Coletivos organizados, ativismo social e narrativas da pandemia em territórios vulneráveis na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Organised groups, social activism and narratives of the pandemic in vulnerable territories in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil atingiu níveis alarmantes. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, ela encontrou um cenário de desmonte da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em meio à uma crise política, o que teve grande impacto nos territórios de maior vulnerabilidade. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar de que forma as favelas e equipes da APS organizaram-se para desenvolver ações comunitárias, ocupando espaços deixados pela falta de outras políticas públicas. Os resultados fazem parte da pesquisa qualitativa multicêntrica "Estratégias de abordagem dos aspectos subjetivos e sociais na Atenção Primária no contexto da pandemia", onde foram analisados documentos orientadores públicos e 36 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários da APS, organizadas em grades interpretativas. Como resultado, observou-se que houve iniciativas cogestoras dos trabalhadores e usuários da APS, a partir do surgimento de coletivos organizados e ativismo social, para o enfrentamento da pandemia, independente das normativas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e demais instâncias governamentais. A APS se apresentou como único equipamento público nos territórios de alta vulnerabilidade, onde a violência armada esteve presente mesmo durante a pandemia.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has reached alarming levels in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro city, it arrived in a scenario in which Primary Health Care (PHC) was being dismantled in the midst of a political crisis, which had major impact on the most vulnerable territories. This study examined how favelas and PHC teams organised community-based action and occupy the vacuum left by the lack of public policies. The results form part of the multi-centre qualitative study "Strategies for approaching subjective and social aspects of Primary Care in the pandemic context", using public guidance documents and 36 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users, which were categorised into interpretive grids. Co-management initiatives by PHC workers and users were found to have arisen out of organised groups and social activism, to face the pandemic, independently of regulations from the Municipal Health Department and other government bodies. PHC figured as the only public facility in highly vulnerable territories, where armed violence was ongoing even during the pandemic.

Saúde do trabalhador no contexto da estratégia de saúde da família: revisão integrativa de literatura / Salud del trabajador en el contexto de la estrategia de salud de la família: revisión integrativa de la literatura / Worker's health in the context of family health strategy: integrative literature review

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a produção de conhecimento sobre a Saúde do Trabalhador na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), com base na literatura científica nacional. Método Revisão integrativa de literatura. A busca foi realizada em outubro de 2019 e atualizada em abril de 2020, nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), por meio do portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Resultados Foram encontradas 754 publicações, nas quais se obteve a amostra final de 19 artigos. A análise culminou na construção de três categorias: Ações voltadas para a Educação Permanente em Saúde; Condições ambientais e a sobrecarga de trabalho; e Adoecimento e sobrecarga mental e emocional de trabalhadores. Conclusão e implicações para a prática A inserção da linha de cuidado da saúde do trabalhador na ESF ainda é frágil, tanto no que diz respeito às ações voltadas para o trabalhador da ESF como aos demais trabalhadores do território. A escassez de estudos aponta para a necessidade de ampliação de iniciativas profissionais e gestoras que consigam atender às necessidades de profissionais do território, bem como aqueles que trabalham nas unidades.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar la producción de conocimiento sobre Salud del Trabajador en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF), con base en la literatura científica nacional. Método Revisión integrativa de literatura. La búsqueda se realizó en octubre de 2019 y se finalizó en abril de 2020, en las siguientes bases de datos: Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) y Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), a través del portal de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). Resultados Fueron encontradas 754 publicaciones en las cuales se obtuvo la muestra final de 19 artículos. El análisis culminó en la construcción de tres categorías: Acciones dirigidas a la Educación Permanente en Salud; Condiciones ambientales y sobrecarga de trabajo y; Enfermedad y sobrecarga mental y emocional de los trabajadores. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica La inserción de la línea de atención de salud para los trabajadores en la ESF sigue frágil, tanto con respecto a las acciones dirigidas a los trabajadores de la ESF como a otros trabajadores en el territorio. La escasez de estudios apunta la necesidad de ampliar las iniciativas profesionales y gerenciales que puedan satisfacer las necesidades de los profesionales en el territorio, así como de aquellos que trabajan en las unidades.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the production of knowledge about Worker's Health in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) based on the national scientific literature. Method Integrative literature review. The search was carried out in October 2019 and updated in April 2020, in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), through the Virtual Health Library (VHL) portal. Results 754 publications were found in which the final sample of 19 articles was obtained. The analysis culminated in the construction of three categories: Actions aimed at Continuing Education; Environmental conditions and work overload and; Illness and mental and emotional overload of workers. Conclusion and implications for practice The insertion of the line of health care for workers in the FHS is still fragile, both with regard to actions aimed at FHS workers and for other workers in the territory. The scarcity of studies points to the need to expand professional and managerial initiatives that are able to meet the needs of professionals in the territory, as well as those who work in the units.

Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Normalization in Jatropha curcas L During Development and Under Stress Conditions Using Real Time Quantitative PCR

Jatropha curcas L represent a potential source of raw material for the production of biodiesel. The aim this study was to find potential candidate reference genes in J. curcas tissues. Three softwares were utilized to verify which would be the most stable reference genes in qPCR assay: GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. The most stable reference genes in developing J. curcas seeds suggested by GeNorm were GAPDH, UCP, actin. However, the best combinations of stable genes in each tissue were identified separately under stress conditions: EF1-α, PP2A2 and GAPDH in total stress, however, in SA stress, four genes were required for normalization: PP2A2, EF1-α, GAPDH and PUB. In PEG stress, four genes also were required: PP2A2, EF1-α, GAPDH and PUB, while in NaCl stress, five genes were necessary: PP2A2, GAPDH, EF1-α, PUB and Tβ2. These results are in accordance with two other programs used in this study (NormFinder, BestKeeper). In addition, the transcript levels of Jc-SRG-2 seem to be more correlated with stress responses than changes in transcript levels of Jc-SRG-1, mainly of leaves in exposure to 3-12 h on PEG and NaCl stress. Taken together, GAPDH and PP2A2 were regarded as being the best reference to provide guidelines for the selection of potential references genes under these study conditions.

Social and immunological differences among uninfected Brazilians exposed or unexposed to human immunodeficiency virus-infected partners

Understanding the social conditions and immunological characteristics that allow some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed patients to remain uninfected represents an on-going challenge. In this study, the socio-demographic and sexual behaviour characteristics and immune activation profiles of uninfected individuals exposed to HIV-infected partners were investigated. A confidential and detailed questionnaire was administered and venous blood was tested using HIV-1/enzyme immunoassays, plasma HIV-1 RNA levels/bDNA and immunophenotyping/flow cytometry to determine the frequencies of CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing activation markers. The data analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for immune parameters in individuals who were uninfected, albeit exposed to HIV-infected partners, compared with unexposed individuals. In particular, the exposed, uninfected individuals had a higher frequency (median, minimum-maximum) of CD4+HLA-DR+ (4.2, 1.8-6.1), CD8+HLA-DR+ (4.6, 0.9-13.7), CD4+CD45RO+ (27.5, 14.2-46.6), CD4+CD45RO+CD62L+ (46.7, 33.9-67.1), CD8+CD45RA+HLA-DR+ (12.1, 3.4-35.8) and CD8+CD45RO+HLA-DR+ (9.0, 3.2-14.8) cells, a decreased percentage of CD8+CD28+ cells (11.7, 4.5-24.0) and a lower cell-surface expression of Fcγ-R/CD16 on monocytes (56.5, 22.0-130.0). The plasma HIV-1 RNA levels demonstrated detectable RNA virus loads in 57% of the HIV-1+ female partners. These findings demonstrate an activation profile in both CD4 and CD8 peripheral T cells from HIV-1 exposed seronegative individuals of serodiscordant couples from a referral centre in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais.

Lamotrigine as an adjuvant treatment for acute bipolar depression: a Brazilian naturalistic study

Lamotrigine is indicated according to several recent treatment guidelines as a first-line medication for the treatment of bipolar depression. However, its efficacy in acute bipolar depression has not been well established. In the present naturalistic study, patients with bipolar depression (n = 20), predominantly bipolar type I, were treated with lamotrigine in addition to their prior treatment for 8 weeks. The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17), and Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar Disorder (CGI-BD) scale were applied at baseline, week 4, and week 8. With regard to the primary measure of efficacy, mean total HAM-D-17 scores significantly decreased (p < .01) at the end of treatment. Eight patients (40%) exhibited a positive response (i.e., at least a 50% reduction of baseline scores). Additionally, eight (40%) and 11 (55%) patients exhibited complete remission, reflected by HAM-D-17 and CGI-BP scores, respectively. Episodes of switching to mania or hypomania occurred in five patients (25%). No skin rash or any other significant adverse events were reported. Our results indicate that the addition of lamotrigine to a mood stabilizer can be useful in the treatment of acute depressive episodes in bipolar I disorder.