Construction of micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma organoids and screening of targeted drugs / 天津医药

Objective To establish a culture method for micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma organoids and conduct targeted drug screening.Methods Organoids were extracted and cultured from a surgical tissue sample of a patient diagnosed with micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma,and the growth of lung cancer organoids was observed and recorded dynamically.The morphological and gene expression characteristics of tumor cells between lung cancer organoids and parental tissue were compared using hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemical methods.Real time fluorescence quantitative polynucleotide chain reaction(qRT-PCR)method was used to detect gene mutations in lung cancer parental tissue and organoids.Finally,based on results of genetic testing,targeted drugs were selected and their therapeutic effects were verified.Results We have successfully cultured spherical organoids from micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma tissue,which can be passaged for at least 3 generations.HE staining results showed that the morphology of tumor cells in organoids was roughly consistent with that of parental tissue.The immunohistochemical results showed that the protein expression levels of various genes in lung cancer organoids and parental tissue were roughly the same.Results of gene mutation analysis showed that the mutated genes in lung cancer parental tissue and organoids were consistent,both reflecting RET fusion.The screening results of targeted drugs based on lung cancer organoids showed that vandertinib had the best anti-tumor effect in vitro.Conclusion Drug screening experiments based on micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma organoids can screen highly efficient targeted drugs in a short period of time,which may benefit patients with micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma.

Neoflavonoids from Dalbergia cochinchinensis and their anti-hypoxia/reoxygenation injury activities on H9c2 myocardial cells / 中成药

AIM To study the neoflavonoids from Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness and their anti-hypoxia/reoxygenation injury activities on H9c2 myocardial cells.METHODS The 70%ethanol extract from D.cochinchinensis was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and reverse-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The CCK-8 method was used to detect their activities on H9c2 cells and protective effects on hypoxia-reoxygenation injury of H9c2 cells,and their structure-activity relationship was analyzed.RESULTS Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as latifolin(1),5-O-methyllatifolin(2),mimosifoliol(3),5-O-methydalbergiphenol(4),dalbergiphenol(5),cearoin(6),2,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzophenone(7),2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzophenone(8),melannoin(9),2,2′,5-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone(10),dalbergin(11),4-methoxydalbergione(12).The dalbergiphenols and dalbergins had little toxicity to H9c2 cells,and dalbergiphenols had strong activity against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury of H9c2 cells.CONCLUSION Compound 8 is a new natural product.Compounds 4,9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Dalbergiphenols may be the main neoflavonoids against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury of H9c2 cells.

A study of suctioning flexible ureteroscopy with intelligent pressure-control in treating patients with urogenic sepsis after drainage at different times / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the safety and effectiveness of suctioning flexible ureteroscopy with intelligent pressure-control at different times after drainage for patients with urogenic sepsis complicated with upper urinary tract stones. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 59 patients treated in the Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University during May 2022 and May 2023 were collected.The patients were divided into early lithotripsy (≤1 week) group (n=27) and late lithotripsy (>1 week) group (n=32).Baseline data, imaging data and postoperative data of the two groups were compared. 【Results】 There were no significant differences between the two groups in the stone-free rate, total incidence of complications, incidence of high-grade complications, length of stay after lithotripsy, hospitalization costs after lithotripsy and total hospitalization costs (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Both early lithotripsy (1 week) are safe and effective in the treatment of urogenic sepsis after drainage.

Research progress of intraocular lens materials / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

With the wide application of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, many cataract patients have effectively recovered vision. Postoperative intraocular lens opacification is an important indicator for evaluating biocompatibility, as it affects the visual quality of patients. The manifestation and risk factors of opacification vary among different materials used for intraocular lenses. However, better visual quality after surgery is not determined by a single factor. The material of the intraocular lens and the patient's response to the intraocular lens are all factors that affect the postoperative visual quality. With the continuous advancement of technology, an increasing number of new materials are being applied in the field of intraocular lenses. Fully understanding the characteristics of intraocular lens materials, selecting suitable intraocular lens for patients and reducing complications caused by materials will be beneficial to patients. The characteristics of different intraocular lens materials and the risk factors of opacification after intraocular lens implantation were discussed in this paper.

