Laparoscopic spermatic vein occlusion with Hem-o-lock clips versus Palomo procedure for primary varicocele / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of laparoscopic occlusion of the internal spermatic vein with Hem-o-Lock clips and retroperitoneal ligation of the spermatic vessel (Palomo procedure) in the treatment of primary varicocele.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We included in this study 42 varicocele patients treated by laparoscopic occlusion of the internal spermatic vein with Hem-o-Lock clips (Hem-o-Lock group) and another 38 treated by Palomo procedure (Palomo group). We recorded the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, bowel function recovery time, post-operative complications, as well as such seminal parameters as sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm abnormality and the percentage of grade a + b sperm 6 months after surgery. We measured the interior diameter and reflux time of the spermatic vein and the ratio of flow velocity to the diameter using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), and observed the disappearance and recurrence of clinical symptoms.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intraoperative blood loss was markedly less and the operation time, postoperative hospital stay and intestinal function recovery time significantly shorter in the Hem-o-Lock than in the Palomo group (P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications (P>0.05). Six months after surgery, seminal parameters and the results of CDFI were significantly improved in both the Hem-o-Lock and Palomo groups (P<0.05), but with no significant difference between the two (P>0.05). No recurrence was found in either group at 18 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both laparoscopic spermatic vein occlusion with Hem-o-Lock clips and Palomo procedure can improve the semen quality and relieve the clinical symptoms of primary varicocele patients, but the former is even more preferable for its shorter operation time and hospital stay, less intraoperative bleeding, fewer complications, better clinical outcomes, and lower rate of recurrence.</p>

Lysine acetylsalicylate ameliorates lung injury in rats acutely exposed to paraquat / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Paraquat (PQ), an effective and widely used herbicide, has been proven to be safe when appropriately applied to eliminate weeds. However, PQ poisoning is an extremely frustrating clinical condition with a high mortality and with a lack of effective treatments in humans. PQ mainly accumulates in the lung, and the main molecular mechanism of PQ toxicity is based on redox cycling and intracellular oxidative stress generation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS) could protect the lung from the damage of PQ poisoning and to study the mechanisms of protection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A model of PQ poisoning was established in 75 Sprague-Dawley rats by intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg PQ, followed by treatment with 200 mg/kg of LAS. The rats were randomly divided into sham, PQ, and PQ + LAS groups, with 25 in each group. We assessed and compared the malonaldehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in serum and lung and the hydroxyproline (HYP) content, pathological changes, apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2/Bax protein in lung of rats on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after PQ poisoning and LAS treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the PQ group rats, early treatment with LAS reduced the MDA and HYP contents, and increased the SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities in the serum and lung on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after PQ poisoning (all P < 0.05). After early LAS treatment, the apoptotic rate and Bax expression of lung decreased, the Bcl-2 expression increased, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased, compared to the PQ group rats. Furthermore, the pathological results of lungs revealed that after LAS treatment, early manifestations of PQ poisoning, such as hemorrhage, edema and inflammatory-cell infiltration, were improved to some degree, and collagen fibers in the pulmonary interstitium were also obviously reduced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In this rat model of PQ poisoning, LAS effectively ameliorated the lung injury induced by PQ, possibly through antioxidation, anti-fibrosis, anti-apoptosis, and anticoagulation.</p>

Effect of hypertonic saline resuscitation on heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression and apoptosis of the intestinal mucosa in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Massive blood loss due to trauma is the leading cause of death in trauma patients and military combatants. The fluid category of resuscitation for hypotensive trauma patients is open to debate. This study was conducted to investigate the early effects of hypertonic and isotonic saline solutions on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expression and apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa of rats with hemorrhagic shock.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A model of severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 21 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into sham, normal saline resuscitation (NS), and hypertonic saline resuscitation (HTS) groups, with 7 in each group. We assessed and compared the HO-1 mRNA expression and apoptosis in the small intestinal mucosa of rats after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation using the SYBR Green I fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, fluorescein-iso-thiocyanate-annexin V/propidium iodide double staining, and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the early stage of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, marked apoptosis occurred in the small intestinal mucosa from both the NS and HTS groups. The apoptotic rate in the NS group was higher than that in the HTS group (P < 0.01). Among the three groups, HO-1 mRNA mucosa from the HTS group had the highest level of expression; however, the differences were not significant. There was a significant negative correlation between HO-1 mRNA expression and apoptosis in the small intestinal mucosa from the NS and HTS groups after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In this rat model of severe hemorrhagic shock, HTS resuscitation with a small volume is more effective than NS resuscitation in reducing apoptosis of the intestinal mucosa. Further, HO-1 mRNA over-expression in the intestinal mucosa may be one of the molecular mechanisms of HTS in the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock.</p>

