Sazonalidade e rotas de coleta influenciam a ocorrência de leite instável não ácido, a densidade e a crioscopia do leite fornecido a um laticínio no Norte de Minas Gerais / [Seasonality and collection routes influence the occurrence of non-acid unstable milk, the density and cryoscopy of milk supplied to a dairy industry in northern Minas Gerais]

Objetivou-se avaliar, nos meses, nas estações do ano e nas rotas de coleta, a ocorrência de leite instável não ácido (LINA) e de outras classes de leite, de acidez titulável, densidade e crioscopia em 10.654 resultados de laticínio localizado em Montes Claros, MG. Em rotas de coleta, agruparam-se:a)Bocaiúva; Brasília de Minas, Coração de Jesus e São João da Lagoa; b) Capitão Enéas e Janaúba; Francisco Sá; c) Icaraí de Minas e São Francisco; d)Juramento e Glaucilândia; e) Montes Claros; f) Pedras de Maria da Cruz, Japonvar, Lontra e São João da Ponte;e g) Ubaí. Foram avaliados frequências das classes de leite, teste do álcool, acidez titulável, densidade e crioscopiapor mês, estação do ano e rota. Com testes de qui-quadrado e análises de variância, verificou-se influência de mês, estação do ano e rota em acidez titulável, densidade e crioscopia. Análises de correspondência múltipla descreveram a associação de classes de leite e mês ou rotas e de teste do álcool, acidez titulável, densidade e crioscopia em relação às estações do ano.Por regressão logística, calculou-se probabilidade de ocorrência de LINA por grupos de meses e de rotas. Houve maior porcentagem de amostras dentro da normalidade. Resultados normais, LINA, amostras alcalinas e ácidas foram, respectivamente, 79,46%; 12,93%; 4,14% e 3,48% de 10.271 resultados. Positividade ao teste do álcool (n=10.561) foi mais frequente no final do inverno. LINA associou-se à transição da seca para chuva, com maior chance de ocorrência em setembro e janeiro. As rotas de Brasília de Minas, Icaraí de Minas e Ubaí apresentaram maiores desconformidades e probabilidades para ocorrência de LINA.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in the months, seasons and collection routes, the occurrence of non-acidic unstable milk (UNAM) and other milk categories, titratable acidity, density and cryoscopy in 10,654 samples from a dairy industry located in Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. Municipalities were grouped in collection routes: a) Bocaiúva; Brasília de Minas, Coração de Jesus and São João da Lagoa; b) Capitão Enéas and Janaúba; c) Francisco Sá; Icaraí de Minas and São Francisco; d) Juramento and Glaucilândia; e) Montes Claros; f) Pedras de Maria da Cruz, Japonvar, Lontra and São João da Ponte and g) Ubaí. The milk category frequencies and alcohol test, titratable acidity, density and cryoscopy of milk by months, season and routes were evaluated. Chi-square tests and variance analysis showed the influence of month, season and route on titratable acidity, density and cryoscopy. Multiple correspondence analyzes described the association of milk and month or routes and alcohol test categories, titratable acidity, density and cryoscopy in relation to the seasons. The probability of occurrence of LINA by month and route groups was calculated by logistic regression. There were a higher percentage of samples within the normal range. Normal, UNAM, alkaline and acid milk results were respectively 79.46, 12.93, 4.14 and 3.48% of 10,271 results. Alcohol test positivity (n=10,561) was more frequent in late winter. UNAM was associated with the transition from drought to rainy season, most likely to occur in September and January. The Brasília de Minas, Icaraí de Minas and Ubaí routes presented higher nonconformities and probabilities for UNAM occurrence.(AU)

Embarazo ectópico cornual, diagnóstico y tratamiento: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Cornual ectopic pregnancy, diagnosis and treatment: report of two cases and review of the literature

