis obliterans. In this paper, two patients with severe obstructive ventilation disorder who were exposed to diacetyl at a fragrance and flavours factory were analyzed. The clinical manifestations were cough and shortness of breath. One of them showed Mosaic shadows and uneven perfusion in both lungs on CT, while the other was normal. Field investigation found that 4 of the 8 workers in the factory were found to have obstructive ventilation disorder, and 2 had small airway dysfunction. This paper summarizes the diagnostic process of patients in order to improve the understanding of airway dysfunction caused by occupational exposure to diacetyl and promote the development of relevant standards.

Countermeasures for the construction of occupational health information standard system / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

As an important part of health information standard system, occupational health information standard system is the foundation and guarantee of promoting the construction of occupational health information. This article is based on the literature research about current situation of domestic and foreign health information standards and occupational health information standard system, thus take "the National Health Information Standardization System" and "the National Public Health Information Construction Standards and Norms" into account, focus on the requirements of occupational health information construction and related work. Thus, put forward suggestions on the construction of occupational health information standard system, to accelerate the occupational health information construction, data collection, transmission and application.

Anti-hyperuricemia activity and its mechanism of flavonoid extract from saffron floral bio-residues / 中国中药杂志

A hyperuricemic rat model induced by adenine and ethambutol was established to investigate the anti-hyperuricemia activity and its mechanism of the flavonoid extract from saffron floral bio-residues. Sixty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive control group, and flavonoid extract groups(with 3 doses), respectively, and each group contained 11 or 12 rats. The hyperuricemic model was established by continuous oral administration of adenine(100 mg·kg~(-1)) and ethambutol(250 mg·kg~(-1)) for 7 days. At the same time, the positive control group was given allopurinol(20 mg·kg~(-1) per day) and the flavonoid extract groups were given the flavonoid extract at doses of 340, 170 and 85 mg·kg~(-1) per day, respectively. On day 8, rat serum, liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues were collected, and the levels of uric acid in serum and tissue, the xanthine oxidase activities and antioxi-dant activities in serum and liver were evaluated, and the kidney histopathology was explored. In addition, an untargeted serum metabolomics study was performed. According to the results, the flavonoid extract effectively reduced the uric acid levels in serum, kidney and ileum and inhibited the xanthine oxidase activities and elevated the antioxidant activities of serum and liver in hyperuricemic rat. At the same time, it reduced the levels of inflammation factors in kidney and protected renal function. Moreover, 68 differential metabolites of hyperuricemic rats were screened and most of which were lipids and amino acids. The flavonoid extract significantly retrieved the levels of differential metabolites in hyperuricemic rats, such as SM(d18:1/20:0), PC[18:0/18:2(92,12Z)], palmitic acid and citrulline, possibly through the following three pathways, i.e., arginine biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and histidine metabolism. To sum up, the flavonoid extract of saffron floral bio-residues lowered the uric acid level, increased the antioxidant activity, and alleviated inflammatory symptoms of hyperuricemic rats, which may be related to its inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity and regulation of serum lipids and amino acids metabolism.

Associations of genetic variations in pyroptosis related genes with acute adverse events in postoperative rectal cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: This study aims to investigate the associations between genetic variations of pyroptosis pathway related key genes and adverse events (AEs) of postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. Methods: DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood which was collected from 347 patients before CRT. Sequenom MassARRAY was used to detect the genotypes of 43 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) in eight pyroptosis genes, including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), caspase-1 (CASP1), caspase-4(CASP4), caspase-5 (CASP5), caspase-11 (CASP11), gasdermin D (GSDMD), gasdermin E (GSDME) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). The associations between 43 htSNPs and AEs were evaluated by the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for sex, age, clinical stage, tumor grade, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), surgical procedure, and tumor location. Results: Among the 347 patients with rectal cancer underwent concurrent CRT with capecitabine after surgery, a total of 101(29.1%) occurred grade ≥ 2 leukopenia. rs11226565 (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.21-0.79, P=0.008), rs579408(OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.03-2.29, P=0.034) and rs543923 (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.98, P=0.040) were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade ≥ 2 leukopenia. One hundred and fifty-six (45.0%) had grade ≥ 2 diarrhea, two SNPs were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade ≥ diarrhea, including CASP11 rs10880868 (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.91, P=0.020) and GSDME rs2954558 (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.01-2.31, P=0.050). In addition, sixty-six cases (19.0%) developed grade ≥2 dermatitis, three SNPs that significantly associated with the risk of grade ≥2 dermatitis included GSDME rs2237314 (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.83, P=0.017), GSDME rs12540919 (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.27-0.99, P=0.045) and NLRP3 rs3806268 (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.03-2.22, P=0.037). There was no significant difference in the association between other genetic variations and AEs of rectal cancer patients (all P>0.05). Surgical procedure and tumor location had great impacts on the occurrence of grade ≥2 diarrhea and dermatitis (all P<0.01). Conclusion: The genetic variants of CASP4, CASP11, GSDME and NLRP3 are associated with the occurrence of AEs in patients with rectal cancer who received postoperative CRT, suggesting they may be potential genetic markers in predicting the grade of AEs to achieve individualized treatment of rectal cancer.

