Clinical Effect of Runzaoling Combined with Iguratimod on Primary Sjögren's Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of iguratimod combined with the Chinese medicine Runzaoling in the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome （pSS）. MethodSeventy-two patients treated in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） from January 2021 to June 2022 who met the Western medical diagnosis of pSS and had the TCM syndrome of Yin deficiency and heat toxin syndrome were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group， with 36 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with iguratimod combined with Runzaoling， and the control group was treated with iguratimod. The treatment in both groups lasted for 12 weeks. The clinical symptoms， EULAR Sjogren's syndrome patient reported index （ESSPRI）， EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index （ESSDAI）， erythrocyte sedimentation Rate （ESR）， C-reactive protein （CRP）， immunoglobulin （IgG）， Schirmer score， and saliva flow of the two groups were determined before and after treatment. Furthermore， the incidence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups. ResultThe total response rate in the observation group was 75.0% （27 patients with response and 9 patients with no response）， which was higher than that （61.11%， 22 patients with response and 14 patients without response） in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the ESSPRI， ESSDAI， and TCM syndrome scores in both groups decreased and the decreases were more obvious in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.05）. The treatment in both groups recovered the ESR， CRP， IgG， Schirmer score， and saliva flow （P<0.05）. Moreover， the observation outperformed the control group in terms of the ESR， CRP， IgG， and saliva flow （P<0.05） and had no significant difference in the Schirmer score compared with the control group. During the treatment period， 2 patients in the observation group had nausea， and 1 patient had an abnormal liver function， which were relieved after symptomatic treatment and did not affect the treatment. In the control group， 1 patient withdrew from the study due to rashes and showed no special discomfort in the follow-up 4 weeks， and 1 patient had nausea， which was relieved after symptomatic treatment. ConclusionIguratimod combined with Runzaoling has good clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of pSS.

Molecular mechanism of PANoptosis in diagnostic markers and subtyping of osteoporosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:It has been hypothesized that PANoptosis may be involved in the pathologic process of osteoporosis,but there have been no studies addressing the mechanisms of PANoptosis genes in osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the biological mechanism of PANoptosis regulators in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. METHODS:The GSE56815 dataset was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and PANoptosis genes were extracted for differential analysis.The key genes of PANoptosis were screened by random forest tree model to construct a disease risk prediction model.Consensus clustering algorithm,single sample genome enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were used to explore the differences between different PANoptosis molecular subtypes.Herbal drugs that regulate the key genes of PANoptosis were predicted through Coremine medical database,a medical ontology information retrieval platform. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Based on the four PANoptosis key genes(CASP1,CASP10,MEFV,and TNF),the diagnostic markers of osteoporosis were determined,and the risk prediction model was constructed and verified.Osteoporosis was divided into two different PANoptosis subtypes(clusters A,B and gene clusters A,B),and the PANoptosis scores of cluster B and gene cluster B were higher than those of cluster A and gene cluster A,respectively.Traditional Chinese drugs such as ginseng which can regulate the key genes of PANoptosis were predicted by the Coremine medical database.

Research progress on the role of non-coding RNA in the occurence,development and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head / 新乡医学院学报

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)is a common and intractable disease in orthopedics,and its occurrence is associated with lipid metabolism disorders,endothelial dysfunction,bone homeostasis imbalance,genetic polymorphism,etc.However,the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated.ONFH has an insidious progression in the early stages,and in the later stages,it often requires hip replacement surgery,which imposes a heavy economic burden on patients and society.Non-coding RNA has been the hotspot of medical research in recent years,and increasing number of non-coding RNA has been found to regulate the occurrence and development of ONFH through various mechanisms.This article reviews the research progress on the role of non-coding RNA in the occurence,development and treatment of ONFH,in order to provide reference for the treatment of ONFH.

