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BACKGROUND:M2 macrophages have the function of reducing inflammatory factors and promoting tissue healing.Therefore,how to regulate M2 polarization of macrophages has been a hot research topic in recent years,and some miRNAs have been found to have this function. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of miR-378a on the polarization of the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line. METHODS:The M1 polarization of macrophages was induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ.Interleukin-4 induced M2 polarization and the expression of endogenous miR-378a in each cell type was detected using qRT-PCR to verify whether miR-378a was involved in the polarization of macrophages.By transfection with lentivirus as the vector of overexpression of miR-378a,the stable expression of miR-378a cell lines was screened.Macrophage M1 polarization was induced synergically by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ.Macrophage M2 polarization was induced by interleukin-4.The levels of M1/M2 polarization-related cytokines in the supernatant of the macrophage culture medium were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.qRT-PCR was used to detect the polarization characteristics of M1/M2-type macrophages and the mRNA expression levels of related cytokines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The expression level of endogenous miR-378a in Raw264.7 cells of each group increased after macrophage polarization.(2)Compared with the non-transfected group,the expressions of proinflammatory cytokine-induced nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in macrophage M1 induced polarization were significantly decreased in the miR-378a transfection group(P<0.05);the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in cell supernatant were also significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the non-transfected group,the expressions of CD206,interleukin-10 and arginase-I in macrophage M2 induced polarization were significantly increased(P<0.05);the levels of CD206 and interleukin-10 in cell supernatant were also significantly increased(P<0.05)in the miR-378a transfection group.(4)It is indicated that overexpression of miR-378a promotes the M2 polarization of macrophages and inhibits the M1 polarization of macrophages.
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Objective:To evaluate our self-designed pre-positioned 3D honeycomb guide device in the internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws for femoral neck fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 60 patients with femoral neck fracture who had been treated with cannulated screw fixation at Department of Orthopaedics, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to June 2022. According to the difference in intraoperative positioning for placement of cannulated screws, the patients were divided into a study group of 30 cases whose placement of cannulated screws was assisted by our self-designed pre-positioned 3D honeycomb guide device, and a control group of 30 cases whose cannulated screws were positioned freehand. In the study group, there were 17 males and 13 females with an age of (44.9±9.2) years, and 2 cases of type Ⅱ, 18 cases of type Ⅲ, and 10 cases of type Ⅳ by the Garden classification. In the control group, there were 11 males and 19 females with an age of (43.5±7.9) years), and 1 case of type Ⅱ, 16 cases of type Ⅲ, and 13 cases of type Ⅳ by the Garden classification. Closed reduction and inverted triangle internal fixation with 3 cannulated screws were conducted for all fractures. The Garden crossline index, operation time, fluoroscopy frequency, needle drillings, fracture healing time, and Harris hip functional score at the last follow-up were compared between the 2 groups. The postoperative imaging indicators in the 2 groups were measured, including screw spacing, distance from screw to neck cortex, screw coverage area, parallel deviation between screws, and deviation from screw to neck axis.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (14.4±1.9) months after surgery. In the study group, operation time [(33.1±5.5) min], fluoroscopy frequency [(13.7±2.2) times], needle drillings [(3.7±0.6) times], distance from screw to neck cortex [(12.4±2.8) mm], parallel deviation between screws in the anteroposterior view (2.2°±1.1°), parallel deviation between screws in the lateral view (2.4°±1.0°), deviation from screw to neck axis in the anteroposterior view (4.0°±0.9°) and deviation from screw to neck axis in the lateral view (3.2°±0.8°) were all significantly smaller than those in the control group [(46.5±8.6) min, (23.1±5.2) times, (11.0±2.2) times, (19.0±3.3) mm, 6.5°±2.6°, 7.1°±2.9°, 7.7°±2.6°, and 9.2°±3.1°] (all P<0.05). The screw spacing [(45.7±5.8) mm] and screw coverage area [(74.1±10.9) mm 2] in the study group were both significantly larger than those in the control group [(31.3±7.7) mm and (55.5±9.0) mm 2] ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in Garden crossline index, fracture healing time, follow-up time, or Harris hip functional score at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). Follow-ups revealed 1 case of bone non-union in the study group and 2 cases of bone non-union and screw withdrawal in the control group, but no such complications as infection, deep vein thrombosis, screw penetration or rupture, or femoral head necrosis in either group. Conclusion:In the internal fixation with percutaneous cannulated screws for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, our self-designed pre-positioned 3D honeycomb guide device can shorten surgical time, significantly reduce fluoroscopy frequency and needle drillings, and effectively improve accuracy of screw placement.
