RESUMO
Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors were developed with the hope that they will cause fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects. Ability of selective as well as nonselective COX inhibitors to alter ischemia-reperfusion induced damage of gastric mucosa and hapten-induced colitis in rats has been compared. Celecoxib (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg(-l)) was significantly more potent at aggravating ischemia-reperfusion injury as compared to nimesulide. Similarly, celecoxib was found to maximally potentiate TNBS-induced colitis, followed by nimesulide and indomethacin. Celecoxib at its highest dose produced maximum deep histological injury. This paradoxic ulcer and colitis aggravating effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors may be explained by suppression of protective prostaglandins generated as a consequence of COX-2 induction in inflammatory states.
Assuntos
Animais , Colite/etiologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/toxicidade , Mucosa Gástrica/irrigação sanguínea , Trato Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Indometacina/toxicidade , Masculino , Pirazóis/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Sulfonamidas/toxicidadeRESUMO
There are isolated case reports of Trichinella spiralis infestation in animals from India. We report the first case in man from India. The nematode was discovered incidentally during drainage of psoas abscess.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Abscesso do Psoas/parasitologia , Músculos Psoas/parasitologia , Triquinelose/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a leading cause of gastritis. Some of the histological changes revert after eradication of H. pylori. There is paucity of reports from India. AIM: To study the effect of H. pylori eradication on the histopathological changes. METHODS: Endoscopically obtained antral biopsies from 164 consecutive H. pylori positive cases of dyspepsia were analysed before and 4 weeks after completion of treatment. RESULTS: Treatment for H. pylori resulted in eradication of the organism as confirmed histologically in 123 out of 164 (76.22%) cases. Analysis of histopathological changes in pre and post treatment biopsies from the same patient revealed a significant reduction in neutrophils, eosinophils, chronic inflammatory cells, acute epithelial changes and regenerative foveolar hyperplasia (p < 0.001) There was no difference in these findings in cases where H. pylori eradication failed when compared with their pre-treatment biopsies (p > 0.05). Similarly the pre and post treatment biopsies revealed, no difference in frequency of intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy in cases where H. pylori was eradicated or persisted after treatment. CONCLUSION: There was significant reduction in neutrophils, eosinophils, chronic inflammatory cells, acute epithelial changes and regenerative foveolar hyperplasia, following eradication of H. pylori.
Assuntos
Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Antro Pilórico/microbiologiaRESUMO
We report an unusual case of spontaneous umbilical cord haematoma resulting in intrauterine fetal death.
RESUMO
A 25-year old man with hematuria had a polypoid tumor of the urinary bladder which was diagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) on transurethral resection with partial cystectomy. One year following post-operative radiotherapy, he had to undergo surgery for intestinal perforation. On laparotomy the recurrent tumor had involved pelvic organs and sigmoid colon. It now showed predominantly osteogenic sarcoma on histopathologic examination. The case is reported in view of rarity of primary osteogenic sarcoma in the urinary bladder.
Assuntos
Adulto , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
GISTS are the largest category of non-epithelial neoplasms of stomach and small bowel. Numerous immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and flow cytometry studies have been carried out for evaluation of prognostic factors which could predict malignant behaviour of these neoplasms. Tumor size of 5 cm and mitosis of 2/10 hpf were suggested as two important parameters which could predict the chances of recurrence and clinically aggressive course. The aim of this study is to examine predictive value of these two important parameters in assigning the tumors as high, intermediate and low risk groups. Using these two parameters we categorized 30 cases of GIST over a period of 6 years (1990-95) into low, intermediate and high risk groups and examined other features of these cases. Based on these two parameters alone we found that 4 cases each in low and intermediate group could be assigned to a higher risk group clinically as there were presence of adjacent organ infiltration, lymphatic emboli, serosal nodules, lymph node metastasis and transmural infiltration. Hence, other features like hemorrhage, necrosis and anaplasia should also be included in risk assessment. Metaplastic tissues like bone, cartilage and adipose tissues were seen only in high-risk categories.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/patologia , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice Mitótico , Neoplasias de Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estômago/patologia , Células Estromais/patologiaRESUMO
Hyaline membrane disease is primarily a disorder of preterm infants. Its occurrence in term infants is very uncommon and therefore may escape attention. We describe a term infant who developed severe respiratory distress soon after birth. Diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease was revealed at autopsy.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Doença da Membrana Hialina/diagnóstico , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Infusões Intravenosas/métodos , Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Intubação Gastrointestinal , Oxigenoterapia/métodos , Ventiladores MecânicosRESUMO
Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma is a rare primary malignant tumour of the bone that accounts for less than 1% of all primary bone malignancies. The case discussed here is of a 35 years old male who presented with gradually increasing left infrascapular mass attached to 10th rib. X-ray showed an expansile lytic lesion in 10th rib. On FNA the diagnOsis of fibrous dysplasia or fibrous-histiocytic lesions was suggested. The lesion was excised along with adjacent rib. Histopathological examination showed features of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. Immunohistochemistry revealed focal factor VIII related antigen positivity.