Clinical analysis and literature review of juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with positive anti-NXP2 antibody / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, muscle pathological features and treatment in patients with Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (JIIM) with positive anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 (NXP2) antibody.Methods:The clinical data of 8 IMM patients with positive anti-NXP2 antibody were collected and the clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, muscle pathological changes and therapeutic effects were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The ratio of male to female was 1:3. The median age of disease onset was (6.1±3.8) years. Eight cases had proximal muscle weakness, 7 had dermatomyositis-like rash, 5 had myalgia,4 had calcinosis,3 had skin ulcer, 2 had edema and 1 had abdominal pain. Five cases had elevated serum creatine kinase. Eight cases with lower limb muscle MRI showed abnormal signals in muscle, space between muscles and fat tissue, 3 cases with chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) showed interstitial lung disease. Abdominal CT of 1 case showed irregular thickening, edema and peripheral inflammatory exudation in ascending colon and proximal transverse colon. Pathological biopsy of skeletal muscle showed perifascicular atrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration in fascicular membrane and around small vessels and muscle fiber space. Edema, hyperplasia could be seen in interstitium; but dissolved necrosis, and regenerated muscle fibers were rarely seen. Treatments included glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents and biological agents (1 case). After 6 months of follow-up, 5 cases had good outcomes and 3 cases had poor outcomes.Conclusion:Dermatomyositis is the major clinical manifestation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with positive anti-NXP2 antibody.It is associated with myasthenia, calcinosis, skin ulcers and intestinal vasculitis. The pathological changes in skeletal muscle are relatively slightmild. Glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressive agents are effective in most cases.

Stability study of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells formulation in large-scale production / 药学学报

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been widely used in regenerative medicine, but there is limited research on the stability of UC-MSCs formulation during production. This study aims to assess the stability of the cell stock solution and intermediate product throughout the production process, as well as the final product following reconstitution, in order to offer guidance for the manufacturing process and serve as a reference for formulation reconstitution methods. Three batches of cell formulation were produced and stored under low temperature (2-8 ℃) and room temperature (20-26 ℃) during cell stock solution and intermediate product stages. The storage time intervals for cell stock solution were 0, 2, 4, and 6 h, while for intermediate products, the intervals were 0, 1, 2, and 3 h. The evaluation items included visual inspection, viable cell concentration, cell viability, cell surface markers, lymphocyte proliferation inhibition rate, and sterility. Additionally, dilution and culture stability studies were performed after reconstitution of the cell product. The reconstitution diluents included 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection + 1% human serum albumin, and 0.9% sodium chloride injection + 2% human serum albumin, with dilution ratios of 10-fold and 40-fold. The storage time intervals after dilution were 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. The reconstitution culture media included DMEM medium, DMEM + 2% platelet lysate, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and 0.9% sodium chloride injection + 1% human serum albumin, and the culture duration was 24 h. The evaluation items were viable cell concentration and cell viability. The results showed that the cell stock solution remained stable for up to 6 h under both low temperature (2-8 ℃) and room temperature (20-26 ℃) conditions, while the intermediate product remained stable for up to 3 h under the same conditions. After formulation reconstitution, using sodium chloride injection diluted with 1% or 2% human serum albumin maintained a viability of over 80% within 4 h. It was observed that different dilution factors had an impact on cell viability. After formulation reconstitution, cultivation in medium with 2% platelet lysate resulted in a cell viability of over 80% after 24 h. In conclusion, the stability of cell stock solution within 6 h and intermediate product within 3 h meets the requirements. The addition of 1% or 2% human serum albumin in the reconstitution diluent can better protect the post-reconstitution cell viability.