Effect of Xingnaojing injection on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier in rats following traumatic brain injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of Xingnaojing injection on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats following traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 108 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as subjects and randomly assigned to three groups: sham-operation, TBI and Xingnaojing injection groups (10 ml/kg/d, intraperitoneal injection). TBI in rats was set up by the improved device of Feeney's weight-dropping model with the impact of 600 g.cm. Brain water content and BBB permeability expressed as Evans blue content were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In sham-operation group, brain water content and Evans blue content in brain tissue were 78.97%+/-1.22% and 5.13 microgram+/-0.71 microgram. Following TBI, water content in brain tissue was increased significantly at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days (83.49%+/-0.54%, 82.74%+/-0.72%, 80.22%+/-0.68%, 79.21%+/-0.60%), being significantly higher than that in sham operation group (P less than 0.05). Evans blue content was increased in TBI group (16.54 microgram+/-0.60 microgram, 14.92 microgram+/-0.71 microgram, 12.44 microgram+/-0.92 microgram, 10.14 microgram+/-0.52 microgram) as compared with sham-operation group(P less than 0.05). After treatment with Xingnaojing injection, brain water content decreased as compared with TBI group (81.91%+/-1.04%, 80.38%+/-0.72%, 79.54%+/-0.58%, 78.60%+/-0.77%, P less than 0.05). Xingnaojing injection also reduced the leakage of BBB as compared with TBI group (15.11 microgram+/-0.63 microgram, 13.62 microgram+/-0.85 microgram, 10.06microgram+/-0.67 microgram, 9.54 microgram+/-0.41 microgram, P less than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Xingnaojing injection could alleviate cerebral edema following TBI via reducing permeability of BBB.</p>

Effect of Xuebijing injection on peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with severe trauma / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and clinical significance of Xuebijing injection on peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with severe trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-three patients with severe trauma were randomly divided into a control group (n=16) and a treatment group (n=17). The patients of two groups were all treated conventionally, and the only difference was that Xuebijing injection was given to patients of the treatment group. The CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations of T-lymphocyte in the peripheral blood were detected respectively on admission, 3rd and 5th days after trauma by double antibody labeling and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The CD4+ T-lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of peripheral blood in patients with severe trauma decreased markedly on the 3rd and 5th days after trauma. Furthermore, compared with control group, the peripheral CD4+ T-lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of treatment group renewed obviously on the 5th day after trauma, and showed statistical differences (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the treatment of patients with severe trauma, the early use of Xuebijing injection is effective in correcting disorder or suppression of T-lymphocyte subpopulations regulating network, and promoting a more balanced profile of immunologic function.</p>

Early change of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid arginine vasopressin in traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes and effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in patients with acute traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of AVP, and intracranial pressure (ICP) were measured in a total of 21 patients within 24 hours after tSAH. The neurological status of the patients was evaluated by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Correlation between AVP and ICP, GCS was analyzed respectively. Meanwhile, 18 healthy volunteers were recruited as control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with control group, the levels (pg/ml) of AVP in plasma and CSF (x+/-s) in tSAH group were significantly increased within 24 hours (38.72+/-24.71 vs 4.54+/-1.38 and 34.61+/-21.43 vs 4.13+/-.26, P less than 0.01), and was remarkably higher in GCS less than or equal to 8 group than GCS larger than 8 group (50.96+/-36.81 vs 25.26+/-12.87 and 44.68+/-31.72 vs 23.53+/-10.94, P less than 0.05). The CSF AVP level was correlated with ICP (r eqaul to 0.46, P less than 0.05), but no statistically significant correlation was found between plasma AVP, CSF AVP and initial GCS (r equal to -0.29, P larger than 0.05 and r equal to -0.32, P larger than 0.05, respectively). The ICP (mm Hg) in tSAH patients was elevated and higher in GCS less than or equal to 8 group than in GCS larger than 8 group (25.9+/-9.7 vs 17.6+/-5.2, P less than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our research suggests that AVP is correlated with the severity of tSAH, and may be involved in the pathophysiological process of brain damage in the early stage after tSAH. It seems that compared with the plasma AVP concentration, CSF AVP is more related to the severity of tSAH.</p>