RESUMEN El embarazo cornual es un tipo de embarazo ectópico poco frecuente, caracterizado por la implantación del saco gestacional en los cuernos uterinos, cuyo diagnóstico es desafiante, ya que realizado de forma precoz disminuye considerablemente la morbimortalidad materna. En este trabajo se reportan dos casos de un embarazo cornual, ambos diagnosticados a través de una ecografía transvaginal: uno en una paciente asintomática, y el otro en una paciente cuyo síntoma principal fue metrorragia, ambos tratados exitosamente de forma quirúrgica. En la revisión describimos la incidencia, los métodos disponibles para su diagnóstico y distintas opciones de manejo del embarazo ectópico cornual de acuerdo al tiempo de evolución, además de su relación con la ley 21.030 de interrupción del embarazo en tres causales, promulgada el 2017.

ABSTRACT Cornual pregnancy is a non-frequent form of ectopic pregnancy, where the implantation of the gestational sac occurs in the uterine horns; its diagnosis is challenging, and an early diagnosis decreases the morbimortality of the mother. In this paper we report two cases of cornual pregnancy, both diagnosed with ultrasound, one of the cases is in an asymptomatic patient; the principal symptom in the second case was abnormal uterine bleeding, and both being successfully managed with surgery. In the literature review we describe the incidence, available diagnosis methods and different options for the treatment of cornual pregnancy accord to the evolution time; also its relationship with the law 21.030 of pregnancy interrumption on three grounds, published in 2017.

Seguridad de las fluoroquinolonas: riesgos habitualmente olvidados para el clínico / Safety of fluoroquinolones: risks usually forgotten for the clinician

Resumen Las quinolonas constituyen una familia de antimicrobianos de amplio uso y si bien son consideradas segura para los pacientes, el conocimiento del perfil de seguridad es necesario para que los profesionales estén alertas a lo que deben vigilar. Sobre el sistema músculo-esquelético, las quinolonas tienen el potencial de dañar cartílagos, provocando incluso muy excepcionalmente rotura de tendón. A nivel endocrino se ha observado hipoglicemia/hiperglicemia, por lo que en pacientes diabéticos se recomienda el control cuidadoso de la glicemia. Las reacciones adversas cardiovasculares son poco frecuentes, pero pueden ir desde alteraciones del ECG como prolongación del QT sin traducción clínica a graves arritmias que pueden ser de riesgo vital. En el sistema nervioso, destaca la aparición de alteraciones del sistema nervioso central y la neuropatía periférica. Durante la evaluación de la seguridad de las quinolonas es importante considerar las potenciales interacciones con otros medicamentos. En niños se prefiere no usar las fluoroquinolonas debido al potencial riesgo de daño a los cartílagos de crecimiento, efectos que no parecen ser tan dramáticos a la luz de la evidencia actual. A pesar del optimismo se debe evaluar la seguridad del tratamiento de estos antimicrobianos en todo paciente pediátrico.

Quinolones are a group of widely used antimicrobials. Although they are considered safe for patients, knowledge of the safety profile is necessary so that professionals become aware of what is necessary to monitor. At the musculoskeletal level, quinolones have the potential to damage cartilage, causing even tendon rupture in infrequent cases. Hypoglycemia / hyperglycemia has been observed at the endocrine level, thus, careful monitoring of glycemia in patients with quinolone is recommended in diabetic patients. At the cardiovascular level, arrhythmias induced by these antimicrobials are rare but severe. At the level of the nervous system, the appearance of alterations of the central nervous system and the peripheral neuropathy are emphasized. When assessing the safety of quinolones, it is important to consider potential interactions with other substances (medical products). In children it is preferred not to use fluoroquinolones because of the potential risk of cartilage damage and growth, effects that do not seem to be so dramatic in the face of new evidence. Despite optimism, the safety of the treatment of these antimicrobials should be evaluated in every pediatric patient.