Feasibility of a single-port thoracoscopy-assisted five-step laparoscopic procedure via transabdominal diaphragmatic approach for No.111 lymphadenectomy in patients with Siewert type II esophageal gastric junction adenocarcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: We aimed to explore the feasibility of a single-port thoracoscopy- assisted five-step laparoscopic procedure via transabdominal diaphragmatic(TD) approach(abbreviated as five-step maneuver) for No.111 lymphadenectomy in patients with Siewert type II esophageal gastric junction adenocarcinoma (AEG). Methods: This was a descriptive case series study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age 18-80 years; (2) diagnosis of Siewert type II AEG; (3) clinical tumor stage cT2-4aNanyM0; (4) meeting indications of the transthoracic single-port assisted laparoscopic five-step procedure incorporating lower mediastinal lymph node dissection via a TD approach; (5) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0-1; and (6) American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I, II, or III. The exclusion criteria included previous esophageal or gastric surgery, other cancers within the previous 5 years, pregnancy or lactation, and serious medical conditions. We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinical data of 17 patients (age [mean ± SD], [63.6±11.9] years; and 12 men) who met the inclusion criteria in the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to September 2022. No.111 lymphadenectomy was performed using five-step maneuver as follows: superior to the diaphragm, starting caudad to the pericardium, along the direction of the cardio-phrenic angle and ending at the upper part of the cardio-phrenic angle, right to the right pleura and left to the fibrous pericardium , completely exposing the cardio-phrenic angle. The primary outcome includes the numbers of harvested and of positive No.111 lymph nodes. Results: Seventeen patients (3 proximal gastrectomy and 14 total gastrectomy) had undergone the five-step maneuver including lower mediastinal lymphadenectomy without conversion to laparotomy or thoracotomy and all had achieved R0 resection with no perioperative deaths. The total operative time was (268.2±32.9) minutes, and the lower mediastinal lymph node dissection time was (34.0±6.0) minutes. The median estimated blood loss was 50 (20-350) ml. A median of 7 (2-17) mediastinal lymph nodes and 2(0-6) No. 111 lymph nodes were harvested. No. 111 lymph node metastasis was identified in 1 patient. The time to first flatus occurred 3 (2-4) days postoperatively and thoracic drainage was used for 7 (4-15) days. The median postoperative hospital stay was 9 (6-16) days. One patient had a chylous fistula that resolved with conservative treatment. No serious complications occurred in any patient. Conclusion: The single-port thoracoscopy-assisted five-step laparoscopic procedure via a TD approach can facilitate No. 111 lymphadenectomy with few complications.

Evaluation of platelet/lymphocyte ratio in adult of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE Aimed to explore the correlation between platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and adult obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS).METHODS The data of 249 patients with OSAS were retrospectively analyzed.According to apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),the patients were divided into mild,moderate and severe groups.Meanwhile,there were 70 healthy adults who underwent physical examination in West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University in the control group.The differences of PLR between OSAS group and control group were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between PLR and AHI,percentage of sleep time spent below 90％oxygen saturation(TS90％),the lowest oxygen saturation at night(LSaO2)and body mass index(BMI).Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of OSAS.RESULTS There was no significant difference in PLR between OSAS group(1 16.91±40.98)and control group(110.04±36.92)(P＞0.05),but the severe group(112.03±39.68)was significant lower than that of moderate group(125.67±47.00)and mild group(131.22±36.64)(P＜0.05),severe group was lower than that in mild group(P＜0.05).In patients with severe OSAS,the BMI,AHI,microarousal index,maximum hypopnea time and TS90％in the obese group were higher than those without obese,the LSaO2 and PLR were significant lower than those without obese(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between PLR and BMI(r=-0.216,P＜0.01),and negatively correlated with AHI and TS90％,but there was no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05),PLR and LSaO2 were positively correlated(r=0.146,P＜0.05).PLR(OR=1.014,P=0.002)and BMI(OR=1.743,P=0.000)were independent predictors of OSAS.CONCLUSION Serum PLR values in OSAS patients tended to decrease with the increase of AHI values,and PLR was lower in obese patients with severe OSAS,and PLR was also an independent risk factor for OSAS.

