Real-world data on metastatic breast cancer in Goiânia, Brazil: a 17-year analysis (1995­2011)

Introduction: Most of the data on metastatic breast cancer (MBC) originate from hospital-based studies or controlled trials involving specific populations and controlled treatments. In this respect, few population-based studies have analyzed the profile of MBC in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of women with de novo MBC using data from a population-based cancer registry (PBCR). Methods: An ecological study conducted in a PBCR in Goiânia, Brazil, for the 1995­2011 period. Women with MBC at diagnosis were included and the standardized incidence rate and annual percent change (APC) over the period were calculated. The women's clinical and demographic characteristics and data on diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. Results: Overall, 5,289 cases of breast cancer were registered in the Goiânia PBCR, 277 (5.2%) at metastatic stage. The adjusted incidence was 8.9/100,000 in 1995 and 6.04/100,000 in 2011 (APC: 1.1; p=0.6). Most of the patients (70.3%) were receiving care within the public healthcare system and the mean age at diagnosis was 54.7±14.5 years. Additional data for a subpopulation of 156 patients were identified at the city's two main treatment centers. According to immunohistochemistry, 53 women (67.1%) had hormone receptor-positive cancer. Of these, 14.0% (6/43) received endocrine therapy as first-line systemic treatment and 48.5% (17/35) as second-line treatment. A comparison of clinical data between the 1995­2003 and 2004­2011 periods revealed no significant differences in age, histological grade, locoregional staging, the presence of symptoms at diagnosis, or in treatment. Conclusion: This study population of women with MBC consisted predominantly of locally advanced tumors and the luminal-like subtype. The incidence rate of MBC in Goiânia did not change over the 17-year period. Most cases received chemotherapy as firstline systemic treatment irrespective of the tumor phenotype.

Prognostic factors and overall survival of breast cancer in the city of Goiania, Brazil: a population-based study / Fatores prognósticos do câncer de mama e sobrevida global em cinco e dez anos na cidade de Goiânia, Brasil: estudo de base populacional

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the overall survival and prognostic factors of women with breast cancer in the city of Goiânia. Methods: this is a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study that included women with malignant neoplasms of the breast identified by the Goiânia Population-based Cancer Registry. The variables studied were age at diagnosis, tumor size, staging, axillary lymph node involvement, tumor grade, disease extent, hormone receptors, and c-erb-B2 oncoprotein. We performed overall survival analyzes of five and ten years. Results: we included 2,273 patients in the study, with an overall survival of 72.1% in five years and 57.8% in ten years. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for tumor size, the factors that influenced the prognosis were axillary lymph nodes, histological grade, progesterone receptor, c erb B2, T staging and disease extension. Conclusion: overall survival in ten years is below that observed in other countries, and possibly reflects what happens with the majority of the Brazilian population. The prognostic factors found in this population follow the same international patterns.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a sobrevida global e os fatores prognósticos de mulheres com câncer de mama na cidade de Goiânia. Métodos: estudo observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, que incluiu mulheres portadoras de neoplasias malignas da mama identificadas pelo Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Goiânia. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade ao diagnóstico, tamanho do tumor, estadiamento, comprometimento dos linfonodos axilares, grau tumoral, extensão da doença, receptores hormonais e oncoproteína c-erb-B2. Foram realizadas análises de sobrevida global, de cinco e de dez anos. Resultados: foram incluídas no estudo 2273 pacientes, com sobrevida global em cinco anos de 72,1% e de 57,8% em dez anos. Na análise multivariada ajustada pelo tamanho do tumor, os fatores que influenciaram o prognóstico foram: linfonodos axilares, grau histológico, receptor de progesterona, c-erb-B2, estadiamento T e extensão da doença. Conclusão: a sobrevida global em dez anos está abaixo da observada em outros países, e possivelmente reflete o que acontece com a maioria da população brasileira. Os fatores prognósticos encontrados nesta população seguem o mesmo padrão internacional.

Estudo descritivo dos casos de câncer de mama em Goiânia, entre 1989 e 2003 / Descriptive study of breast cancer cases in Goiânia between 1989 and 2003

OBJETIVO: Descrever os casos de câncer de mama nas mulheres residentes em Goiânia no período 1989-2003. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, que incluiu todos os casos de câncer de mama ocorridos nas moradoras de Goiânia, identificados pelo Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Goiânia (RCBPGO), no período de 1989 a 2003. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, método de diagnóstico, localização topográfica, morfologia e extensão do câncer de mama. Foram utilizadas frequências e taxas percentuais, além da regressão de Poisson para determinação da mudança percentual anual (MPA). RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 3204 casos de câncer de mama. A localização topográfica mais frequente foi o quadrante superior lateral (53,7 por cento). O carcinoma ductal infiltrante (CDI) foi o mais freqüente, com 2582 casos (80,6 por cento), seguido pelo carcinoma lobular infiltrante (CLI), com 155 casos (4,8 por cento). Houve aumento significante tanto do CDI quanto do CLI, sendo a MPA de 11,0 por cento e de 15,4 por cento, respectivamente. A proporção entre CDI e CLI não foi influenciada pela idade (p=0,98). Quanto à extensão do tumor ao diagnóstico, 45,6 por cento dos casos eram localizados na mama, sendo que a MPA foi de 16,1 por cento (IC= 12,4 a 20,0; p<0,001). Houve tendência de redução da MPA dos casos metastáticos (-3,8; IC= -8,6 a 1,2; p=0,12). CONCLUSÃO: A localização topográfica e o tipo histológico do câncer de mama, na cidade de Goiânia, seguem o padrão de outros países. Os principais tipos morfológicos não foram influenciados pela idade. Houve grande aumento de casos iniciais.

OBJECTIVE: To describe cases of breast cancer in women living in Goiânia from 1989-2003. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive stud, which included all cases of breast cancer occurring in residents of Goiânia, identified by the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Goiânia (RCBPGO) in the period from 1989 to 2003. The variables were: age, method of diagnosis, topographic location, morphology and extent of breast cancer. We used frequencies and percentage rates, and Poisson regression to determine the annual percentage change (APC). RESULTS: We identified 3204 cases of breast cancer. The most frequent topographic location was the superior-lateral quadrant (53.7 percent). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most frequent, with 2582 cases (80.6 percent), followed by infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC), with 155 cases (4.8 percent). There was a significant increase of both the IDC and the ILC, with APCs of 11.0 percent and 15.4 percent, respectively. The ratio between IDC and ILC was not influenced by age (p = 0.98). As for tumor extent at diagnosis, 45.6 percent were located in the breast, and the APC was 16.1 percent (CI = 12.4 to 20.0, p <0.001). There was a trend of APC reduction of metastatic cases (-3.8, CI = -8.6 to 1.2, p = 0.12). CONCLUSION: The topographical location and histological type of breast cancer in the city of Goiania followed the pattern of other countries. The main morphological types were not influenced by age. There was a large increase in initial cases.