Seguimiento de lactantes hospitalizados por bronquiolitis por virus respiratorio sincicial: Evolución clínica, respuesta de atopia inflamatoria y marcadores. Resultados preliminares / Follow-up of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis by respiratory syncytial virus: Clinical evolution, inflammatory response and markers of atopy. Preliminary results

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV) alone or associated to rhinovirus (RV) in the infant has been linked with more likelihood to develop asthma and atopy. Aim: Analyze clinical and immunological markers of patients with RSV or RV bronchiolitis that determine their evolution. Patients and Methods: We studied previously healthy infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis during the fall-winter period of2009 and 2010. RSV and RV by qPCR, and proinflammatory interleukins (IL). IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, IL-1fl and IL-12, were determined in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA). A follow-up clinical, indoor pollution and immunological study was done at 4 or 5 years. Results are expressed in median and range. Mann-Whitney’s test was used in the nonparametric statistical analysis. Results: Eight out of 22patients (36%) are currently with recurrent wheezing (RW) in treatment with budesonide 400 yg per day as a mean dose. In the IL assessment significant changes were detected only in IL-1fl that was increased and in IL-12 that was decreased in the RWgroup versus the non RW (NRW) group. There were not significant differences in both groups in age at hospitalization, infection severity, presence of personal or family atopy, co-infection with RSV and RV, presence of older siblings or indoor air pollution. Conclusions: The determination of IL-1fl and IL-12 in NPA for bronchiolitis could be an early marker of subsequent inflammation of the airway. Co-infection of RSV and RV does not get worse the clinical evolution. The group RW ofpreschool children had no further development of atopy than the NRW group. There could be other factors that contribute to the manifestation of bronchial inflammation in the RW group.

Introducción: Se ha relacionado la infección por Virus Respiratorio Sincicial (VRS) solo o asociado a Rinovirus (RV) en el período de lactante con mayor probabilidad de desarrollar atopia y asma. Objetivo: Analizar marcadores clínicos e inmunológicos de pacientes con bronquiolitis por VRS y/o RV que determinen su evolución. Material y Método: Lactantes previamente sanos hospitalizados por bronquiolitis, en el hospital Roberto del Río en el período de otoño-invierno de 2009 y 2010. Se determinó en aspirado nasofaríngeo (ANF) VRS y RV por qPCR, e interleuquinas (IL) proinflamatorias (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, IL-1fl e IL-12). Seguimiento clínico y estudio inmunológico a los 4 o 5 años. Los resultados se expresan en medianas y rango. Análisis estadístico no paramétrico con test de Mann-Whitney Resultados: 22 pacientes seguidos hasta ahora, 8 (36%) son actualmente sibilantes recurrentes (SR) en tratamiento con budesonida dosis mediana de 400 fg/día. De las ILs evaluadas sólo la elevación de la IL-1fi y la disminución de la IL-12 se objetivaron con diferencias significativas en el grupo de SR versus el grupo No SR. No hubo diferencias significativas en estos dos grupos en edad de hospitalización, gravedad de la infección, presencia de atopia personal o familiar, coinfección de VRS y RV, presencia de hermanos mayores ni contaminación intradomiciliaria. Conclusiones: La determinación de IL-1fi y de IL-12 en ANF durante la bronquiolitis podría ser un marcador precoz de inflamación posterior de la vía aérea. La co-infección de VRS y RV no empeora la evolución clínica. Este grupo de preescolares SR no tiene mayor desarrollo de atopia que los no SR. En este grupo de SR podrían existir otros factores que ayuden a contribuir a la manifestación de inflamación bronquial.

A dose-response curve for biodosimetry from a 6 MV electron linear accelerator

Biological dosimetry (biodosimetry) is based on the investigation of radiation-induced biological effects (biomarkers), mainly dicentric chromosomes, in order to correlate them with radiation dose. To interpret the dicentric score in terms of absorbed dose, a calibration curve is needed. Each curve should be constructed with respect to basic physical parameters, such as the type of ionizing radiation characterized by low or high linear energy transfer (LET) and dose rate. This study was designed to obtain dose calibration curves by scoring of dicentric chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with a 6 MV electron linear accelerator (Mevatron M, Siemens, USA). Two software programs, CABAS (Chromosomal Aberration Calculation Software) and Dose Estimate, were used to generate the curve. The two software programs are discussed; the results obtained were compared with each other and with other published low LET radiation curves. Both software programs resulted in identical linear and quadratic terms for the curve presented here, which was in good agreement with published curves for similar radiation quality and dose rates.