Endoscopic endonasal surgery for traumatic optic neuropathy / 国际外科学杂志

Traumatic optic neuropathy(TON) is a direct or indirect optic nerve injury after head trauma leading to vision loss and blindness. As endoscopic techniques spreading, the surgical treatment of TON is mainly accomplished by endoscopic endonasal optic canal decompression. As lack of recognition, some patients elapse the optimistic surgical time. Even after aggressive treatment, however, a full recovery of visual acuity is diminished in TON, which carries substantial burden to both the patients′ family and society. The article reviews the advances in study in the timing of surgery, prognostic factors, and complications in endoscopic surgery for TON to improve the understanding of the disease.

The role of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of primary Sj?gren′s syndrome / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of IL-17A in the regulation of inflammatory factors and autophagy genes of PBMCs in pSS patients.Methods:Thirty patients fulfilled the diagnosis of pSS were selected, 20 mL of peripheral blood was drawn, PBMCs were isolated and divided into the PBMCs group, IL-17A stimulant group and IL-17A inhibitor group. After warm incubation 48 h of immunofluorescence was applied to detect microtubule-associated protein l light chain 3 (LC3), and the ELISA method was used to detect the expression of the inflammatory factors IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-13 expression. Real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of autophagy-inducing genes Ambra-1, Bif-1 and apoptosis genes Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL mRNA, and immunoprotein blotting was used to detect the expression of Beclin1 and LC3 protein. ANOVA was used to compare the differences between groups, and t-test was used for two-by-two comparisons. Results:The immunofluorescence results showed a significant increase in LC3 autophagic vesicles in the IL-17A inhibited group compared with the IL-17A stimulator group. The ELISA results showed that, compared with the PBMCs group [IL-4: (13.39±0.32) pg/ml, IFN-γ: (14.4±0.4) pg/ml, and IL-13: (854±36) pg/ml], IL-4 secretion in the IL-17A stimulated group (11.54±0.30) was decreased ( t=12.83, P=0.024), IFN-γ and IL-13 secretion [(17.6±0.4), (908±51) pg/ml] were increased ( t=19.35, P=0.033; t=2.55, P=0.020); compared with IL-17A inhibitor group [IL-4: (15.65±0.26) pg/ml, IFN-γ: (13.6±0.3) pg/ml, and IL-13: (792±57) pg/ml]. Compared with the IL-17A stimulator group, IL-4 secretion was decreased ( t=21.31, P=0.006), and IFN-γ and IL-13 expression was increased ( t=17.34, P=0.015; t=5.14, P=0.007). The PCR results showed that, compared with Ambra-1, Bif-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL mRNA expression (5.61±0.33, 5.04±0.60, 1.28±0.09, 1.56±0.03) in the PBMCs group, Ambra-1, Bif-1 mRNA in the IL-17A-stimulated group expression (3.76±0.24, 4.68±0.41) were down-regulated ( t=14.30, P=0.007; t=15.02, P=0.012), and Ambra-1, Bif-1 mRNA expression (7.91±1.17, 9.30±0.25) were increased in the IL-17A inhibition group, ( t=13.59, P=0.025; t=11.54, P=0.031), anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL mRNA expression (1.75±0.06, 2.43±0.16) was up-regulated in IL-17A stimulated group ( t=19.92, P=0.006; t=21.04, P=0.007) were up-regulated and Bcl-2, Bcl-XL mRNA expression (0.48±0.03, 0.83±0.10) were down-regulated in the IL-17A inhibition group ( t=29.44, P=0.027; t=16.31, P=0.023). The results of protein blotting assay showed that, Beclin-1 and LC3 protein expression (0.51±0.10, 0.559±0.010) were decreased in IL-17A stimulated group compared with Beclin-1, LC3 protein expression (0.72±0.09, 0.635±0.017) in PBMCs group ( t=14.38, P=0.034; t=17.99, P=0.014); BecLin-1 and LC3 protein expression (0.83±0.11, 0.737±0.025) increased in the IL-17A inhibition group ( t=9.72, P=0.027; t=22.35, P=0.007). Conclusion:IL-17A plays a role in pSS by regulating the expression of inflammatory factors IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-13 and autophagy related genes Beclin1 and LC3.