Assuntos
Adulto , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Hemangioendotelioma Epitelioide/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , CostelasRESUMO
Pilomatricoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherebe) is an uncommon skin tumour that occurs predominantly in young people. No studies are available from the Indian subcontinent on pilomatricoma. We analyzed records of 18 cases of pilomatricoma seen during 5 years period (1995-99). There were 16 females and 2 males and their age ranged from 5 to 60 years. All patients had solitary lesions in 10 out of 18 cases (55.5%), the tumour was located in head and neck region including 5 cases (27%) where it involved orbital margin and eye-brow. In only 2 out of 18 cases, a clinical diagnosis of pilomatricoma was suggested. In addition to the secondary changes described in previous studies, we observed additional changes like myxoid change, oedema fluid and necrosis with karyorrhectic debris in few of these tumours. Making a clinical diagnosis of pilomatricoma can be difficult. The final confirmation is by histopathological examination only.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pilomatrixoma/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnósticoRESUMO
A 15 year old boy presented with diminution in vision of both eyes, diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism. MRI was suggestive of a large suprasellar and retrosellar craniopharyngioma with stretching of the optic chiasma. Histopathological findings on the first surgical specimen were interpreted as a craniopharyngioma. He was reoperated on account of clinical deterioration and increase in tumour size. Histological examination this time revealed derivatives of all three germ cell lineages along with areas of embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac tumour besides squamous cysts, establishing the diagnosis of malignant mixed germ cell tumour. Serum and CSF were strongly positive for alpha foetoproteins.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Craniofaringioma/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Germinoma/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Tumor Misto Maligno/patologia , Quiasma Óptico/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análiseRESUMO
Melanosis peritonei is usually associated with benign cystic teratomas of the ovary. We describe a one-and-a-half-year-old girl with melanosis peritonei associated with enteric duplication cyst. Melanophages were seen in aggregates in and around the serosal blood vessels, nerve bundles, and scattered within the muscular wall of the cyst. Presence of hyperplastic nerve bundles associated with melanophages suggests their origin from the neural crest.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha , Pré-Escolar , Cistos/complicações , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Doenças do Íleo/complicações , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Laparotomia , Melanose/etiologia , PeritônioRESUMO
Neutrophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis by accumulation and liberation of active proteolytic enzymes. Despite the active participation of the neutrophils, the patients afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis are prone to multiple infections. We studied neutrophil functions in 20 rheumatoid arthritis patients in active disease and equal number in remission and 20 healthy normal controls. No change in neutrophil function was seen in patients in remission. Phagocytic capacity of the neutrophils in active disease was found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.05). This inversly correlated with the rheumatoid factor (r = -0.128, p = 1). Random migration and chemotaxis was statistically reduced when compared with either healthy controls (p < 0.01) or when compared with patients in remission (p < 0.01). The chemotaxis inhibition was further enhanced by autologus serum (p < 0.05). The serum from patients with active disease also reduced chemotaxis of neutrophils from normal individuals (p < 0.01), indicating reduced cellular response as well as inhibitors in serum. The positive correlation (r = 0.466, p < 0.01) with rheumatoid factor, suggests the inhibitory activity may be due to the circulating rheumatoid factor in the active disease. The postulate that prior saturation of neutrophil receptors with immune complexes lower phagocytosis as well as chemotaxis is sustained. Destruction of chemotaxis receptors by release of various strong oxidative enzymes by neutrophils may also be a factor. Normal leucocytes are seen to take up immunoglobulins from diseases serum but not from normal serum. This uptake of diseased serum may be responsible for reducing the chemotactic and phagocytic function of neutrophils and hence increased incidence of infection in these patients.