3D hippocampal segmentation based on spatial and frequency domain features adaptive fusion and inter⁃class boundary region enhancement / 解剖学报

Objective Hippocampal atrophy is a clinically important marker for the diagnosis of many psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease‚ so accurate segmentation of the hippocampus is an important scientific issue. With the development of deep learning‚ a large number of advanced automatic segmentation method have been proposed. However‚ 3D hippocampal segmentation is still challenging due to the effects of various noises in MRI and unclear boundaries between various classes of the hippocampus. Therefore‚ the aim of this paper is to propose new method to segment the hippocampal head‚ body‚ and tail more accurately. Methods To overcome these challenges‚ this paper proposed two strategies. One was the spatial and frequency domain features adaptive fusion strategy‚ which reduced the influence of noise on feature extraction by automatically selecting the appropriate frequency combination through fast Fourier transform and convolution. The other was an inter-class boundary region enhancement strategy‚ which allowed the network to focus on learning the boundary regions by weighting the loss function of the boundary regions between each class to achieve the goal of pinpointing the boundaries and regulating the size of the hippocampal head‚ body and tail. Results Experiments performed on a 50-case teenager brain MRI dataset show that our method achieves state-of-the-art hippocampal segmentation. Hippocampal head‚ body and tail had been improved compared to the existing method. Ablation experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of our two proposed strategies‚ and we also validated that the network had a strong generalization ability on a 260-case Task04_Hippocampus dataset. It was shown that the method proposed in this paper could be used in more hippocampal segmentation scenarios. Conclusion The method proposed in this paper can help clinicians to observe hippocampal atrophy more clearly and accomplish more accurate diagnosis and follow-up of the condition.

Plasticity of Cultured Neural Networks In Vitro / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Neuronal network is the structural basis for the execution of higher cognitive functions in the brain. Research has shown that learning, memory, and neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to neuronal network plasticity. Therefore, uncovering the mechanisms that regulate and modify neuronal network plasticity is of great significance for understanding information processing in the nervous system and for the treatment of diseases. Currently, neuronal networks cultured on microelectrode array (MEA) provide an ideal model for investigating learning and memory mechanisms in vitro. Additionally, studying such models offers a unique perspective for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize relevant research on functional network construction based on recording the electrical signals of neuronal networks cultivated on MEA. We focus on two aspects: 2D neuronal networks and 3D brain organoid development, as well as the effects of open-loop and closed-loop electrical stimulation on neuronal network plasticity. Lastly, we provide an outlook on the future applications of studying neuronal network plasticity using in vitro cultured networks.

Comparison of three methods for establishing rat peri-implantitis model / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficiency and effect of establishing rat peri-implantitis model by traditional cotton thread ligation and local injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) around the implant, as well as the combination of the two methods.@*METHODS@#Left side maxillary first molars of 39 male SD rats were extracted, and titanium implants were implanted after four weeks of healing. After 4 weeks of implant osseointegration, 39 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Cotton thread ligation (n=12), local injection of LPS around the implant (n=12), and the two methods combined (n=12) were used to induce peri-implantitis, the rest 3 rats were untreated as control group. All procedures were conducted under 5% isoflurane inhalation anesthesia. The rats were sacrificed 2 weeks and 4 weeks after induction through carbon dioxide asphyxiation method. The maxilla of the rats in the test groups were collected and marginal bone loss was observed by micro-CT. The gingival tissues around the implants were collected for further real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis, specifically the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) of each rat in the experimental group were recorded before induction of inflammation and before death.@*RESULTS@#After 4 weeks of implantation, the osseointegration of implants were confirmed. All the three test groups showed red and swollen gums, obvious marginal bone loss around implants. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks of inflammation induction, PD, GI and BOP of the three test groups increased compared with those before induction, but only BOP was statistically significant among the three test groups (P < 0.05). At the end of 2 weeks of inflammation induction, marginal bone loss was observed at each site in the cotton thread ligation group and the combined group. At each site, the bone resorption in the combined group was greater than that in the cotton thread ligation group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), bone resorption was observed at some sites of some implants in LPS local injection group. At the end of 4 weeks of inflammation induction, marginal bone loss was observed at all sites in each group. The marginal bone loss in the cotton thread ligation group and the combined group was greater than that in the LPS local injection group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the end of 2 weeks and 4 weeks of induction, the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the test groups were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with local injection of LPS around the implant, cotton thread ligature and the two methods combined can induce peri-implantitis in rats better and faster.