Associations between the sense of school belonging and mental health status among medical students during the post-epidemic period / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the status of medical students' sense of school belonging and its relationship with depression and anxiety symptoms in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods:An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 629 full-time students from 8 medical universities. The 18-item psychological sense of school membership scale (PSSM-18), 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) were used as measurements. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlations between PSSM-18, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the impact of lack of school belonging on depression and anxiety symptoms.Results:The mean score of school belonging was (77.31±14.12), and the detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were 25.97% (423/1 629) and 21.92% (357/1 629), respectively. PSSM-18 score was negatively correlated with PHQ-9 scores ( r=-0.52, P<0.001) and GAD-7 scores ( r= -0.49, P < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, students with low school belongingness had 4.33 times the risk of depression symptoms ( OR=4.33, 95%CI=2.48-7.43) and 5.85 times the risk of anxiety symptoms ( OR= 5.85, 95%CI=3.76-8.15) compared to students with high school belongingness. Conclusion:Lack of school belonging increases the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms. Under the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control, the school should strengthen health education and support services to improve the students' sense of belonging and alleviate their mental health problems.

Combined effects of low calf circumference and vitamin D deficiency on all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older adults / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the individual and combined effects of calf circumference and vitamin D levels on all-cause mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.Methods:The calf circumference was measured in the baseline survey in 2012 and 2014.Low calf circumference was defined as <34 cm for men or 33 cm for women at screening.Vitamin D deficiency was defined as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]levels <50 nmol/L.All participants were followed up until 2018, when death outcomes and survival time were collected.Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the effects of calf circumference and 25(OH)D levels on the risk of all-cause mortality.Results:A total of 3 052 older adults were included in the analysis, of which 1 960(64.22%)had low calf circumference and 2 245(73.56%)had vitamin D deficiency.After 10 559.9 person-years of follow-up period, 1 312 death events were recorded.After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, physical activities, cognitive function, and multiple chronic diseases, calf circumference and 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with the risk of all-cause mortality(both P<0.05). In the combined analysis, compared with the normal group, the risk of death was highest in the participants with both low calf circumference and vitamin D deficiency, which was higher than those with low calf circumference or vitamin D deficiency alone, with a hazard ratios( HR)(95% CI)of 2.51(1.81-3.45), 1.71(1.22-2.42)and 1.53(1.09-2.15), respectively.There was a significant additive interaction between low calf circumference and vitamin D deficiency on mortality(RERI>0). Conclusions:Low calf circumference and vitamin D deficiency are associated with higher mortality.Older adults with combined conditions had a even higher risk of death.Attention should be paid to joint screening and comprehensive intervention for older adults with both low calf circumference and vitamin D deficiency.

