A case-control study of two internal fixation methods in the treatment of comminuted fracture of inferior pole of patella / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effects of tension band combined with patellar cerclage and memory alloy patellar concentrator fixation in the treatment of comminuted fracture of the lower pole of patella.@*METHODS@#From July 2015 to July 2019, 60 patients with distal patellar fracture were treated and were divided into two groups according to different operation methods. In group A, 30 patients were fixed with memory alloy patellar concentrator (NiTi PC), 17 males and 13 females, aged 20 to 71 (39.4±9.9) years, including 19 cases of falling injury, 9 cases of traffic injury and 2 cases of sports injury. The time from injury to operation was 10 to 75 (33.1±7.8) hours; 30 cases in group B were fixed with tension band andcerclage, 15 males and 15 females, aged 21 to 76 (38.6±10.2) years, including 17 cases of falling injury, 12 cases of traffic injury and 1 case of smashing injury. The time from injury to operation was 10 to 91 (34.5±9.1) hours. The curative effects of two groups were observed and compared.@*RESULTS@#All 60 patients were followed up for 9 to 30 months. There was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding, operation time, follow-up time and fracture healing time between the two groups. Six months after operation, according to the Bostman function score of knee joint:30 cases in group A, the total score was 28.6±4.7, of which 26 cases were excellent and 4 cases were good. The total score of 30 cases in group B was 25.5±4.4, of which 20 cases were excellent, 8 cases were good and 2 cases were poor. There were significant differences in Bostman total score and curative effect evaluation between two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Memory alloy patellar concentrator is strong and reliable in the treatment of inferior patellar fracture. It can take early rehabilitation exercise after operation, with good recovery of joint function and range of motion and less complications.

Advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate for the treatment of middle and distal tibia nonunion / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore methods of treating middle and distal tibia nonunion with the treatment of advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2011 to December 2012, 12 patients with middle and distal tibia nonunion were treated with advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate. Among patients, there were 8 males and 4 females aged from 20 to 69 with an average of 47 years old. The time from first injuries to bone nonunion was from 9 months to 5 years, avergaed 19 months. Four cases were treated with external fixation, 6 cases were treated with plate fixation, 2 cases of 12 patients occurred broken of plate and nail. Eleven patients were non-infective bone nonunion and 1 patient was infective bone nonunion. Preoperative X-ray and CT showed all patients had sequestration and formation of ossified bone with different degrees. Operative time, blood loss, wound healing were observed, fracture healing time was evaluated by postoperative X-ray. Johner-Wruhs scoring standards was used to evaluate ankle joint function after operation at 10 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Operative time ranged from 90 to 185 min with an average of (125.00±20.15) min; blood loss ranged from 225 to 750 ml with an average of (415.00±120.00) ml. All patients were followed up from 10 months to 2.5 years with an average of 1.5 years. Postoperative X-ray showed bone union was formed around fracture after operation at 4 months in all patients, 3 cases obtained bone healing within 6 months after operation, 9 cases obtained from 8 to 12 months. No infection, injury of nerve and vessles, and broken of plate and nail were ocurred. According to Johner-Wruhs scoring at 10 months after operation, 10 cases obtained excellent results, 1 good and 1 moderate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate, which can build fracture multi-point supporting based on full compression of bone nonunion to get effective fixation, is an effective method in treating middle and distal tibia nonunion.</p>

Posterior partial trochanteric osteotomy for the treatment of the roof involved acetabular fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce a new trochanteric osteotomy,and evaluate the outcome of the procedure combined a posterior lateral approach in treating acetabular fractures which involving the roof.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between March 2007 and Novmber 2010,30 patients with displaced acetabular fractures involving the dome need trochanteric osteotomy were retrospectively reviewed. There were 21 males and 9 females,ranging in age from 18 to 70 years with an average of 35.2 years at the time of injury. According to Letournel-Judet classification, there were 10 posterior wall fractures,7 posterior column fractures,5 transverse fractures, 2 T-shape fractures, 1 transverse associated with posterior wall fracture, 3 posterior column and wall fractures and 2 bicolumn fractures. The standards of Matta,the modified Merle d'Aubigne-Postel, Medical Research Council were respectively used to evaluate the reduction result, function of hip joint and the strength of hip abduction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up with an average time of 25 months (18 to 40) and all osteotomy sites obtained bone union with an average time of 8.4 weeks (6 to 12). No bone non-union, bone block displaceing, internal fixation looseing and breaking,infection of deep part were found. Seventeen patients got anatomic reduction, 12 got satisfied reduction, and 1 got unsatisfied result according to the criteria of Matta. At final follow-up, function of hip joint obtained excellent results in 11 cases, good in 15, fair in 3 and poor in 1. The strength of the abductors of 3 patients were grade 4 and 27 patients were grade 5.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Posterior partial great trochanteric osteotomy can enhance the exposure and provide a more accurate reduction and degrade the difficulty of acetabular fracture fixation without increasing the risk of complications. The method provide a new way for the treatment of the roof involved acetabular fractures.</p>