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Posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA) is a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and has attracted a lot of attention, but its mechanism of action and diagnosis are still not systematically studied in the field of sports medicine. In this paper, we believe that PTSA should be measured by full-length lower extremity films and combined with multiple imaging data for comprehensive assessment to reduce errors. A large PTSA may increases risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury, so patients with more than 12 degrees of PTSA should be treated by preserving meniscus as much as possible during ACL reconstruction and combining with tibial osteotomy if necessary, which could effectively prevent risk of ligament re-injury. At the same time, gait analysis has an important reference value for preoperative pathogenic pattern and postoperative rehabilitation function, so the author believes that it will have a guiding significance for the development of individualized rehabilitation strategy based on PTSA, in order to achieve the best treatment effect.
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Humanos , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Tíbia/cirurgia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Extremidade InferiorRESUMO
Aim To investigate the mechanism through which liraglutide (LRG) inhibited high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Methods Cultured H9c2 were divided into control (CON) group, HG group, low-, middle- and high-dose LRG (LRG-L, LRG-M and LRG-H) groups, LRG-H + autophagy inhibitor trimethyladenine (3-MA) group. The relative cell surface change was assessed phalloidin staining. Membrane bound Na, K
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The medicinal history of Pien Tze Huang is long, and it is the only "double top secret" variety of technology and formula at present. It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, detumescence and pain, cooling blood and removing blood stasis. At present, researchers have analyzed and identified some compounds in Pien Tze Huang and its precious medicinal materials, such as Panax notoginseng, calculus bovis, snake gall and musk, and conducted activity screening, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological related studies on these chemical components. It was found that Pien Tze Huang had a significant effect on the treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis, ulcer, colon cancer, liver cancer and other diseases. The purpose of this paper is to systematically discuss the research achievements of researchers in recent years on the material basis, pharmacological effects and clinical application of Pien Tze Huang, with a view to providing ideas for the further research of Pien Tze Huang.
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OBJECTIVE@#The barks, leaves, and branches of Cinnamomum cassia have been historically used as a traditional Chinese medicine, spice, and food preservative, in which phenylpropanoids are responsible compounds. However phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways are not clear in C. cassia. We elucidated the pathways by descriptive analyses of differentially expressed genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as well as to identify various phenylpropanoid metabolites.@*METHODS@#Chemical analysis, metabolome sequencing, and transcriptome sequencing were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference of active components content in the barks, branches and leaves of C. cassia.@*RESULTS@#Metabolomic analysis revealed that small amounts of flavonoids, coumarine, and cinnamaldehyde accumulated in both leaves and branches. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes associated with phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were downregulated in the leaves and branches relative to the barks. The observed differences in essential oil content among the three tissues may be attributable to the differential expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolic pathways.@*CONCLUSION@#This study identified the key genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway controling the flavonoid, coumarine, and cinnamaldehyde contents in the barks, branches and leaves by comparing the transcriptome and metabolome. These findings may be valuable in assessing phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolites and identifying specific candidate genes that are related to the synthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in C. cassia.
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Aim To investigate the effeets of liraglutide ( LRG) on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetes melli- tus (T2DM) rats and its mechanisms.Methods For¬ty male SD rats were alloeated into eontrol group, T2DM group, LRG group, and LRG + AMPK inhibitor Compound C group (LRG + CC ).Four weeks later blood glucose and blood lipids of T2DM rats were measured.The eardiae function was measured by echo¬cardiography.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD ) , glutathione ( GSH ) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) eontent were assessed with corresponding rea¬gent kits.Cardiomyoeyte apoptosis was analyzed by TXJNEL staining.The expressions of inflammation, oxi-dative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and AMPK/ mTOR signaling related proteins were deteeted by Western blot.Results Treatment with LRG alleviated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and improved heart function markers in T2DM rats.LRG inhibited inflam¬mation, oxidative stress and apoptosis and restored au- tophagy in T2DM rats by decreasing the expression of IL-6, TNF-a, IL-lp, N0X2, N0X4, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, p-mTOR/mTOR and the MDA con¬tent , and increasing the expression of Bcl-2, Atg5, Beclin-1 , LC3-II/LC3-I, p-AMPK/AMPK and the ac¬tivities of SOD and GSH.However, these effects were largely abolished by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C.Conclusions LRG exerts a protective role against dia¬betes-induced myocardial injury by ameliorating in-flammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR autophagy signaling.
