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Hepatic ascites is one of the common and difficult complications in the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis， and its incidence is increasing. In clinical practice， the prognosis of patients with hepatic ascites after surgery is worse， and the disease is recurrent. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has certain advantages in treating hepatic ascites. However， there is no uniform standard for the preparation of animal models of hepatic ascites in accordance with TCM evidence. Therefore， this paper summarized the literature on animal models of hepatic ascites and analyzed the existing animal models of hepatic ascites based on the clinical diagnostic criteria of hepatic ascites in TCM and western medicine. The results show that the commonly used modeling methods for hepatic ascites mainly include the single-factor method， composite factor induction method， surgical method， and immunization method. Most of them are guided by western medicine theories， and their pathogenic mechanisms are mostly consistent with those of western medicine and are different from TCM evidence. Therefore， it is suggested that TCM intervening factors should be imposed in the process of model preparation， so as to prepare an animal model of hepatic ascites that meets the clinical evidence characteristics of TCM and western medicine.
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ObjectiveTo collect and analyze the properties and application characteristics of external use of roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines in the Chinese Materia Medica（《中华本草》） to provide data references for the research on clinical external use of Chinese medicine， in order to provide data reference for clinical external use of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. MethodThe Chinese herbal medicines included in the Chinese Materia Medica were systematically screened. The inclusion criterion was the explicit mention of terms like "root", "rhizome", "root bark", "tuber", "tuberous root", etc. under the "Source" in the Chinese Materia Medica. Information on properties, flavors, meridian tropism, medicinal parts, fresh use, toxicity, efficacies and indications, and dosage of roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines was collected. The information was then entered into an Excel spreadsheet for statistical analysis. ResultThe Chinese Materia Medica records 2 662 roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines, of which 1 653 are suitable for external use. The predominant properties and flavors are cool, cold, bitter, pungent, and sweet. These Chinese herbal medicines mainly act on the liver, lung, and spleen meridians. The primary medicinal parts used include root, rhizome, and root bark. More than half of the roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines can be used in their fresh form. The main efficacies include clearing heat, removing toxins, resolving stasis, dispersing accumulation, resolving blood stasis and stopping bleeding, reducing swelling and alleviating pain, dispelling dampness and relieving pain. The main indications are skin sores, traumatic injuries, and rheumatic diseases. Common external application methods include poultice, decoction for washing, and applying powdered form. Most of these Chinese herbal medicines lack specific dosage guidelines for external use, with an emphasis on using an appropriate amount. ConclusionThe Chinese Materia Medica contains a wide range of roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines suitable for external use, with definite therapeutic effects, providing a broad perspective for the application of Chinese medicine externally. However, there are still problems such as unclear dosages and limited research. Further studies are necessary to better utilize the advantages of the external use of Chinese medicine.
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ObjectiveTo count and analyze the toxic traditional Chinese medicines and their characteristics in Chinese Materia Medica， so as to provide reference for the development and application of toxic drugs. MethodThe traditional Chinese medicines included in Chinese Materia Medica were screened one by one， and the inclusion criteria were "drug properties"， "usage and dosage" and "major poison， highly poisonous， poisonous， slightly poisonous， slightly poisonous" appearing in ancient books. Standard toxic traditional Chinese medicines were entered into an excel sheet for statistical analysis. ResultA total of 1 408 toxic Chinese medicines were included. The properties and flavors were mainly cold， bitter， pungent and sweet； the main meridians were liver， lung， spleen and stomach； the root， whole grass and leaves were the most used medicinal parts， and there were many toxic drugs. The pre-treatment methods are mainly sun-dried， fresh， fried， calcined， and sunburned； the efficacy categories are mainly heat-clearing drugs， rheumatism drugs， blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs； oral administration methods are mainly decoctions， pills， and powders ， mainly for external application， dipping， and coating； the dosage for oral administration is mostly 9-15 g， 3-9 g， 3-6 g， and an appropriate amount is mainly for external use. ConclusionThere are many toxic Chinese medicines clearly recorded in Chinese Materia Medica， but only 83 kinds of clearly toxic Chinese medicines are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia， which need to be further strengthened by experimental observation and clinical data verification. The clinical application of toxic traditional Chinese medicine is mainly based on heat toxin blood syndrome and rheumatic arthralgia， which is closely related to its nature， taste and meridian return. Able to move， has the effect of activating Qi and activating blood， "sweet" can replenish energy and slow down， and has the effect of tonic， alleviation and pain relief， and mostly used for the treatment of heat syndrome， blood syndrome and arthralgia syndrome. However， there are certain limitations in the classification and processing conditions of toxic traditional Chinese medicines， which need to be further improved and scientifically verified.
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ObjectiveTo count and analyze the toxic traditional Chinese medicines and their characteristics in Chinese Materia Medica， so as to provide reference for the development and application of toxic drugs. MethodThe traditional Chinese medicines included in Chinese Materia Medica were screened one by one， and the inclusion criteria were "drug properties"， "usage and dosage" and "major poison， highly poisonous， poisonous， slightly poisonous， slightly poisonous" appearing in ancient books. Standard toxic traditional Chinese medicines were entered into an excel sheet for statistical analysis. ResultA total of 1 408 toxic Chinese medicines were included. The properties and flavors were mainly cold， bitter， pungent and sweet； the main meridians were liver， lung， spleen and stomach； the root， whole grass and leaves were the most used medicinal parts， and there were many toxic drugs. The pre-treatment methods are mainly sun-dried， fresh， fried， calcined， and sunburned； the efficacy categories are mainly heat-clearing drugs， rheumatism drugs， blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs； oral administration methods are mainly decoctions， pills， and powders ， mainly for external application， dipping， and coating； the dosage for oral administration is mostly 9-15 g， 3-9 g， 3-6 g， and an appropriate amount is mainly for external use. ConclusionThere are many toxic Chinese medicines clearly recorded in Chinese Materia Medica， but only 83 kinds of clearly toxic Chinese medicines are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia， which need to be further strengthened by experimental observation and clinical data verification. The clinical application of toxic traditional Chinese medicine is mainly based on heat toxin blood syndrome and rheumatic arthralgia， which is closely related to its nature， taste and meridian return. Able to move， has the effect of activating Qi and activating blood， "sweet" can replenish energy and slow down， and has the effect of tonic， alleviation and pain relief， and mostly used for the treatment of heat syndrome， blood syndrome and arthralgia syndrome. However， there are certain limitations in the classification and processing conditions of toxic traditional Chinese medicines， which need to be further improved and scientifically verified.
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Objective To explore clinic effect analysis of improved V-shaped osteotomy to correct thoracolumbar kyphosis. Methods A total of 64 patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis were divided into two groups, traditional group and improved group, the traditional surgery group of 30 patients underwent the traditional V-shaped osteotomy, includ-ing 20 males and 10 females with an age range of 45 to 68 years. Improved surgery group of 34 patients underwent the improved V-shaped osteotomy, including 22 males and 12 females with an age range of 53 to 65 years. Perioperative complications and Cobb angle of kyphosis were compared between two groups. Results The improved group and tradi-tional group in correction Cobb of kyphosis had no obvious difference(P>0.05), the incidence of postoperative gastroin-testinal complications in improved group was obviously lower than traditional group with statistical difference(P<0.05). Conclusion The improved V-shaped osteotomy surgery can correct thoracolumbar kyphosis with cobb angle< 80o and the gastrointestinal complications and vascular events can be significantly reduced.