CD11b expression in neutrophils and lymphocytes of children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the significance of CD11b expression in neutrophils and lymphocytes in children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD11b expression in neutrophils and lymphocytes was measured using flow cytometry in 36 children with SIRS (SIRS group) and 28 children with infectious disease but without SIRS (control group). The sensitivity and specificity of neutrophil CD11b for diagnosis of SIRS were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the acute phase, an increased CD11b expression in neutrophils (96.7+/-8.1%) was observed in the SIRS group compared with the control group (85.1+/-5.1%) (p<0.05). Using neutrophil CD11b expression >92.2% as a cut-off value for diagnosis of SIRS, the sensitivity and the specificity were 97.2 % and 92.9% respectively. Lymphocytic CD11b expression in the SIRS group (13.4+/-8.6%) was lower than that in the control group (19.2+/-6.4%) in the acute phase (p<0.05). In the SIRS group, lymphocytic CD11b expression was remarkably suppressed in the severe sepsis subgroup (7.27+/-3.04%), showing significantly decreased expression compared with the non-infectious subgroup (19.3+/-2.9%) and the sepsis subgroup (15.9+/-12.5%) (p<0.01). In the convalescence stage lymphocytic CD11b expression in the SIRS group was similar to that in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CD11b expression in neutrophils may serve as a reliable indicator for diagnosis of SIRS. The down-regulation of lymphocytic CD11b expression might be a signal of the condition aggravation in children with SIRS.</p>

Development of a novel protein carrier inducing immune response and binding DNA in gene therapy / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a novel protein carrier which can not only regulate the immune system but also deliver DNA into the tumor cell as an effective non-viral gene delivery system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By using gene engineering techniques, we constructed a fusion protein containing the -COOH end of human hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg), small home-to-cancer peptide ligand RGD and Glutathione S-transferase (GST), which was expressed in E. coli and purified by size exclusion chromatography and affinity chromatography. We labeled it with FITC to observe whether it could bind prostate cancer PC-3 cell lines, and meanwhile used it as a non-viral gene delivery carrier with the plasmid pEGFP-N1 that could express GFP in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, we observed the regulatory function of this fusion protein to the mouse immune system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the new protein carrier was obtained, which It could enter PC-3 cells with DNA in vitro and induce the mouse immune system to produce IgG1 and IgG2alpha simultaneously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The new protein carrier can be used as a target protein, especially in positive cells and the immune system. It promises to be a good novel carrier for the gene therapy of cancer.</p>

Hypertonic saline resuscitation reduces apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the early effects of hypertonic and isotonic saline solutions on apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in rats with hemorrhagic shock.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 21 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into the sham group, normal saline resuscitation (NS) group, and hypertonic saline resuscitation (HTS) group, with 7 in each group. We detected and compared the apoptosis in small intestinal mucosa of rats after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL), FITC (fluorescein-iso-thiocyanate)-Annexin V/PI (propidium iodide) double staining method, and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the early stage of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, marked apoptosis of small intestinal mucosa in the rats of both NS and HTS groups was observed. The numbers of apoptotic cells in these two groups were significantly greater than that in the sham group (P<0.01). In the HTS group, the apoptic cells significantly decreased, compared with the NS group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In this rat model of severe hemorrhagic shock, the HTS resuscitation of small volume is more effective than the NS resuscitation in reducing apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in rats, which may improve the prognosis of trauma.</p>

Effect of AVP on brain edema following traumatic brain injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level in patients with traumatic brain injury and investigate the role of AVP in the process of brain edema.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 30 patients with traumatic brain injury were involved in our study. They were divided into two groups by Glasgow Coma Scale: severe traumatic brain injury group (STBI, GCS less than or equal to 8) and moderate traumatic brain injury group (MTBI, GCS larger than 8). Samples of venous blood were collected in the morning at rest from 15 healthy volunteers (control group)and within 24 h after traumatic brain injury from these patients for AVP determinations by radioimmunoassay. The severity and duration of the brain edema were estimated by head CT scan.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Plasma AVP levels (ng/L) were (mean+/-SD): control, 3.06+/-1.49; MTBI, 38.12+/-7.25; and STBI, 66.61+/-17.10. The plasma level of AVP was significantly increased within 24 h after traumatic brain injury and followed by the reduction of GCS, suggesting the deterioration of cerebral injury (P less than 0.01). And the AVP level was correlated with the severity (STBI r equal to 0.919, P less than 0.01; MTBI r equal to 0.724, P less than 0.01) and the duration of brain edema (STBI r equal to 0.790, P less than 0.01; MTBI r equal to 0.712, P less than 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The plasma AVP level is closely associated with the severity of traumatic brain injury. AVP may play an important role in pathogenesis of brain edema after traumatic brain injury.</p>