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OBJECTIVE@#To systematically evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).@*METHODS@#Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and retrospective case-control studies about tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid for the comparison of THA or TKA were searched electronically in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP from the time of building databases to July 2020. Two investigators carried out literature screening and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria respectively. The methodological quality of the included randomized controlled studies was evaluated through the Cochrane Handbook, and the methodological quality of the included retrospective case-control studies was evaluated through the NOS scale. Blood loss, the incidence of thrombosis complications, per capita input of hemoglobin were Meta-analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 software.@*RESULTS@#A total of 6 articles were included, including 4 RCTs and 2 retrospective case-control studies. A total of 3 174 patients, including 1 353 in the tranexamic acid group and 1 821 in the ε-aminocaproic acid group. Meta-analysis results showed that there were no difference statistical significance in blood loss [MD=-88.60, 95%CI(-260.30, 83.10), P=0.31], blood transfusion rate [OR=1.48, 95%CI(0.96, 2.27), P=0.08], thrombotic complications [OR=0.80, 95%CI(0.07, 8.83), P=0.85], per capita hemoglobin input [MD=0.04, 95%CI(-0.02, 0.10), P=0.18] between tranexamic acid group and ε-aminocaproic acid group during THA. While in TKA, the blood loss of the tranexamic acid group was less than that of the ε-aminocaproic acid group [MD=-147.13, 95%CI(-216.52, -77.74), P<0.0001], the difference was statistically significant. The blood transfusion rate [OR=1.30, 95%CI(0.74, 2.28), P=0.37], thrombotic complications [OR=0.95, 95%CI(0.38, 2.36), P=0.92], per capita hemoglobin input [MD=-0.00, 95%CI(-0.05, 0.06), P=0.48], tourniquet time [MD=1.54, 95%CI(-2.07, 5.14), P=0.40] were similar between two groups, the difference was not statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#In THA, tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid have similar hemostatic effects, while in TKA, tranexamic acid can effectively reduce the patient's blood loss and has a better hemostatic effect. Tranexamic acid is recommended as one of the first choice hemostatic drugs for TKA.
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Humanos , Ácido Aminocaproico/uso terapêutico , Antifibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Artroplastia do Joelho/métodos , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Hemoglobinas , Hemostáticos , Ácido Tranexâmico/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
In this study, the rhizobacteria and actinomycetes of Polygonum multiflorum were screened for the strains with indole acetic acid(IAA)-producing capacity by Salkowski method, the siderophore-producing strains by Chrome Azurol S(CAS) assay, and the strains with inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing capacity by PKO inorganic phosphorus medium. The strains were identified by morphological identification, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16 S rDNA sequences. Furthermore, the effect of growth-promoting strains on the seed germination and development of P. multiflorum was tested. The results showed that among 196 strains, two strains F17 and F42 were found to be capable of producing IAA and siderophore and solubilizing inorganic phosphorus simulta-neously. For F17 and F42, the results are listed below: 38.65 and 33.64 mg·L~(-1) for IAA production, 0.85 and 0.49 for siderophore-producing capacities(A_s/A_r), and 1.35 and 1.70 for inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing capacities(D/d), respectively. Comprehensive analysis revealed that strains F17 and F42 were identified as Pseudochrobactrum asacharolyticum and Bacillus aryabhattai, respectively, and both could significantly promote the seed germination of P. multiflorum.