Dose-response relationship of alfentanil in combination with midazolam-etomidate inhibiting cardiovascular responses to laryngeal mask airway implantation in elderly patients / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the dose-response relationship of alfentanil in combination with midazolam-etomidate inhibiting cardiovascular responses to laryngeal mask airway implantation in elderly patients.Methods:American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of either sex, aged 65-85 yr, with body mass index of 20-30 kg/m 2, undergoing elective operation under general anesthesia, were enrolled in this study.Midazolam 0.025 mg/kg was intravenously injected for adequate sedation, 5 min later mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded for 3 consecutive times at 3-min interval, the mean value was collected and considered as the baseline value.Etomidate 0.2 mg/kg was intravenously injected, and alfentanil and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg were intravenously injected when bispectral index value < 60.A laryngeal mask airway was inserted at 1.4 min after intravenous injection of alfentanil, and mechanical ventilation was performed.The dose of alfentanil was determined by the Dixon′s up-and-down method.The initial dose of alfentanil was set at 6.83 μg/kg.The dose of alfentanil in the next patient was determined according to the development of cardiovascular response to laryngeal mask airway placement.If the cardiovascular response to laryngeal mask airway placement occurred, the dose was increased for the next patient, and if cardiovascular response to laryngeal mask airway placement did not occur, the dose was decreased, and the ratio between the two successive doses was 1.0∶1.1.The cardiovascular response to laryngeal mask airway placement was defined as increase in maximum mean arterial pressure or maximum heart rate by≥20% of baseline values within 2 min after laryngeal mask airway placement.The median effective dose (ED 50), 95% effective dose (ED 95) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of alfentanil inhibiting cardiovascular responses to laryngeal mask airway placement in elderly patients were calculated by the Probit method. Results:When combined with midazolam and etomidate, the ED 50 (95% CI) of alfentanil inhibiting the cardiovascular responses to laryngeal mask airway placement in elderly patients were 5.605 (5.036-6.082) μg/kg, and the ED 95 (95% CI) were 6.625 (6.125-9.763) μg/kg. Conclusions:When combined with midazolam and etomidate, the ED 50 and ED 95 of alfentanil inhibiting the cardiovascular responses to laryngeal mask airway placement are 5.605 and 6.625 μg/kg, respectively, in elderly patients.

Outcomes of patients experiencing cardiovascular adverse events within 1 year following craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm clipping: a retrospective cohort study / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the impact of postoperative serious cardiovascular adverse events (CAE) on outcomes of patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm clipping.@*METHODS@#This retrospective cohort study was conducted among the patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm clipping during the period from December, 2016 to December, 2017, who were divided into CAE group and non-CAE group according to the occurrence of Clavien-Dindo grade ≥II CAEs after the surgery. The perioperative clinical characteristics of the patients, complications and neurological functions during hospitalization, and mortality and neurological functions at 1 year postoperatively were evaluated. The primary outcome was mortality within 1 year after the surgery. The secondary outcomes were Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score at 1 year, lengths of postoperative hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at discharge.@*RESULTS@#A total of 361 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, including 20 (5.5%) patients in CAE group and 341 in the non-CAE group. No significant differences were found in the patients' demographic characteristics, clinical history, or other postoperative adverse events between the two groups. The 1-year mortality was significantly higher in CAE group than in the non-CAE group (20.0% vs 5.6%, P=0.01). Logistics regression analysis showed that when adjusted for age, gender, emergency hospitalization, subarachnoid hemorrhage, volume of bleeding, duration of operation, aneurysm location, and preoperative history of cardiovascular disease, postoperative CAEs of Clavien-Dindo grade≥II was independently correlated with 1-year mortality rate of the patients with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.670 (95% CI: 1.037-12.992, P=0.04). The patients with CEA also had a lower GOS score at 1 year after surgery than those without CEA (P=0.002). No significant differences were found in the occurrence of other adverse events, postoperative hospital stay, ICU stay, or GCS scores at discharge between the two groups (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Postoperative CAEs may be a risk factor for increased 1-year mortality and disability in patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial aneurysms.

Research progress of natural biomaterials for construction of tissue engineering cornea / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Vision loss can occur when the cornea loses transparency or changes shape. The most effective treatment to restore vision is to use full or partial layers of donor cornea for corneal transplantation. However, there is a severe shortage of donor corneas worldwide, with more than 98.5% of patients with corneal blindness waiting for donor corneas. In addition, there exist some problems such as the possibility of infection, allotransplantation immunologic rejection, and other problems after corneal transplantation. Therefore, tissue-engineering corneas have been widely studied over the years as a viable alternative to donor corneas, with different materials and methods. And in nearly ten years, the research has had breakthrough progress. The ultimate goal of the research is to construct a full or partial tissue-engineering graft with good transparency, biocompatibility, and appropriate mechanical strength to repair, regenerate, or replace diseased corneas. This review discusses the research progress and existing problems about the most frequently studied natural biomaterials in recent years. These biomaterials include amniotic membrane, acellular cornea, collagen, and silk. In addition to the future research directions, other challenges related to the biomaterials discussed in this field are illustrated.