Relationship between soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and severe pneumonia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>It has been reported that soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) participates in many immune and inflammatory reactions. Its expression and role in severe pneumonia has not fully been understood. This study aimed to investigate the changes of sICAM-1 expression in severe pneumonia and the relationship between sICAM-1 and severe pneumonia in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum sICAM-1 levels were determined by the double antibody sand using ELISA in 50 children with severe pneumonia and 56 children with mild pneumonia. Fifty-two healthy children served as control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum sICAM-1 levels in children with severe pneumonia (402.36 +/- 31.24 mu g/L) were remarkably higher than those in the mild pneumonia group (278.86 +/- 36.24 mu g/L) at the acute stage and higher than in the control group (180.74 +/- 21.46 mu g/L) (P < 0.01). Serum sICAM-1 levels in children with severe pneumonia decreased significantly at the recovery stage (198.56 +/- 12.63 mu g/L) (P < 0.01), which were not statistically different from those in the mild pneumonia group at the recovery stage and the control group. There were no significant differences in serum sICAM-1 levels among the severe pneumonia subgroups caused by different pathogens (bacteria, virus or Mycoplasma) at the acute stage. Serum sICAM-1 levels at the acute stage in children with severe pneumonia who were treated successfully were not significantly different from those in patients whose symptoms were partly improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>sICAM-1 might be involved in the inflammation course of severe pneumonia. It can severe as a marker of the diagnosis and the severity evaluation of severe pneumonia.</p>

Study of Resistin gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell and its gene polymorphism in a small range population / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression of Resistin mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its gene polymorphism in coding region in a small range population in Zhejiang Province of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-three cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 53 healthy people were included. The expression of Resistin mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by RT-PCR and semi-quantitative PCR assay. The sequencing work was done in Resistin cDNA and gene polymorphism was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the same condition, in 83 diabetes patients, Resistin mRNA was detected in 23 cases (11 males and 12 females). There was no Resistin mRNA expression in 53 healthy people. The ratio of PCR products between Resistin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was from 0.564 to 1.238, averaging 0.804+/-0.436. The sequence of Resistin cDNA is almost identical with each other and with that in GenBank with no single nucleotide polymorphism being found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Resistin mRNA is expressed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in some type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its expression is at a low level. Among the experiment population we did not find polymorphism phenomenon in Resistin coding region. The different individual's Resistin coding region is highly coincident.</p>

Hypertonic saline resuscitation maintains a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the potential and early effect of hypertonic saline resuscitation on T-lymphocyte subpopulations in rats with hemorrhagic shock.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 18 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into Sham group, HTS group (hypertonic saline resuscitation group) and NS group (normal saline resuscitation group). Each group contained 6 rats. The CD4(+) and CD8(+) subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected respectively before shock and after resuscitation by double antibody labelling and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the early stage after hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation and emergency treatment, the CD4(+) lymphocytes of peripheral blood in HTS and NS groups markedly increased. Small volume resuscitation with HTS also induced peripheral CD8(+) lymphocytes to a certain extent, whereas NS resuscitation showed no effect in this respect. Consequently, compared with Sham and HTS groups, CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio of peripheral blood in NS group was obviously increased, and showed statistically differences.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In this model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock, small volume resuscitation with HTS is more effective than NS in reducing immunologic disorders and promoting a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopulations regulating network.</p>