Chemical constituents from the heartwood of Dalbergia cochinchinensis / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the heartwood of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness.METHODS The 70%ethanol extract from the heartwood of D.cochinchinensis was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULT Twenty-three compounds were isolated and identified as 3-O-acetylbetulin aldehyde(1),2,2'-oxybis(1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene)(2),ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate(3),1-acetyl-β-carboline(4),7-hydroxydihydroflavone(5),palmic acid(6),hexadeca-4,7-diene(7),linoleic acid(8),methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate(9),2-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenythyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenol(10),2-methoxy-3-hydroxyxanthone(11),dibutyl terephthalate(12),6,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavan(13),pteroyanin G(14),benzoic acid,4-ethoxy-2-methoxy-,methyl ester(15),liquiritigenin(16),4,2',5'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone(17),7-hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone(18),6,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone(19),2'-hydroxyformonetin(20),3'-methoxyformonetin(21),3'-hydroxyformonetin(22),6,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone(23).CONCLUSION Compounds 2,4 are isolated from genus Dalbergia for the first time.Compounds 6-8,19,21 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

A preoperative prediction model for breast benign and malignant phyllodes tumors / 肿瘤

Objective:To establish a predictive model for preoperative diagnosis of benign and malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast(PTB). Methods:The clinicopathological data of 69 patients with benign PTB and 41 patients with malignant PTB(24 borderline and 17 malignant)who underwent multiple(≥2)preoperative ultrasound follow-ups in the Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2011 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative prediction models of benign and malignant PTB were constructed by using the influencing factors determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the efficiency of the prediction model.In addition,the clinicopathological data of 22 patients of benign PTB and 19 patients of malignant PTB(12 borderline and 7 malignant)admitted to the hospital from January 2019 to April 2022 were selected for external verification. Results:Logistic regression analysis showed that growth rate of tumor>2 mm/month and ultrasound BI-RADS category≥4b were independent predictors for the diagnosis of malignant PTB(OR:4.476,95％CI:1.673～11.975;OR:9.448,95％CI:3.149～28.345;P<0.01).The logistic regression equation:Logit(P)=-1.868+1.499×growth rate of tumor+2.246×ultrasound BI-RADS category.The AUC for the training cohort was 0.795(95％CI:0.699～0.890),the best cut-off value was 0.421,the corresponding sensitivity was 0.732,the specificity was 0.826,and the Jorden index was 0.558,P<0.001.The AUC for the the validation cohort was 0.772(95％CI:0.624～0.919),with the sensitivity of 0.526 and the specificity of 0.773,positive predictive value was 0.667 and negative predictive value was 0.654,P = 0.003.The AUC of the training cohort and the validation cohort were both>0.75,indicating that the model has certain predictive ability. Conclusion:The predictive model constructed by clinicopathological parameters can be used for preoperative diagnosis of benign PTB and malignant PTB,and provide a certain reference value for clinicians to select the appropriate surgical resection scope.

Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicines on Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Endometriosis in Long-Term Management: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the factors related to pregnancy of endometriosis and whether Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) can improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with endometriosis in long-term management.@*METHODS@#This multicenter cohort study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of endometriosis patients with fertility needs from January 2019 to November 2019. A total of 252 patients with endometriosis from 5 level-III Grade A hospitals in Beijing were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for the relevant factors. The propensity score matching (PSM) function of SPSS software was used to match the CHMs group with the non-CHMs group. The pregnancy rate and live birth rate were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The results of univariate analysis showed that age, disease course, presence of infertility, presence of adenomyosis, time after surgery or use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), use of CHMs and follow-up time were influencing factors of pregnancy in endometriosis patients (P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that age, presence of adenomyosis, time after surgery or use of GnRH-a, use of CHMs and follow-up time were independent factors affecting pregnancy in endometriosis patients, among which, age ⩾35 years old, presence of adenomyosis and follow-up time >6 months were independent risk factors (OR=0.445, 0.348, 0.140, respectively, P<0.05), time after surgery or use of GnRH-a ⩽6 months and use of CHMs were independent protective factors (OR=3.839, 3.842, respectively, P<0.05). After PSM, 99 pairs of two groups were matched successfully. The pregnancy rate of the CHMs group was higher than that of the non-CHMs group [55.56% (55/99) vs. 36.36% (36/99), P<0.05]. The live birth rate of the CHMs group was higher than that of the non-CHMs group [49.49% (49/99) vs. 35.35% (35/99), P<0.05].@*CONCLUSION@#CHMs can effectively improve clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate of patients with endometriosis in the chronic disease management.