Poisonous substances and geographical distribution of poisoning in hospitalized children based on data from 25 hospitals in China from 2016 to 2020 / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the poisonous substances and geographical distribution of poisoning in children in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study. The clinical data of 8 385 hospitalized children from January 2016 to December 2020 were extracted from the FUTang Updating Medical Records database. These children aged 0 to 18 years and were admitted due to poisoning. They were grouped according to age (newborns and infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, adolescents), place of residence (Northeast China, North China, Central China, East China, South China, Southwest China, Northwest China), and mode of discharge (discharge under medical advice, transfer to another hospital under medical advice, discharge without medical advice, death, other). The poisonous substance and causes of poisoning in different groups were analyzed. Results: Among these 8 385 children, 4 734 (56.5%) were male and 3 651 (43.5%) female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3∶1. The age was 3 (2, 7) years. The prevalence of poisoning was 51.8% (4 343/8 385) in toddlers, 16.5% (1 380/8 385) in adolescents, 14.8% (1 242/8 385) in preschoolers, 14.4% (1 206/8 385) in school-age children, and 2.5% (214/8 385) in newborns and infants. Drug poisoning accounted for 43.5% (3 649/8 385) and pesticide accounted for 26.8% (2 249/8 385). Drug poisoning was more common in adolescents (684/1 380, 49.6%) and toddlers (2 041/4 343, 47.0%); non-drug poisoning was more common in school-age children (891/1 206, 73.9%), of which carbon monoxide was mainly in newborns and infants (41/214, 19.2%) and food poisoning in children of school age (241/1 206, 20.0%). Regarding regional characteristics, drug poisoning was more frequent in South China (188/246, 64.2%) and non-drug poisoning was more frequent in Southwest China (815/1 123, 72.5%). For drugs, anti-epileptic drugs, sedative-hypnotic drugs and anti-Parkinson's disease drugs had a higher proportion of poisoning in North China (138/1 034, 13.0%) than that in other regions. For non-drug poisoning, pesticides (375/1 123, 33.3%), food poisoning (209/1 123, 18.6%) and contact with poisonous animals (86/1 123, 7.7%) were more common in Southwest China than in other regions; carbon monoxide poisoning was more common in North China (81/1 034, 7.6%) and Northwest China (65/1 064, 6.3%). In Central China, poisoning happened more in toddlers (792/1 295, 61.2%) and less in adolescents (115/1 295, 8.8%) than in other regions. Regarding different age groups, poisoning in adolescent happened more in Northeast China (121/457, 26.5%), North China (240/1 034, 23.2%), and Northwest China (245/1 064, 23.0%). The rate of discharge under medical advice, discharge without medical advice, and mortality rate within the 5 years were 77.0% (6 458/8 385), 20.8% (1 743/8 385), 0.5% (40/8 385), respectively. Conclusions: Poisoning is more common in male and toddlers. Poisonous substances show a regional characteristic and vary in different age groups, with drugs and insecticides as the most common substances.

Clinical research of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 in China, and to improve the understanding of MIS-C among pediatricians. Methods: Case series study.Collect the clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations, treatment decisions, and prognosis of 64 patients with MIS-C from 9 hospitals in China from December 2022 to June 2023. Results: Among the 64 MIS-C patients, 36 were boys and 28 were girls, with an onset age being 2.8 (0.3, 14.0) years. All patients suffered from fever, elevated inflammatory indicators, and multiple system involvement. Forty-three patients (67%) were involved in more than 3 systems simultaneously, including skin mucosa 60 cases (94%), blood system 52 cases (89%), circulatory system 54 cases (84%), digestive system 48 cases (75%), and nervous system 24 cases (37%). Common mucocutaneous lesions included rash 54 cases (84%) and conjunctival congestion and (or) lip flushing 45 cases (70%). Hematological abnormalities consisted of coagulation dysfunction 48 cases (75%), thrombocytopenia 9 cases (14%), and lymphopenia 8 cases (13%). Cardiovascular lesions mainly affected cardiac function, of which 11 patients (17%) were accompanied by hypotension or shock, and 7 patients (12%) had coronary artery dilatation.Thirty-six patients (56%) had gastrointestinal symptoms, 23 patients (36%) had neurological symptoms. Forty-five patients (70%) received the initial treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin in combination with glucocorticoids, 5 patients (8%) received the methylprednisolone pulse therapy and 2 patients (3%) treated with biological agents, 7 patients with coronary artery dilation all returned to normal within 6 months. Conclusions: MIS-C patients are mainly characterized by fever, high inflammatory response, and multiple organ damage. The preferred initial treatment is intravenous immunoglobulin combined with glucocorticoids. All patients have a good prognosis.