Case-control study on two methods for the treatment of calcaneal fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinical results of percutaneous reduction and hollow screw internal fixation for the treatment of calcaneal fractures, and to compare therapeutic effects between close reduction hollow screw internal fixation and open reduction plate internal fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2007 to May 2010, 53 patients with calcaneal fractures were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into two groups, 25 patients in group A (PR group) treated with percutaneous reduction and hollow screw internal fixation, including 17 males and 8 females, with an average age of (39.4 +/- 9.9) years. While 28 patients in group B (OR group) treated with open reduction and plate internal fixation, including 18 males and 10 females, with an average age of (38.6 +/- 10.2) years. According to Sanders classification, there were 18 patients with type II fractures, 29 patients with type III and 6 type IV. In both groups, operative time, blood loss, postoperative complications and radiology were recorded. Functional recovery was evaluated by Maryland score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from nine months to thirty-five months (averaged 20.4 months). There were no significant differences in sex, age, fracture type, fracture classification, initial Böhler angle, or late complications between the two groups. But significant difference can be seen between operative time, blood loss, and skin complications (in group A no nonunion and skin complications occurred, but subtalar posttraumatic arthritis occurred in 1 case; in group B, 3 patients had complications of skin necrosis, 1 patient suffered from a delayed union due to large defect filled with artificial bone, and 1 patient got subtalar posttraumatic arthritis). No difference were found in the latest X-ray film. According to Maryland score, in group A, 8 got an excellent result and 12 good. In group B, 10 got an excellent and 14 good. There were no significant differences between the two groups in Margland score.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study suggest that in comparison with open reduction, percutaneous reduction and hollow screw internal fixation minimizes complications and achieves good results. Further study of this technique is needed.</p>

Treatment of syndesmosis diastasis with shape memory staple fixation in ankle fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore operative method in the treatment of syndesmosis injury of ankle fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four patients with ankle fractures and syndesmosis diastasis were treated with shape memory fracture staples, including 10 males and 14 females ranging in age from 19 to 71 years, with an average of 43 years. All patients were diagnosised with history, body examination and image data and were operated according to classification of Lauge-Hansen.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 6 to 28 months with an average of 16 months, and all fractures healed, with a mean time 9.2 (8 to 14) weeks. Only one case had radiological and clinical manifestations of traumatic arthritis, but no breakage of shape memory fracture staple in all cases. Sixteen patients got excellent results, good in 5, fair in 2, poor in 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Shape memory staple fixation for the treatment of syndesmosis diastasis in ankle fractures not only can perseve the physical motion of ankles, but also be remove earlier before weight bearing.</p>

Design of ABC damage variable and positioning system for acetabular fractures and 1122 cases multi-center statistic analysis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To design ABC damage variable and positioning system for acetabular fracture and explore the feasibility and clinical practical value of the system through the multi-center analysis of 1122 acetabular fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to acetabular three-column conception, and pelvic ring lesions damage direction caused by acetabular fracture domino effect and injury degree of proximal femur joint, it defined class A as any column acetabular fracture; class B as any two-column acetabular fracture; class C as front, dome and posterior mixture acetabular fracture. Lower case English letters a, m, p represented front, dome, posterior fracture, respectively. Acetabular damage variables: 1 was simple displaced fractures; 2 was comminuted fractures; 3 was compression fractures. Pelvic ring lesions damage variables: alpha was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture horizontal separation deflection; beta was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture vertical separation deflection; gamma was pubic symphysis separation/superior and inferior ramus of pubis fracture deflection; alpha beta gamma delta was compound floating damage. Proximal humerus joint damage variables: I was femoral head fracture; II was femoral neck fracture; II was intertrochanteric fractures of femur; IV was I to III compound fracture. The ABC damage variable positioning system for acetabular fracture was made up by the above-mentioned variables. The statistics from March 1997 to February 2010 showed 1122 cases acetabular fractures with 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and 1140 cases of acetabular fractures. The pelvics anterior-posterior view, ilium and obturator oblique view, and 2/3D-CT materials were analyzed and researched.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Each damage variables distribution situation in 1140 cases of acetabular fracture involved A in 237 cases (20.8%), B in 605 cases (53.1%), C in 298 cases (26.1%);front column fracture in 808 cases(70.9%), dome fracture in 507 cases (44.5%), posterior fracture in 1026 cases (90%). Acetabular variables: variabe 1 in 203 cases of simple displaced fracture (17.8%); variabe 2 in 516 cases of comminuted fracture(45.3%); variabe 3 in 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring lesions damage (21.8%), 75 cases femoral head fracture (6.6%); 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and relative pelvic ring and proximal humerus joint variables (1.58%). Key part and curative effect elements of 1140 cases acetabular fracture: 507 cases of dome or posterior acetabular fracture (44.5%); 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring variables (21.8%); 75 cases of proximal humerus joint variables (6.6%); 486 cases of simple Aa/pl/2,Bapl/2 acetabular fracture (42.6% ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compression fracture, especially defected compression fracture, takes important part in acetabular damage variables, and also presents that acetabular fracture with pelvic ring and proximal femoral damage variables are not rare at all. The relationship of the acetabular fracture damage variables, and its percentage shows the key points and elements in clinical treatment: weight-bearing to dome accounts for 44.5%; compression to defects account for 36.9%, pelvic ring to float accounts for 21.8%; dome fracture to double side fracture account for 6.6%. The system has significant guiding effects on clinic in terms of evaluation of injury severity, anatomic localization, difficulty index, alternative strategy, operative approach, effect of treatment,and prognosis. And the most important thing is that the system creates the comparison of damage variables in same type of fracture and the communication of homo-language and explores a new method.</p>