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Bacillus , Fallopia multiflora , Germinação , Sementes , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
Objective:To screen out stable internal reference genes suitable for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) analysis of different parts of<italic> Cinnamomum cassia</italic> and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var. <italic>macrophyllum</italic>,in order to provide stable internal reference genes for gene expression analysis of three different parts of and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var.<italic> macrophyllum</italic> branches and leaves. Method:With 6 different tissues and organs, such as bark,branches and leaves of two plants of <italic>C. cassia</italic> and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var. <italic>macrophyllum</italic> as experimental materials,Real-time PCR technology was used to detect the five internal reference genes, namely glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),actin,ubiquitin-ligase enzymes(UBE),histone and tubin(TUB). The analysis of the expression of the data. Furthermore, three commonly used internal reference gene analysis software,namely geNorm,NormFinder and BestKeeper,was used to analyze and evaluate the stability of the candidate internal reference gene. Result:The internal five reference genes were expressed in the bark,branches and leaves of the two plants,but with differences in stability. Comprehensive analysis showed that the expression stability of candidate internal reference genes was in the order of GAPDH>actin>UBE>histone>TUB. The internal reference genes of the two plants were analyzed separately,and the optimal internal reference gene was still GAPDH,indicating that GAPDH was the most suitable internal reference gene. TUB and histone ranked low in the three software,and should be eliminated in the screening of reference genes. They were not suitable for gene expression analysis of <italic>C. cassia </italic>and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var. <italic>macrophyllum</italic>. Conclusion:The most suitable internal reference gene for different parts of cinnamon,branches,and leaves of <italic>C. cassia</italic> and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var. <italic>macrophyllum</italic> was GAPDH. In this study,a screening system for internal reference genes of Real-time PCR of <italic>C. cassia</italic> and <italic>C. cassia</italic> var. <italic>macrophyllum</italic> was established to provide theoretical basis for studying functional regulation and expression of genes during the accumulation of effective components in different parts.
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Polygonati Rhizoma was first recorded in Mingyi Bielu(《名医别录》) as both medicine and food due to its high edible and medicinal values.However,there is no systematic textual research on its use as medicine and food. Polygonati Rhizoma and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma show similar morphology,so they are often confused.Clematis apiifolia and Polygonatum odoratum are often regarded as the original plants of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma. By reviewing the related records in Chinese herbal books of the past dynasties,this paper aimed to clarify the relationship between Polygonati Rhizoma,C.apiifolia and P.odoratum,trace the historical evolution of Polygonati Rhizoma as medicine and food from the name,harvesting and processing,property,flavor and meridian tropism,efficacy and indications,edible and medicinal records,and contraindications,and summarize its application in ethnic medicine,in order to inherit and develop the ethnic medicine. The findings demonstrated that the name of Polygonati Rhizoma and its synonyms were derived from its pictogram,function,and place of origin,containing a wealth of myth implication and Taoism thought.Polygonati Rhizoma,C.apiifolia and P.odoratum are three species,different from the conclusions in previous textual research. The seedlings,flowers,seeds,and rhizomes of Polygonati Rhizoma all could be used for edible and medicinal purposes,with its edible records exceeding the medicinal records. There were 22 medical books from the ethnic minority groups such as The Annals of National Medicine in Yunnan,Zhongguo Minzu Yaozhi Yao,and Dictionary of Chinese Ethnic Medicine recording the knowledge and application of 12 species in Polygonatum by 26 ethnic minorities.Due to their different living environments,lifestyles,and cultural customs,ethnic minorities have formed their unique medical cultures.
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Objective:DNA barcodes suitable for Lauraceae plants were screened,and 22 Lauraceae plants were identified and classified. Method:The DNA of 22 species of Lauraceae was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with different DNA barcoding primers,followed by electrophoresis and sequencing. Codon Code Aligner was used to proofread,splice, and remove the forward and reverse primer sequences. The sequence was imported into DNAMAN for multiple sequence alignment,and the base mutation sites were analyzed. The Kimura 2-Parameter(K2P) distance of different plants was calculated by MEGA,and the variation degree was analyzed according to the genetic distance. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the adjacency method. Result:Three pairs of DNA barcoding primers were used to amplify and sequence the DNA of 22 species of Lauraceae,and 20 species were identified by comparing the specific base sites of gene sequences<bold>.</bold> Conclusion:Four <italic>Litsea</italic> plants could be identified by <italic>matK</italic>, three <italic>Phoebe</italic> plants except for<italic> Cinnamomum validinerve </italic>by<italic> rbcL</italic>, and 20 Lauraceae plants by the combination of<italic> matK</italic>, <italic>rbcL</italic>, and <italic>rpoB</italic>,which provided a theoretical basis for the identification and development of Lauraceae plants. Among them,<italic>matK</italic> was predominant in the identification of Lauraceae plants,and the results also showed that the combination of sequences for plant identification could achieve a better result in DNA barcoding. This study investigated the genetic relationship between Lauraceae plants at the molecular level,aiming at providing a basis for the investigation,cultivation,development,protection, and utilization of medicinal plant resources.
