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Objective:To explore the associations between anxiety and family rearing styles and sleep habits in preschool children.Methods:From March to October 2019, a total of 100 preschool children (47 boys and 53 girls) were investigated by Spence Children′s anxiety scale, Family rearing style Evaluation scale (parents′ version) and self-made sleep habit questionnaire.Results:There was no significant difference in the total score of anxiety between girls and boys: (55.12 ± 9.89) scores vs. (53.40 ± 11.82) scores, P > 0.05. The parent′s acrasia-control was positively correlated with children′s social anxiety dimension and total score of anxiety ( r = 0.202 and 0.202, P<0.05), the parent′s reception-rejection was positively correlated with children′s generalized anxiety dimension ( r = 0.237, P<0.05), and children′s sleep duration was negatively correlated with physical injury fear dimension and the total score of anxiety ( r = -0.230 and -0.203, P<0.05). The anxiety scores in children who slept in the same bed was significantly higher than that in children who slept alone and who slept in different beds in the same room: (53.57 ± 9.75) scores vs. (50.21 ± 13.89) and (50.48 ± 11.50) scores, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05); there was no difference in the total score of anxiety between children who slept alone and who slept in different beds ( P>0.05). Multivariate analysis result showed that children′s age, sex, sleep duration, parents′ acrasia-control and partial-rough were the predictors of children′s anxiety ( P<0.05 or<0.01). Conclusions:Different family rearing styles and children′s bed sleeping styles significantly affect the anxiety of preschool children. Parents should pay attention to the positive effects of good rearing styles and children′s separate sleep on anxiety.
RESUMO
Objective To determine the development characteristics of social anxiety of peasant-worker's children in Harbin,and explore the effect of gender,parents quarrel,parents divorced and maternal factors on social anxiety.The study provided a scientific basis for the intervention of social anxiety.Methods The children in grade 1-5 from 3 schools in Harbin were collected by random cluster sampling in 2012.Then the same questionnaire was used to track the peasant-worker's children in 2014.The questionnaire included general information,Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC),Egna Minnen av Bardndosna Uppforstran (EMBU),Acceptance Subscale and Psychological Control Scale.Results (1) The detection rates of social anxiety of peasant-worker's children in 2012 and 2014 were respectively 29.3％,30.2％,and the detection rates had no significant difference (x2=0.111,P=0.790).But there was significantly difference between the two years(2012:6.90±4.26;2014:5.88±4.20;t=3.419,P=0.001).Children of newly occurring social anxiety in high grade was fewer and the ability to symptom relief was better.There was no significant difference between boys and girls on newly occurring and symptom relief(newly occurring:x2=0.018,P=0.910;symptom relief:x2 =0.541,P=0.518).(2) In 2012,the differences of the detection rate of children's social anxiety on parents quarrel,parents divorced were not significant (parents quarrel:x2 =0.881,P=0.393;parents divorced:x2=0.246,P=0.658).In 2014,the detection rate of children's social anxiety on parents quarrel,parents divorced were significantly higher than children in normal families (parents quarrel:x2=11.758,P=0.001;parents divorced:x2 =9.907,P=0.004).The detection rate of children's social anxiety of divorced parents increased with age(x2 =4.398,P=0.041).(3) In 2012 and 2014,children' s social anxiety had positive correlation with mother excessive interference and over-protective,mother refusing and denying,mother punishment,and had negative correlation with mother acceptance (P＜ 0.05).In 2014,it had positive correlation with mother control and negative correlation with mother emotional warmth understanding (P＜0.05).(4) In 2012,the regression coefficient of mother refusing and denying was 0.186.In 2014,the regression coefficient of mother acceptance and control were-0.266,0.169.Conclusion Social anxiety can be spontaneous remission,and the ability was better in high grade.Parents quarrel,parents divorced and maternal factors can affect the development of peasant-worker's children' s social anxiety,which should be concerned.