Laparoscopic assisted pancreatico-duodenectomy – Temperature variations.

We have evaluated the incidence of hypothermia during laparoscopic assisted pancreatico duodenectomy in twenty patients. The intravenous infusions, irrigation fluid and CO2 insufflated were not warmed and we lack facilities for patient warming. A mean drop of 1.9 c during laparoscopy over five hours and mean drop of 0.8 0C during the open phase were observed. Therefore warming the infusion and irrigation fluids and warming the patient are recommended to reduce the degree of temperature drop.

Lung resection for extensive lung injury causing severe hemorrhage.

We have presented here a case of a twenty three year old male who successfully recovered of a massive right lung injury by rapid transport, insertion of inter costal drain, emergency thoracotomy for resection of upper and middle lobes and post operative intensive care.

Minimal access esophagectomy: Review of technique.

Minimal access esophagectomy reduces the Post-operative morbidity associated with open procedure. We presented our technique which includes using double lung ventilation and a capnothorax to collapse the lung and using an adopted prone position for thoracoscopic mobilization.

Management of a patient with a bile leak from hepatico-jejunostomy performed for bile duct injury.

Bile leak is a known complication following hepatico-jejunostomy performed for bile duct injury. We presented a case history where a leak was successfully managed with an open abdomen which allowed sepsis to settle and facilitate natural healing.

Detección de serinocarbapenemasas de clase A y otros mecanismos de resistencia enzimática a β-lactámicos en cepas de enterobacterias con susceptibilidad disminuida a carbapenémicos, aisladas de pacientes de un hospital universitario de Santiago, Chile / Detection of serinocarbapenemases Class A and other mechanisms of enzymatic resistance to β-lactams in enterobacteria strains with diminished susceptibility to carbapenems isolated of patients in a university hospital

Background: The emergence of carbapenemase mediated resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has a strong clinical impact. This study aimed to do a genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the enzymatic resistance to β-lactams in clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems in a university medical center in Santiago. Methods: During April-September 2010 at Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, 23 isolates of carbapenem non susceptible Enterobacteriaceae were collected. We used PCR for the detection of class A carbapenemases (SME, IMI, NMC, GES and KPC) and the modified Hodge with the boronic acid test to phenotypically assess the presence of serine-carbapenemases. To assess extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) the CLSI phenotypic tests were performed. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) and AmpC were assessed with commercial tablets. Results: 18/23 were Klebsiellapneumoniae and 5/23 strains were Enterobacter cloacae. All PCR to class A carbapenemases were negative. 3/23 strains (all E. cloacae), were positive to the Hodge modified test and 1/23, a K.pneumoniae, was positive to the boronic acid test. ESBLs were detected in 14/23 os the strains and AmpC in 5/23. No MBL was detected. Conclusion: No class A serine-carbapenemasa was detected. The decreased susceptibility to carbapenems is probably explained by the β-lactamase activity and due to porin loss.

Introducción: La emergencia de resistencia a β-lactámicos por carbapenemasas en enterobacterias tiene gran importancia clínica. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar genotípica y fenotípicamente la resistencia enzimática a β-lactámicos en enterobacterias con susceptibilidad disminuida a carbapenémicos, en cepas aisladas de pacientes de un hospital universitario de Santiago. Metodología: Durante abril-septiembre 2010, en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile se recolectaron 23 aislados. Se detectaron serinocarbapenemasas clase A (SME, IMI, NMC, GES y KPC) mediante RPC. Se empleó el test de Hodge modificado y acido fenil-borónico (APB) para la detección fenotípica de serinocarbapenemasas. Se detectó la presencia de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido según CLSI y AmpC y MBL mediante tabletas comerciales. Resultados: 18 cepas (78,26%) correspondieron a Klebsiella pneumoniae y 5 cepas (21,74%) a Enterobacter cloacae. Todas las RPC para serinocarbapenemasas fueron negativas, en tanto, el test de Hodge fue positivo para 3/23 cepas, todas E. cloacae. Una cepa de K. pneumoniae fue positiva para APB. Se detectó BLEE en 14/23 cepas, AmpC en 5/23 cepas y no se detectó MBL. Conclusiones: En las cepas estudiadas no se detectaron serinocarbapenemasas clase A. Probablemente los mecanismos que explican la susceptibilidad disminuida a carbapenémicos, involucran resistencia enzimática, combinados con cambios en la permeabilidad de la membrana bacteriana.