Changes of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline after mechanical ventilation in patients with acute cerebral injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the levels of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) in the sputum of the patients with acute cerebral injury without primary pulmonary injury after mechanical ventilation treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DPPC levels in sputum of 35 patients with acute cerebral injury but without pulmonary injury were detected with high performance liquid chromatography at the beginning of ventilation and 16-20 days, 21-40 days, and 41-60 days after ventilation, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference of the DPPC levels between 16-20 days after ventilation (3.36+/-0.49) and at the beginning of ventilation (3.37+/-0.58) (P>0.05). The mean levels of DPPC decreased significantly at 21-40 days (2.87 mg/ml+/-0.26 mg/ml, P<0.05) and 41-60 days (1.93 mg/ml+/-0.21 mg/ml, P<0.01) after ventilation compared with that at the beginning of ventilation. At the same period, the peak inspiratory pressure and the mean pressure of airway increased significantly, whereas the static compliance and the partial pressure of oxygen in artery decreased significantly. Among the 25 patients who received ventilation for more than 20 days, 8 (32%) had slightly-decreased partial pressure of oxygen in artery compared with that at the beginning of ventilation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Mechanical ventilation can decrease the DPPC levels, decrease the lung compliance and increase the airway pressure, even impair the oxygenation function in patients with acute cerebral injury. Abnormal DPPC is one of the major causes of ventilator-associated lung injury.</p>

Study of androgen and atherosclerosis in old-age male / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the difference of androgen and inflammatory cytokines level in atherosclerosis and analyse their relations.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Both carotid arteries and arteries of lower extremity were subjected to ultrasonic examination by Doppler's method. Those with much atheromatous plaque formation were ranged into case group, and those with normal result formed control group. Total, free testosterone and estradiol were assayed by radioimmunoassay. C reactive protein (CRP) was assayed by nepheloturbidity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were assayed by ELISA. The mean difference between two groups and the correlation between free testosterone and cytokines were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Free testosterone was (6.337+/-3.371) pg/L in case group and (11.375+/-4.733) pg/L in control group, P<0.01. No differences were found in total testosterone and estradiol. CRP was (27.294+/-10.238) mg/L in case group and (12.843+/-6.318) mg/L in control group, P<0.01. IL-6 was (41.700+/-31.385) pg/L in case group and (25.396+/-20.772) pg/L in control group, P<0.05. IL-8 was (89.249+/-58.357) pg/L in case group and (67.873+/-31.227) pg/L in control group, P<0.05. sICAM-1 was (470.491+/-134.078) pg/L in case group and (368.487+/-97.183) pg/L in control group, P<0.01. sVCAM-1 was (537.808+/-213.172) pg/L in case group and (457.275+/-157.273) pg/L in control group, P<0.05. There were no differences in TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-18. Correlation analysis showed that FT (free testosterone) had negative correlation with CRP, IL-6 and sICAM-1. Among them FT had well correlation with CRP, correlation index was -0.678.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Free testosterone was in negative correlation with atherosclerosis in old-age male. Free testosterone may have the role of anti-atherosclerosis, and this effect was not achieved by its transformation to estradiol. Low free testosterone level was followed by increased level of inflammatory cytokines. Low free testosterones coexist with inflammation and they both affect the process of atherosclerosis in old-age male.</p>

Comparative study of pressure-control ventilation and volume-control ventilation in treating traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical therapeutic effect and side effect of pressure-control ventilation (PCV) on traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared with volume-control ventilation (VCV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients with traumatic ARDS were hospitalized in our department from June 1996 to December 2002. Twenty were treated with PCV (PCV group) and 20 with VCV (VCV group). The changes of the peak inflating pressure and the mean pressure of the airway were observed at the very beginning of the mechanical ventilation and the following 12 and 24 hours, respectively. The transcutaneous saturation of oxygen pressure, the pressure of oxygen in artery, the mean blood pressure, the central venous pressure, the heart rate and the incidence of the pressure injury were also monitored before ventilation and 12 hours after ventilation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pressure of oxygen in artery, the transcutaneous saturation of oxygen pressure, the heart rate and the respiratory rate in the PCV group were obviously improved after ventilation treatment. The peak inflating pressure, the mean pressure of the airway and the central venous pressure in the PCV group were lower than in the VCV group. The incidence of pressure injury was 0 in the PCV group while 10% in the VCV group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clinical effect of PCV on traumatic ARDS is better and the incidence rate of pressure injury is lower than that of VCV. PCV has minimal effects on the hemodynamics.</p>