Applicability assessment and application of the general self-efficacy scale among medical postgraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To assess the reliability, constructive validity and item characteristics of the general self-efficacy scale (GSES) among Chinese medical postgraduates using classical test theory and item response theory.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 021 medical postgraduates from 6 comprehensive level Ⅲ A hospitals in Beijing. Demographic characteristics and general self-efficacy were investigated. SPSS 24.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Internal consistency of the GSES was evaluated using Cronbach’s α coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient. Factor analyses were implemented to test the structure of the scale. An item response theory (IRT) framework with a graded response model was performed to estimate the parameters of each item. Results:The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the GSES was 0.92. Parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the GSES. The discrimination parameter of the 10 items ranged from 1.82 to 3.65, and the difficulty parameter ranged from -3.51 to 1.66, with a monotonically increasing trend. The maximum test information of the scale among medical postgraduates was 19.16. Conclusion:The GSES has good reliability, validity and measurement precision, showing a good applicability in the survey of medical postgraduates. However, the difficulty of specific items is relatively low, and the scale may be further optimized and improved.

The exploration of the significance of proactive healthy living index for the elderly based on the functional capacity of Chinese older people / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To explore the significance of proactive healthy living index(PHLI)to provide a reference for the elderly to maintain function through healthy daily life.Methods:The functional status of the elderly was defined based on gait speed and cognitive function.Logistic regression model was used to select the daily life indicators which could be the risk factors for the functional status, and a nomogram was graphed for its visualization.PHLI was formed according to the result of the nomogram.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was plotted according to the functional status of the elderly, and the cut-off value of PHLI was determined based on the principle of the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity.Results:A total of 4 971 participants with an average age of (70.9±7.5)years were included in the cross-sectional study, of whom 2 649 cases(53.3%)maintained normal function.The Logistic regression analysis showed that the housework had the most significant effect on the functional status of the elderly, followed by positive psychology( OR=2.04, 1.92; both P<0.001), increasing the likelihood of maintaining normal function by 104% and 92%, respectively.Regular life patterns, adequate protein intake, sleep quality and so on also influenced functional status of the elderly(all P<0.05). The PHLI median score of the elderly was 7.3(5.9, 8.3)points.The area under the curve(AUC)was 0.70(95% CI: 0.68-0.71), and the cut off value of PHLI was 6.8 points. Conclusions:The PHLI is associated with the maintenance of functional capacity in the elderly, which can be applied as a simple tool to provide reference for old people to keep functional health through living a proactive healthy daily life.

Research advances on antitumor mechanism of NK cells and its application in cancer targeted therapy / 药学学报

Natural killer (NK) cells, as an essential part of innate immunity, can directly identify and kill tumor cells after being activated by the synergistic action of surface inhibitory receptors and activated receptors. It can secrete cytokines to recruit dendritic cells (DCs), induce DCs maturation and enhance adaptive immune response. It can target cancer stem cells (CSCs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to inhibit cancer metastasis. NK cells have a unique inflammatory tendency, which can respond to cytokines and chemokines released from tumor sites and migrate to tumor sites, making them occupy an important advantage in cancer targeted therapy. The research on cancer targeted therapy of NK cells as drug delivery carriers, NK cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles, and NK cell extracellular vesicles (NKEVs) has attracted more and more attention. The article will focus on the mechanism of NK cells inhibiting cancer, and summarize the research progress of cancer targeted therapy of NK cells.

The Influence of Semi-Flipped Biochemistry Teaching Model on Students' Academic Achievement and Self-Cognition / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The "student-centered" flipped classroom teaching model can improve students' academic achievement, improve cognition, and cultivate innovation ability. However, it has obvious deficiencies in the integrity and systematization of knowledge as well as education. The traditional teaching concept based on " teacher-centered" has the unique advantages of systematization of knowledge learning and education. Therefore, we integrated the merits of these two different teaching models and introduced the semi-flipped classroom teaching model into the Biochemistry teaching of 2020 stomatology, pharmacy and preventive medicine majors in Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, compared with the traditional teaching of 2019 same majors. The data on the improvement of students ' academic achievement and self-cognition were analyzed. The results showed that the students' achievements of the semi-flipped classroom teaching model were better than those of the traditional teaching (P<0. 01). The students' self-cognitions were significantly improved after the implementation of semi-flipped classroom teaching (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). This study provides a reference for the related teaching and research work in medical colleges.