Biomassa de Rubrivivax gelatinosus na criação de frangos de corte: desempenho animal e cor dos produtos / Biomass of Rubrivivax gelatinosus in broiler chicken feeding: animal performance and color of products

A bactéria Rubrivivax gelatinosus tem sido utilizada experimentalmente no tratamento despoluente de efluentes industriais de abatedouros de aves e peixes, originando uma biomassa contendo pigmentos carotenoides, substâncias que possuem a capacidade de conferir cor aos alimentos e proteger contra reações oxidativas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito da biomassa de R. gelatinosus adicionada à alimentação de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho animal e a cor de carne e pele. Duzentos pintos machos Cobb 500 foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 20 boxes para receber, do 36º ao 45º dia de criação, quatro tratamentos com diferentes quantidades de biomassa na ração (T1 [controle] - 0g/kg; T2 - 1g/kg; T3 - 2g/kg; T4 - 3g/kg), em cinco repetições. As pesagens de aves e rações para a análise de desempenho foram feitas no início da criação e ao fim de cada período de crescimento. Ao final do experimento (45 dias), 20 aves de cada tratamento foram abatidas para a determinação da cor objetiva (L - luminosidade, C - saturação, h - tom) em pele e carne de peito e coxa. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA, teste t para a comparação múltipla de médias e análise de regressão com nível de significância de 5%. O ganho de peso e o consumo das aves não diferiram estatisticamente entre si (P>0,05), enquanto o índice de conversão alimentar foi superior para o T1. A luminosidade da carne e da pele aumentou significativamente nos tratamentos que receberam a biomassa. O tom da cor em carne e pele aumentou em direção ao amarelo até a concentração de 2g de biomassa por kg de ração, ao passo que, na concentração de 3g/kg, o aumento foi em direção à tonalidade vermelha. Somente na carne da coxa a saturação da cor sofreu influência da presença da biomassa na dieta. Concluiu-se que, até a proporção de 3g/kg, a biomassa não prejudicou o desempenho e foi eficiente em pigmentar a pele e a carne de frangos de corte...

The phototrophic bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus has been used experimentally for the depollution of industrial effluents from broiler and fish slaughterhouses, resulting in a biomass containing oxycarotenoids, substances that impart color and protection against to oxidative reactions. This work aimed to check the effect of R. gelatinosus biomass added into broiler chickens' feed on animal performance and meat/skin color. Two hundred Cobb 500 male chicks were randomly divided into 20 boxes to receive, from the 36th to the 45th day of rearing, 4 treatments with different amounts of biomass in the diets (T1 [control] - 0g/kg; T2 - 1g/kg; T3 - 2g/kg; T4 - 3g/kg), in 5 replicates. Chickens and rations were weighted at the beginning of the rearing time and at the end of each growth phase to assess animal performance. At the end of the experiment (45 days), 20 birds from each repetition were slaughtered for the evaluation of the objective color (L - lightness, C - chroma, h - hue) on skin and meat of breast and thigh. Statistical analyses comprised ANOVA, t test for means comparison and regression analysis, at 5% significance level. Weight gain and feed consumption did not differ statistically (P>0.05), while feed conversion was better for T1. Lightness of meat and skin increased significantly in the treatments with the biomass supplementation. Hue angle of meat and skin increased towards yellow until 2g biomass/kg and towards red at 3g/kg. Chroma was only influenced by the presence of the biomass in thigh meat. It was concluded that the addition of the biomass up to 3g/kg was not harmful to birds' performance and was efficient to cause changes in the color of broiler skin and meat...