The effect of double-balloon and triple-channel transurethral perfusion and drainage catheter on patient's sperm quality in the therapy of chronic prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical improvement of patient's sperm quality after the therapy on chronic prostatitis (CP) with double-balloon and triple-channel transurethral perfusion and drainage catheter.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Double-balloon and triple-channel transurethral perfusion and drainage catheter along with millimeter wave physical therapy and intravenous infusion with antibiotics were adopted to treat 58 CP patients. The patient's sperm quality was analyzed pre- and post- therapy by Computer-assisted Sperm Analysis Instrument.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The comparison of patient's sperm quality parameters between pre- and post-therapy: percentage of motile sperm (42.66 +/- 17.12)% vs (55.23 +/- 14.79)%, grade a sperm (12.63 +/- 12.50)% vs (29.84 +/- 14.86)%, grade a + b sperm (29.14 +/-15.04)% vs (42.28 +/- 12.67)%, amplitude of the lateral head displacement (ALH) (3.04 +/- 1.55) microm vs (2.69 +/- 1.67) microm. The differences between pre- and post-therapy in above mentioned sperm parameters were all statistically significant (P < 0.01). While the differences among other sperm parameters were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Timely and effective therapy with transurethral perfusion and drainage catheter can improve the patient's sperm quality significantly, but sperm movement function cannot resume completely in a short time.</p>

Treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis by perfusion with double-balloon and triple-channel catheter: a control study / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of the double-balloon and triple-channel catheter (DBTC) in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and three CBP patients were randomly assigned to three different groups and received three different therapies, respectively: 1. 61 cases by transurethral perfusion and drainage with antibiotics with DBTC catheter; 2. 29 cases by intravenous antibiotics, and 3. 13 cases by transurethral irrigation with 0.9% saline. The lecithin, white blood cells (WBC) in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) and Meares-Stamey's test fractionary urine culture pre- and post-therapies were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The improvement rates of clinical symptoms and lecithin corpuscles were 81.9% and 68.9%, respectively. And the decline rate of WBC and bacteriological efficacy rate were 75.4% and 91.8%, respectively. There was a significant statistical difference between the DBTC group and the intravenous group in the lecithin, WBC and bacterial culture (P < 0.05, < 0.01 and < 0.01, respectively), and so was there between the saline group and the intravenous group in the decline of WBC(chi 2 = 5.6, P < 0.05), but with no difference in lecithin and bacterial culture. Among 61 patients treated with DBTC, 3 developed mild allergic reaction in urethra.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transurethral DBTC has a better clinical efficacy than traditional intravenous treatment for CBP. DBTC perfusion combined with other hypurgia holds obvious advantages of being safe, effective, easy and repeatable in the treatment of CBP.</p>

Effect of thymosin alpha 1 on cellular immune function in elderly patients with malignant tumor / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of thymosin alpha 1 on cellular immune function in the elderly patients with malignant tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients with malignant tumor were injected with thymosin alpha 1 subcutaneously at the dose of 1.6 mg q.d. for the first month and q.o.d. for the following month. The number of T cell subgroups and the activity of NK cell in peripheral blood were detected and the quality of life of the patients were evaluated before treatment and at the end of treatment.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Treatment of thymosin alpha 1 increased the number of CD4 cells and improved the NK activity, and also improved the quality of life of the elderly patients with malignant tumor. There were no side effects found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Thymosin alpha 1 can enhance the cellular immune function of the elderly patients with malignant tumor.</p>

Changes of arginine vasopressin in elderly patients with acute traumatic cerebral injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes and clinical significance of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in elderly patients with acute traumatic cerebral injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With radioimmunoassay, the plasma levels of AVP were measured in 32 elderly patients with acute traumatic cerebral injury, 30 traumatic patients without cerebral injury and 30 healthy elderly volunteers, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The plasma level of AVP in patients with acute traumatic cerebral injury in the early stage (48.30 ng/L +/- 8.28 ng/L) was much higher than that of the traumatic patients without cerebral injury (25.56 ng/L +/- 4.64 ng/L, P<0.01), which was much higher than that of the healthy volunteers (5.06 ng/L +/- 4.12 ng/L, P<0.01). The level of AVP in the patients with acute traumatic cerebral injury was negatively related with GCS scores.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AVP may play an important role in the pathophysiological process in patients with acute traumatic cerebral injury in the early stage. The severer the cerebral injury is, the higher the level of AVP is, which indicates that the level of AVP may be one of the severity indices of traumatic cerebral injury in elderly patients.</p>