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Objective:To explore the effects of diverse exogenous substances at different concentrations on the growth of<italic> Polyporus umbellatus</italic> mycelium and polysaccharide content and screen out the optimal growth condition for <italic>P. umbellatus</italic> mycelium, so as to provide a reference for its large-scale artificial cultivation. Method:<italic>P. umbellatus</italic> mycelium was cultured in media containing different exogenous substances using the method for fungal culturing in plate. The growth rate of the mycelium was judged by the colony diameter and the polysaccharide content was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. Result:The high-dose cyclic adenosine monophosphate, 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), vitamin (V) B<sub>1</sub>, VB<sub>3</sub>, VB<sub>6</sub>, VB<sub>9</sub>, and VB<sub>12</sub> all promoted the growth of <italic>P. umbellatus</italic> mycelium and elevated polysaccharides content. By contrast, indole acetic acid (IAA), VC, and VB<sub>2</sub> inhibited its growth, with the most obvious inhibition detected in the high-dose VC group. IAA and VB<sub>2</sub> both reduced the polysaccharide content, whereas the high-dose VC significantly increased the polysaccharide content. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, 6-BA, GA, 2,4-D, VB<sub>1</sub>, VB<sub>3</sub>, VB<sub>6</sub>, VB<sub>9</sub>, and VB<sub>12</sub> at the concentrations of 2 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>, 6 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, 15 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, 2 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, 4 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, 2 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, 4 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, 6 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, and 10 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, contributed to the growth of <italic>P. umbellatus</italic> mycelium<italic> </italic>and polysaccharide accumulation. Conclusion:The growth of <italic>P. umbellatus </italic>mycelium and polysaccharide accumulation can be regulated by adding exogenous substances to the culture medium.
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Tsaoko Fructus is a type of food with the homology of medicine and food,and has a long history of cultivation and application in China. With the deepening of the development and utilization of Tsaoko Fructus,its economic value has appeared obviously,and relevant industries have great potential,with an important role in poverty alleviation in mountainous areas. However,the plants source of Tsaoko Fructus are confused in the process of actual production and resource utilization,and there is a lack of systematic report about the origin of varieties and medicinal history. The paper focused on a textual research for its names,plant sources,changes of the genuine producing areas and traditional efficacy through consulting the herbal works and the analysis of modern literature. The results showed that the medicine of Tsaoko Fructus was first recorded in ancient literatures of the Song dynasty,and there were many aliases and synonyms of the herb, with a great difference between ancient and modern times. In modern records,the medicinal alias names such as Hongcaoguo,Tucaoguo,Caoguoren are similar with the Chinese name of Caoguo,but they are not the same kind of plant and shall be distinguished. In the Ming dynasty,variety and source of the herb was complicated,and it was often recorded as the same class of medicinal materials with Amomi Fructus Rotundus and Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen,until it was listed as a class of medicinal material and distinguished from confounding medicines in the Qing Dynasty. The prescriptions containing Tsaoko Fructus include Caoguoyin,Caoguosan,Caoguowan,Caoguoshushui. Tsaoko Fructus could be used as medicine with peel or only kernel according to different diseases,and mainly processed with water or wine. In addition,there are other processing methods,such as frying,salt-processing, ginger- processing,simmering flour. Ancient literatures have basically the same records on properties,efficacies and indications of Tsaoko Fructus,considering it was warm in nature with the effect in relieving vomiting,eliminating food,intercepting malaria,expelling phlegm. This study provided a theoretical basis for its origin,quality control and resource development and utilization.