Trypan blue exclusion assay by flow cytometry

Dye exclusion tests are used to determine the number of live and dead cells. These assays are based on the principle that intact plasma membranes in live cells exclude specific dyes, whereas dead cells do not. Although widely used, the trypan blue (TB) exclusion assay has limitations. The dye can be incorporated by live cells after a short exposure time, and personal reliability, related to the expertise of the analyst, can affect the results. We propose an alternative assay for evaluating cell viability that combines the TB exclusion test and the high sensitivity of the flow cytometry technique. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of TB to emit fluorescence when complexed with proteins. According to our results, TB/bovine serum albumin and TB/cytoplasmic protein complexes emit fluorescence at 660 nm, which is detectable by flow cytometry using a 650-nm low-pass band filter. TB at 0.002% (w/v) was defined as the optimum concentration for distinguishing unstained living cells from fluorescent dead cells, and fluorescence emission was stable for 30 min after cell treatment. Although previous studies have shown that TB promotes green fluorescence quenching, TB at 0.002% did not interfere with green fluorescence in human live T-cells stained with anti-CD3/fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) monoclonal antibody. We observed a high correlation between the percentage of propidium iodide+CD3/FITC+ and TB+CD3/FITC+ cells, as well as similar double-stained cell profiles in flow cytometry dot-plot graphs. Taken together, the results indicate that a TB exclusion assay by flow cytometry can be employed as an alternative tool for quick and reliable cell viability analysis.

Estudo botânico, fitoquímico e fisico-químico de Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) / Botanical, phytochemical and physicochemical study of Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Euphorbia hirta L., popularmente conhecida por erva andorinha, tem sido utilizada no tratamento de distúrbios respiratórios e como antiespasmódico. Esse trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de determinar as características macroscópicas e microscópicas das folhas, caule e raiz dessa planta, uma vez que estas são as partes usadas popularmente. Algumas características de valor na sua diagnose foram apontadas e ilustradas por fotomicrografias. Reações de fitoquímica e a determinação do conteúdo de água e de cinzas foram realizadas no pó obtido da planta inteira, parte essa utilizada na fitoterapia Ayuverda. Na prospecção fitoquímica foram encontrados flavonóides, mucilagem, resinas e cumarinas. Na determinação do teor de água, de cinzas totais e de cinzas insolúveis em ácido, os valores encontrados foram 8,99%, 9,35%, 0,75%, respectivamente. Com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi possível obter parâmetros para o controle de qualidade das folhas, caule e raízes de E. hirta.

The Euphorbia hirta L. has been used in the treatment of respiratory disorders and as an antispasmodic. This work was carried out to determine the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the leaves, stems and roots of this plant, as these parts are commonly used. Some features of value in their diagnosis were identified and illustrated by photomicrographs. Phytochemical reactions and determination of water and ash contents were carried out in the powder obtained from the whole plant, the part used in Ayurveda phytomedicine. In phytochemical screening, we found flavonoids, mucilage, resins and coumarins. The values of water content, total ashes and acid insoluble ashes were 8.99%, 9.35%, 0.75%, respectively. The data obtained are important for the quality control of the leaves, stems and roots of E. hirta.

Overexpression of hsa-miR-125b during osteoblastic differentiation does not influence levels of Runx2, osteopontin, and ALPL gene expression

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were first isolated from bone marrow and then from various adult tissues including placenta, cord blood, deciduous teeth, and amniotic fluid. MSCs are defined or characterized by their ability to adhere to plastic, to express specific surface antigens, and to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic lineages. Although the molecular mechanisms that control MSC proliferation and differentiation are not well understood, the involvement of microRNAs has been reported. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-125b during osteoblastic differentiation in humans. We found that miR-125b increased during osteoblastic differentiation, as well as Runx2 and ALPL genes. To study whether the gain or loss of miR-125b function influenced osteoblastic differentiation, we transfected MSCs with pre-miR-125b or anti-miR-125b and cultured the transfected cells in an osteoblastic differentiation medium. After transfection, no change was observed in osteoblastic differentiation, and Runx2, OPN, and ALPL gene expression were not changed. These results suggest that the gain or loss of miR-125b function does not influence levels of Runx2, OPN, and ALPL during osteoblastic differentiation.