Analysis on the concentration of chloroform and risk factors of swimming pools in Bao’an District of Shenzhen City / 上海预防医学

Objective:To investigate the concentration level of chloroform in the water of swimming pool in Baoan District of Shenzhen City，and determine the risk factors. Methods:During May and July，2019，a total of 110 water samples from 40 swimming pools were collected in Xin’an subdistrict of Bao’an District for the examination of chloroform routine indicators. In addition， 38 pipe water samples were collected for the examination of chloroform and free residual chlorine． Results:The concentration of chloroform in the swimming pools was determined to be （43.400±27.802） μg/L with the median of 37.343 μg/L. Chloroform was correlated positively with total bacterial count（P<0.05），turbidity， free chlorine residual， and PH value（P<0.01）. Conclusion:The disinfection quality of swimming pool water in Bao’an District remains low. It is necessary to determine the risk factors associated with chloroform in the swimming pool and further reduce the concentration level of disinfection by-products.

Latest research progress: The health-related home safety assessment methods for the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

This article reviews the health-related home safety assessment methods for the elderly, and briefly introduces the development process of the "Person-environment fit" model from the concept, to the risk assessment method of environmental factors and then to the interactive risk assessment method of human-environment factors.Especially, this article introduces several risk assessment methods of residential environment, such as "The Enabler" human function and environmental obstacle assessment tool, the Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation(SAFER), the Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation-Health Outcome Measurement and Evaluation(SAFER-HOME), the Westmead Home Safety Assessment(WeHSA), the Home Falls and Accident Screening Tool(HOME FAST), the Cougar Home Safety Assessment(CHSA), the in-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation(I-HOPE), the In-Home Occupational Performance Evaluation for Providing Assistance(I-HOPE Assist), the In-Home Medication Management Performance Evaluation(HOME-Rx).

Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019 / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), in order to provide scientific evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in elderly patients.Methods:Clinical data of 102 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the B11 East Ward of the Zhongfaxincheng campus and the E1-3 ward of the Guanggu Campus of Tongji Hospital affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan from 1 February 2020 to 28 February 2020 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Patients were categorized into 2 groups: the elderly group(≥60 years old)and the young and middle-aged group(<60 years old). Differences in epidemiological features, demographics, clinical symptoms, laboratory results and imaging findings between the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 102 patients with COVID-19, 58 were in the elderly group(≥60 years old), with a median age of 67.0(63.8, 71.0)years old, and 44 in the young and middle-aged group(<60 years old), with a median age of 47.5(38.0, 51.8)years old.There was no significant difference in gender ratio between the two groups( χ2=0.033, P=0.855). Of 102 patients, 42.0%(21/50)had close contact with an infected person, 14.0%(7/50)were from infection clusters, and 18.0%(9/50)had suspected hospital-acquired infections.Fever and cough remained the most common symptoms, but gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, poor appetite, diarrhea and muscle cramps were also warning signs.Fatigue and cough were the most common presenting symptoms in elderly male patients.Bilateral patchy infiltrates(57.9%, 22/38)and ground-glass opacities(42.1%, 16/38)were the main imaging features and 42.1%(16/38)patients had multiple areas of the lungs involved.Over 50% patients had increased levels of blood glucose, D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, multiple cytokines and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, as well as decreased levels of albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes and serum calcium.Compared with the young and middle-aged group, the elderly group had higher rates of abnormality in levels of D-dimer and serum calcium( χ2=7.067 and 4.166, P=0.008 and 0.041). Conclusions:Fever and cough are the most common symptoms in elderly patients with COVID-19.Elderly patients with COVID-19 have multiple abnormalities in clinical laboratory test results, which show a certain level of specificity compared with young and middle-aged patients.