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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of abdominal acupoint thread embedding therapy based on "brain-intestinal connection" combined with donepezil hydrochloride tablets and oral donepezil hydrochloride tablets alone for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and observe its effects on amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-amyloid protein@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with AD were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 3 cases dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with donepezil hydrochloride tablets (5 mg per day); based on the treatment in the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with abdominal acupoint thread embedding therapy at Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10), Huaroumen (ST 24), Wailing (ST 26), Daheng (SP 15), etc., once every 10 days. Both groups were treated for 2 months. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), activity of daily living scale (ADL), neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire (NPI) as well as the serum levels of APP and Aβ@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the MMSE scores in the two groups were higher than those before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#The abdominal acupoint thread embedding therapy based on the theory of "brain-intestinal connection" combined with donepezil hydrochloride tablets can improve cognitive function, self-care ability of daily life and mental behavior, and reduce the serum levels of APP and Aβ
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Humanos , Pontos de Acupuntura , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide , Encéfalo , Donepezila , Fragmentos de PeptídeosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To study the three-approach and traditional anterior medial technique to establish the femoral tunnel of position, length, and coronal angle and the early efficacy of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.@*METHODS@#Through retrospective research, from December 2018 to June 2019, a total of 36 patients diagnosed with simple anterior cruciate ligament tear and undergoing surgery were collected. All patients had a clear history of knee sprains and were divided into two groups. A group of 16 patients, including 11 males and 5 females, with an average age of (30.13±6.54) years and an injury time of 7 to 60 (30.19±15.78) days, three-approach technique was used to drill the femoral tunnel to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament. Another group of 20patients, including 15 males and 5 females, with an average age of (30.80±8.60) years, and an injury time of 7 to 60 (27.35±15.50) days, the traditional anterior medial approach was used to drill the femoral tunnel to reconstruct anterior cruciate ligament. CT 3D reconstruction technique was used to evaluate the femoral tunnel and the knee joint function was evaluated by Lysholm score of the knee joint.@*RESULTS@#All patients achieved primary healing after the surgical incision. No femoral tunnel fracture, vascular and nerve damage, difficulty in graft passage during the operation, and venous thrombosis occurred. All 36 patients were followed up on an outpatient basis, with a follow up period of 9 to 15 (12.00±2.83) months. Three-dimensional CT reconstruction was used to evaluate the femoral tunnel of the patients. The position of the femoral tunnel was described using the quartile method as the three-approach group:the lower (27.83±1.97) % of the femoral condyle and the posterior (25.57±3.20) %;the traditional approach group:the lower (28.38±3.21) % of the femoral condyle and the posterior (26.23±3.20) %. Bone tunnel length, three-approach group:(35.20±5.52) mm in total length, (23.20±2.07) mm in thick bone tunnel;traditional approach group:(34.60±4.26) mm in total length, (22.56±2.50) mm in thick bone tunnel. Coronal plane angle, three-approach group:(47.93±5.98) °;traditional approach group:(41.78±6.62) °. Knee joint Lysholm score, three-approach group:48.67±4.18 before surgery;97.00±2.48 at last follow up;traditional approach group:49.75±5.33 before surgery, 97.30±2.68 at last follow up, there were significant differences before and after surgery, no significant statistical difference between two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The positions of the femoral tunnel drilled by the two methods were within the range of the anatomic stop of the anterior cruciate ligament, and there was no statistical difference. Compared with the traditional anterior medial approach, the coronal plane angle of the femoral tunnel drilled by the three-approach approach is relatively large, and there were no statistical differences in the length of the tunnel, the early postoperative effect of the two surgical methods, and the operation time. But the three approach has a wider and clearer vision. In addition, the knee flexion angle required for drilling the femoral tunnel during surgery is significantly smaller than that of traditional approach technology, which reduces the difficulty of surgery.
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Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Reconstrução do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Fêmur/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the procedure of pre-transfusion testing and transfusion strategy of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated by daratumumab (DarA).@*METHODS@#The blood samples of MM patients before and after DarA treatment from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were collected, and the ABO/Rh blood group antigen identification and DAT test results were compared. The results of antibody screening and cross matching of the patients before and after inactivation of red blood cells with 0.2 mol/L dithiothreitol (DTT) were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#ABO/Rh blood group antigen typing showed no affecting in patients after treated by DarA; the result of DAT test showed negative. Irregular antibody screening showed that all the three cells(Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) were positive(1+~2+) and the self-control was negative. By microcolumn agglutination method, the main side of the multi-bag of blood showed no matched, while the secondary side showed all identical. After treated by DTT solution, the cross matching results in reagent red blood cells and the red blood cells of blood donors were both consistent, and the irregular antibody screening was negative. The K(+)O type erythrocytes used in parallel control were transformed into K(-)O type erythrocytes after DTT treatment. However, there was no significant changes in E(+) O type erythrocytes before and after DTT treatment. There was no condensation on the primary and secondary side of the condensed amine method. The primary and secondary sides of blood matching by saline method showed negative.@*CONCLUSION@#After treated by DarA, cross matching results from microcolumn agglutination method can be interfered by the residual drug antibody in MM patients, while the interference was eliminated in the presence of 0.2 mol/L DTT solution. However, no disturbance was observed when using condensed amine method or saline method. Therefore, corresponding transfusion procedures should be selected according to the emergency degree of blood transfusion to ensure the safety and timeliness of blood transfusion.