Lesões melanocíticas em suínos abatidos para consumo / Melanocytic lesions in pigs slaughtered for consumption

O presente estudo teve como principais objetivos conhecer a taxa de ocorrência de lesões melanocíticas (melanose, melanocitomas e melanomas) em suínos abatidos para consumo e identificar possíveis padrões de distinção e de classificação macroscópica dessas lesões. Para tal, procedeu-se à recolha de lesões melanocíticas em matadouro, durante oito meses, e à sua avaliação macroscópica e microscópica. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que as melanoses foram as lesões melanocíticas mais frequentemente encontradas (74,04%) e que, relativamente às lesões tumorais, os melanomas (malignos) foram os mais frequentes (21,15%) comparativamente com os melanocitomas (benignos) (4,81%). Pela análise comparativa das características macroscópicas e microscópicas, verificou-se que, nem sempre, por uma avaliação macroscópica, é possível a distinção entre essas lesões (melanoses, melanocitomas e melanomas). No entanto, identificaram-se, neste estudo, algumas características sugestivas da malignidade, como: o tamanho superior a 2,5cm, a presença de ulceração, a libertação de pigmento negro e a presença de coloração negra do gânglio linfático regional. É, portanto, de extrema importância a observação criteriosa e sistemática dessas lesões, para a avaliação das suas características, uma vez que a decisão sanitária é diferente consoante se trate de uma melanose, de um tumor maligno ou de um tumor benigno.

The main objective of the present study was to know the rate of occurrence of melanocytic lesions (melanosis, melanocytoma and melanoma) in pigs slaughtered for consumption and to identify possible patterns of differentiation and a macroscopic classification of these lesions. To this end, we proceeded to the collection of melanocytic lesions in a slaughterhouse during 8 months, and its macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. The results of this study demonstrated that melanosis were the most often found melanocytic lesions (74.04%) and that for tumors, melanomas (malignant) were the most frequent (21.15%) compared to melanocytomas (benign) (4.81%). By comparative analysis of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics we found that it is not always possible, with a macroscopic evaluation, to distinguish between these lesions (melanosis, melanocytoma and melanoma). However, in this study we identified some features suggestive of malignancy such as: size exceeding 2.5cm, the presence of ulceration, the release of black pigment and the presence of a black staining of the regional lymph node. Therefore, it is extremely important to make a careful and systematic observation of these lesions, with the evaluation of their characteristics, since the sanitary decision is different if they are melanosis, malignant tumors or benign tumors.

Óleo essencial de Baccharis trimera (Less. ) DC. sobre o potencial fisiológico de sementes de feijão caupi / The essential oil effects of Baccharis trimera (Less. ) DC. on the physiological potential of cowpea bean seeds

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito alelopático do óleo essencial de plantas de carqueja, Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC., sobre a germinação de sementes de feijão Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Foi avaliado o efeito do óleo essencial de B. trimera sobre V. unguiculata nas dosagens 20 μL, 15 μL, 10 μL, 5 μL e testemunha. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi determinada pela porcentagem de emergência, velocidade de emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 com cinco repetições. Não foi observado efeito inibidor do óleo essencial de B. trimera na germinação de sementes de feijão caupi, caracterizando-se como de efeito alelopático benéfico. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o óleo essencial de B. trimera revelou-se eficiente na manutenção da viabilidade dessas sementes.