Treatment of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fractures with dynamic hip screw and shape memory alloy bow-teeth screw / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effect of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fractures with dynamic hip screw and shape memory alloy bow-teeth screw.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve patients with Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fractures were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 4 females with an average age of 53 years (range 31 to 65 years). Seven cases were caused by traffic accident, 4 cases by falling from hight, 1 case by heavy object. According to the Seinsheimer classification, all the cases were type V fractures. All the cases accepted the surgical treatment with dynamic hip screw and shape memory alloy bow-teeth screw fixation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean period of follow-up was 28 months (range 20 to 38 months). All the cases obtained bone union in average 3.3 months (from 3 to 4.5 months). There were no complications such as deep infection, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and bone nonunion. The results of clinical evaluation according to Merle d'Aubigne scores were 16.75 +/- 1.14 and excellent in 4 cases, good in 8 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Application of dynamic hip screw and shape memory alloy bow-teeth screw as a superior option can get satisfactory reduction with reliable fixation and will be one of a better choice for fixation of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fractures.</p>

Application of PHILOS plate with injectable artificial bone for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effects of PHILOS plate with injectable artificial bone for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2007 to March 2009,17 patients who suffered from proximal humeral fractures were retrospectively studied. There were 7 males, 10 females, with an average age of 71 years (ranged, 66 to 81 years). Nine patients were caused by falling, seven patients were caused by traffic accidents,and one patient was hit by heavy object. According to the Neer classification, 9 patients were type III and 8 patients were type IV. All the patients were treated with PHILOS plate internal fixation combined with injectable artificial bone. Assessment was based on the Constan-Murley shoulder score and percentage Constant-Murley score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean period of follow-up was 16 months (ranged, 8 to 25 months). All the patients obtained bone union in an average of 3 months (2.5 to 3.5 months). There were no complications such as deep infection, nonunion or failure of fixation. The Constant-Murley score of the injured side was mean (86.50 +/- 10.50) (ranged, 75 to 95). The clinical outcomes were excellent in 9 cases, good in 6 cases, moderate in 2 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The treatment of proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients with application of PHILOS plate combined with injectable artificial bone can get satisfactory clinical effect especially suitable for osteoporosis and comminuted proximal humeral fractures.</p>

Treatment of the aged wounded patients evacuated from Wenchuan earthquake area / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the therapeutic strategies of the aged wounded patients evacuated from Wenchuan earthquake area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The characteristics of traumatic conditions and therapeutic methods of 14 aged wounded patients evacuated from Wenchuan earthquake area were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All cases accepted the effective treatment for 4 to 8 weeks and attained good recovery. There was no anesthetic and surgical complications, deep venous thrombosis, hypostatic pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, bed sore, stroke and other complications happened. When discharged, all medical disorders of the patients were under control and both psychological condition and nutritional status were improved obviously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Assessment of traumatic condition and general status,cooperative nursing, active nutritional support, positive symptomatic treatment and necessary psychological intervention are the key to improve effectively the curative effect of the aged wounded patients in earthquake.</p>

Application of the internal fixation of posterior fibula plate for the treatment of ankle fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a new method for the treatment of ankle joint fractures, and to evaluate its therapeutic effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Among 42 patients with ankle joint fractures, 34 patients had complete data for analysis, 19 patients were male and 15 patients were female, ranging in age from 21 to 61 years, with an average of 37 years. According to Weber-AO classification, there are 28 patients of B-type and 6 patients of C-type. The Baird and Jackson Rating System was used to evaluate therapeutic effects, and the relationship between the final function and fracture type, fracture fixation and, the time of functional training after operation were analyzed. Thirty-four patients with ankle joint fractures of B and C type were treated with internal fixation of posterior fibula plate to avoid injury of articular facet by the nails. The patients combined with the fractures of posterior malleolus were treated with fixation of both fibula and posterior malleolus through the same incision.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up ranging from 1.2 to 3.2 years, with an average of 1.8 years. According to evaluation criterion, 24 patients got an excellent result, 6 good and 4 fair, the excellent and good rate was 88.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The internal fixation of posterior fibula plate, as a treatment for ankle joint fractures, successfully avoids the injury of articular facet by the nails. Not only does it enhance the pullout strength of the nails, but it is able to treat the fracture of lateral malleolus and posterior malleolus with a single incision. It has provided a new way for the treatment of ankle fractures.</p>