Assuntos
Humanos , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Transfusão de Sangue , Ditiotreitol , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapiaRESUMO
To select suitable references gene of Polygonum multiflorum for gene expression analysis in different tissues, five candidate reference genes like Actin,GAPDH,SAND,PP2A,TIP41 were selected from the transcriptome data of P. multiflorum, then the specific primers were designed. The expression stability of the five reference genes in different tissues of P. multiflorum was analyzed by Real-time quantitative PCR through avilable analysis methods such as geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta CT and RefFinder, to ensure the reliability of the analysis results. The results showed that there were significant differences in the expression levels and stability of candidate genes in different tissues of P. multiflorum. Ct distribution analysis of the expression levels of candidate genes showed that the expression levels of Actin and GAPDH genes were relatively high in different tissues, while the expression levels of SAND, PP2A and TIP41 were lower. The stability of each candidate gene was analyzed by different methods. The results of geNorm analysis showed that the expression of PP2A and GAPDH was the most stable, the expression stability of SAND was the worst, the stability of PP2A was the highest in both NormFinder and Delta CT, the stability of SAND was the lowest, and the stability of Actin was the most stable in BestKeeper analysis. Through the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the stability of candidate genes by RefFinder, it is concluded that the stability of PP2A gene is the highest, followed by GAPDH, Actin, TIP41, SAND, and SAND gene is the worst. Therefore, the PP2A gene is an ideal reference gene for the analysis of gene expression in different tissues of P. multiflorum.
Assuntos
Fallopia multiflora , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genes de Plantas/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Padrões de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Atractylodis Rhizoma(AR) is a traditional Chinese medicinal material for food and medicine, with the functions of eli-minating dampness, strengthening the spleen, expelling wind evil and dispersing cold. AR contains a variety of compounds, including sesquiterpenoids, alkynes, triterpenoids, aromatic glycosides, polysaccharides and so on. At present, the researches on AR mainly focus on volatile components, with relatively fewer researches on non-volatile components. Polysaccharide from Atractylodis Rhizoma(ARP) is an important material basis among non-volatile components for the efficacy. Due to its many biological activities such as immunomodulatory activity, anti-tumors, anti-virus and anti-oxidation, ARP has certain research value and potential. The diversity of the polysaccharide structure is the basis for biological functions, but it also increases the difficulty of carbohydrate research. The research on the extraction, separation, purification, structure and activity of ARP is in the preliminary exploration stage, still with many shortcomings. Herein, recent advancements in the extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological activities of ARP were summarized in this article to provide scientific reference for the in-depth systematic research of ARP and the development of AR resources.
Assuntos
Atractylodes , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Polissacarídeos , Rizoma , TriterpenosRESUMO
Six month old Cinnamomum cassia seedlings were used to simulate drought stress with polyethylene glycol(PEG 6000). The physiological indicators(osmotic substances, antioxidant enzymes, etc.) and chemical components of seedlings under different drought levels and the correlation between the two were studied. The results showed that the chlorophyll content and relative water content decreased gradually with the increase of PGE 6000(0, 5%, 10%, 15%) concentration and time(3, 5, 7 d), while the soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and catalase(CAT) activity increased, but the rising rate slowed down with the time. The activities of peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline content increased at first and then decreased. The content of coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and dimethoxycinnamaldehyde decreased, while the content of cinnamyl alcohol continued to increase.Under drought stress, the fluorescence signals of reactive oxygen species and no contents in roots of C. cassia seedlings were significantly stronger than those of the control.Further correlation analysis showed that coumarin content, di-methoxycinnamaldehyde content and osmoregulation substance content were significantly negatively correlated(P<0.05), cinnamic acid content was significantly negatively correlated with POD and SOD activities(P<0.01).It was found that C. cassia seedlings showed a certain degree of drought tolerance under short-term or mild drought stress, but if the drought exceeded a certain degree, the physiological metabolism of the seedlings would be unbalanced.