This research aimed to evaluate the allellopathic effect of essential oils of the Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. plants on the seeds germination of cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. The effect of B. trimera essential oil on V. unguiculata was evaluated at levels of 20 μL, 15 μL, 10 μL, 5 μL and control. The physiologic quality of the seeds was determined by percentage emergence, the rate of speed emergence and speed emergence index. The data analysis was carried out using an entirely randomized design, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme with five repetitions. An inhibitory effect of B. trimera essential oil on bean seeds germination was not observed, which is characterized as a beneficial allelopathic effect. Based on the results, the B. trimera essential oil proved efficient in the viability maintenance of these seeds.

Viabilidade de sementes de feijão caupi após o tratamento com óleo essencial de citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) / Viability of Vigna unguiculata bean seeds treated with essential oil of Java grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt)

O tratamento de sementes com óleos essenciais é um método alternativo que auxilia o manejo integrado de pragas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tratamento de sementes de feijão Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. com o óleo essencial de citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt). Foi avaliado o efeito do óleo essencial de C. winterianus sobre V. unguiculata nas dosagens 20 µL, 15 µL, 10 µL, 5 µL e testemunha. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi determinada pela porcentagem de emergência, velocidade de emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência. A análise dos dados foi realizada no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, disposto em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 com cinco repetições. As sementes fumigadas apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre os parâmetros avaliados em relação à testemunha. O óleo essencial de citronela revelou potencialidade alelopática sobre a germinação de sementes de feijão que variou de acordo com a concentração do óleo.

Seed treatment with essential oils is an alternative method tool in integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. bean seeds with essential oil of Java grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt). The effect of C. winterianus essential oil on P. vulgaris was evaluated at levels of 20 µL, 15 µL, 10 µL, 5 µL and control. The physiologic quality of the seeds was determined by percentage emergence, speed emergence and speed emergence index. The data analysis was carried out using an entirely randomized design, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme with five repetitions. The fumigated bean seeds showed the statistics differences among the analyzed parameters when was compared with the no treated check. The essential oil of Java grass revealed allelopathic potentiality on bean seed germination which varied according to the oil concentration.

Avaliação das atividades antioxidante, anti e pró-hemolítica do extrato etanólico das folhas de Pterogyne nitens Tul. (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae) / Evaluation of antioxidant, anti- and pro-hemolytic activities of ethanol extract from the leaves of Pterogynenitens Tul. (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae)

A pesquisa de produtos naturais permite a descoberta de novos princípios ativos, ou ainda, a descoberta de novas atividades para extratos de plantas (amplamente utilizados pela população brasileira) e princípios ativos naturais já conhecidos. Pterogyne nitens é uma planta cuja descrição das atividades é relativamente recente e, portanto, tem no extrato bruto boa fonte para pesquisas na área de produtos naturais. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o perfil antioxidante do extrato bruto etanólico das folhas de P. nitens e possível interferência sobre a hemólise provocada pelo radical AAPH•. No estudo da ação antioxidante das espécies estudadas, ABTS•+, DPPH•, H2O2 e HOCl, encontrou-se os valores de IC50 de 5,0 µg mL-1, 17 µg mL-1, sem ação e 3,9 µg mL-1, respectivamente, valores relativamente baixos e que indicam bom potencial antioxidante. Foram encontradas atividades pró-hemolítica e anti-hemolítica para o extrato de forma concentração-dependente. O extrato estudado mostro boa fonte de moléculas naturais com potencial de ação biológica.

The search for natural products as a widespread practice enables the discovery of new active principles, or the discovery of new activities for plant extracts (extensively used by the population) and natural active principles already known. Pterogynenitensis is a plant whose descriptions of activities are relatively recent and therefore has in its crude extract a good source for research in the field of natural products. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant profile of crude ethanol extract from P. nitens leaves and a possible influence on the hemolysis caused by AAPH• radical. For the studied oxidant species, ABTS•+, DPPH•, HOCl and H2O2, the IC50 values were found of 5.0 µg mL-1, 17 µg mL-1, no action at all, and 3.9 µg mL-1, respectively, relatively low values, indicating a good antioxidant potential. Pro- and anti-hemolytic activities were found for the extract in a concentration-dependent way. The studied extract showed to be a good source of natural molecules with potential biological action.