Preventive effects of hydroxyethyl starch combined with methoxyamine on complications of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia in older adult patients and its influence on hemodynamics / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the preventive effects of hydroxyethyl starch and methoxamine on complications of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia in older adult patients and its influence on hemodynamics.Methods:The clinical data of 120 older adult patients who underwent combined spinal and epidural anesthesia in General Hospital of Armed Police and Marine Police between February 2017 and April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The included patients were divided into two groups according to the adverse reactions of drugs used to induce anesthesia: control group (methoxamine injection, n = 55) and observation group (methoxamine + hydroxyethyl starch, n = 65). The changes in hemodynamic index, complications and cognitive function were analyzed in each group. Results:Systolic blood pressures measured at 5, 15 and 30 minutes after anesthesia were (127.53 ± 10.63) mmHg, (119.85 ± 10.86) mmHg, (125.45 ± 10.74) mmHg, respectively in the observation group, which were significantly higher than (118.23 ± 11.32) mmHg, (114.34 ± 10.32) mmHg, (119.01 ± 10.34) mmHg in the control group ( t = 3.66, 2.24, 2.63, all P < 0.05). Diastolic blood pressures measured at 5, 15 and 30 minutes after anesthesia were (76.65 ± 9.07) mmHg, (78.43 ± 9.32) mmHg, (80.19 ± 9.43) mmHg, respectively in the observation group, which were significantly higher than (63.30 ± 9.43) mmHg, (65.98 ± 9.26) mmHg, (70.38 ± 9.17) mmHg in the control group ( t = 6.24, 5.78, 4.55, all P < 0.05). Heart rates measured at 5, 15 and 30 minutes after anesthesia were (73.65 ± 7.67) beats/min, (83.27 ± 9.57) beats/min, (84.10 ± 9.67) beats/min respectively in the observation group, which were significantly higher than (69.76 ± 7.82) beats/min, (64.70 ± 9.38) beats/min, (65.80 ± 9.43) beats/min in the control group ( t = 2.17, 8.46, 8.27, all P < 0.05). The incidences of hypotension and bradycardia in the observation group were 3.08% (2/65) and 3.08% (2/65), respectively, which were significantly lower than 25.45% (14/55) and 21.82% (12/55) in the control group ( χ2 = 12.91, 10.15, both P < 0.05). The Mini Mental State Examination scores measured at 1, 6 and 24 hours after surgery were (26.69 ± 2.51) points, (26.74 ± 2.75) points, and (26.99 ± 2.36) points, respectively in the observation group, which were significantly higher than (23.17 ± 2.41) points, (23.43 ± 2.36) points, and (24.18 ± 2.12) points in the control group ( t = 6.17, 5.55, 5.39, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Hydroxyethyl starch combined with methoxamine for combined spinal and epidural anesthesia in older adult patients can effectively reduce the hemodynamic fluctuations, decrease the incidences of hypotension and bradycardia, and does not produce a remarkable effect on postoperative cognitive function.

The diagnostic value of tuberculin skin test, tubercle bacillus-antibody, interferon-γ release assay, tubercle bacillus-DNA and bacterial collection centrifugal smear method in pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate five kinds of tuberculin skin test (TST), tubercle bacillus-antibody(TB-Ab), interferon-γ release assay(IGRA), tubercle bacillus-DNA (TB-DNA) and collection of bacterial centrifugal smears methods, the application value of combined detection in improving the diagnostic efficiency of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis.Methods:A total of 150 eligible patients with pneumoconiosis from January 2018 to January 2019 in Zhangjiakou Pulmonary Hospital were selected as the research subjects, and all of them underwent TST, TB-Ab, IGRA, TB-DNA and bacterial centrifugal smear detection. Compared the positive rates of five detection methods in pneumoconiosis and its different stages, and compare the proportion of tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis in different stages of pneumoconiosis.Results:Among the 150 patients with pneumoconiosis, 41 cases (27.33%) were with pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis infection, 24 cases (16.00%) with pneumoconiosis complicated with clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis, 21 cases (14.00%) with pneumoconiosis complicated with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis, and 45 cases (30.00%) with pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis; with the improvement of pneumoconiosis stage, the proportion of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis infection and pulmonary tuberculosis increased significantly ( P<0.05). Compared with TB-Ab, TB-loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP), and interlayered cup collection centrifuge smear method, the overall positive rate of IGRA detection and pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ were higher ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with TST detection ( P>0.05). The positive rate of combined detection was higher, but there was no significant difference compared with IGRA detection ( P>0.05). With the increase of pneumoconiosis stage, the positive reaction intensity of TST decreased, and the positive value of TB-Ab and IGRA increased. Conclusions:The combined detection of TST, TB-Ab, IGRA, TB-DNA and bacterial centrifugal smear method can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis.