Ultrasound-Guided Transmuscular Quadratus Lumbar Block Reduces Opioid Consumption after Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objectives Transmuscular quadratus lumborum block (TQLB) may provide postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing intraperitoneal surgeries. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential efficacy of TQLB among patients undergoing retroperitoneal procedures, such as the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). Methods This prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted from August 2017 to November 2018 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing, China). Patients who were scheduled for a LPN, aged 18-70 years old with an ASA physical status score of I - II were randomly assigned to receive either TQLB with 0.6 ml/kg of 0.5% ropivacaine plus general anesthesia (TQLB group) or general anesthesia alone (control group). Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine was initiated immediately upon surgery completion. The primary outcome was the cumulative consumption of morphine within 8 h after surgery. The secondary outcome included postoperative consumptions of morphine at other time points, pain score at rest and during activity, postoperative nausea and vomitting (PONV), and recovery related parameters. Results Totally 30 patients per group were recruited in the study. The 8 h consumption of morphine was lower in the TQLB group than in the control group (median, 0.023 mg/kg

Preliminary Application of WCX Magnetic Bead-Based Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in Analyzing the Urine of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To evaluate the application of weak cation exchange (WCX) magnetic bead-based Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in detecting differentially expressed proteins in the urine of renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) and its value in the early diagnosis of RCCC.Methods Eleven newly diagnosed patients (10 males and 1 female, aged 46-78, mean 63 years) of renal clear cell carcinoma by biopsy and 10 healthy volunteers (all males, aged 25-32, mean 29.7 years) were enrolled in this study. Urine samples of the RCCC patients and healthy controls were collected in the morning. Weak cation exchange (WCX) bead-based MALDI-TOF MS technique was applied in detecting differential protein peaks in the urine of RCCC. ClinProTools2.2 software was utilized to determine the characteristic proteins in the urine of RCCC patients for the predictive model of RCCC. Results The technique identified 160 protein peaks in the urine that were different between RCCC patients and health controls; and among them, there was one peak (molecular weight of 2221.71 Da) with statistical significance (P=0.0304). With genetic algorithms and the support vector machine, we screened out 13 characteristic protein peaks for the predictive model. Conclusions The application of WCX magnetic bead-based MALDI-TOF MS in detecting differentially expressed proteins in urine may have potential value for the early diagnosis of RCCC.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Gleason Score 10 Prostate Cancer on Core Biopsy Treated by External Radiotherapy and Hormone Therapy / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Gleason score 10 prostate cancer treated by external radiotherapy and hormone therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2003 to March 2014, 1832 patients with prostate cancer were treated, among which 9 patients (represented 0.49%) were identified as Gleason score 10 disease on prostate core biopsy without distant metastases when first diagnosed. All 9 patients were treated by whole pelvic external radiotherapy (The whole pelvic dose was 50.0 Gy and the boost dose ranged from 76.2 to 78.0 Gy) and long-term hormone therapy. We assessed the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and treatment toxicities. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median follow-up was 4.8 years. Six patients' pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were lower than 20.0 μg/L and three patients' pre-treatment PSA levels were higher than 70.0 μg/L. The median percentage of positive biopsy cores was 91%. Three, four and two cases were classified as T2c, T3a and T3b stage, respectively. Three cases were assessed as N1 stage. The 5-year biochemical failure-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, cancer specific survival and overall survival rates were 28.6%, 57.1%, 66.7% and 57.1%, respectively. Five patients experienced grade 1-2 acute gastrointestinal toxicities and six patients complained of grade 1-2 acute genitourinary toxicities. No bone fracture or cardiovascular disease was detected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gleason score 10 prostate cancer on core biopsy is usually combined with other high risk factors. The pre-treatment PSA levels lie in two extremes. Timely and active treatments are urgent needed because unfavourable oncological outcomes are often presented.</p>

Outcomes of T3a Prostate Cancer with Unfavorable Prognostic Factors Treated with Brachytherapy Combined with External Radiotherapy and Hormone Therapy / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the outcomes of T3a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors treated with permanent interstitial brachytherapy combined with external radiotherapy and hormone therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2003 to December 2008, 38 patients classified as T3a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors were treated with trimodality therapy (brachytherapy + external radiotherapy + hormone therapy). The prescription dose of brachytherapy and external radiotherapy were 110 Gy and 45 Gy, respectively. The duration of hormone therapy was 2-3 years. The endpoints of this study included biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Log-rank test was used to identify the prognostic predictors for univariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median follow-up was 71 months. The serum pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level ranged from 10.0 to 99.8 ng/ml (mean 56.3 ng/ml), the Gleason score ranged from 5 to 9 (median 8), and the percentage of positive biopsy cores ranged from 10% to 100% (mean 65%). The 5-year BFFS, DMFS, CSS, and OS rates were 44%, 69%, 82%, and 76%, respectively. All biochemical failures occurred within 40 months. The percentage of positive biopsy cores was significantly correlated with BFFS, DMFS, and OS (all P=0.000), and the Gleason score with DMFS (P=0.000) and OS (P=0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>T3a prostate cancer with unfavorable prognostic factors presents not so optimistic outcome. Hormone therapy should be applied to prolong the biochemical progression-free or metastasis-free survival. The percentage of positive biopsy cores and the Gleason score are significant prognostic factors.</p>

Simultaneous renal clear cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor in one case

Renal cell carcinoma is a tumor in kidney, while gastrointestinal stromal tumors are localized in the stomach and small intestine. They seldom occur simultaneously in sporadic case, both of which were suspective to sunitinib, a tyrosine kinases [RTKs] inhibitor. Our current case is novel in that concurrent RTK-related tumors are involved in one case. One possible explanation is the presence of some activating mutations

Expressions of receptor tyrosine kinases mRNA and protein in carcinoma of bladder / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expressions of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) mRNA and protein and to explore potentially promising tumor markers and conceivable drug target in bladder cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of RTKs mRNA and protein in tissue from invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were examined by real-time quantitative PCR array and cytokine antibody array, with normal bladder tissue as control. The Results were analyzed using bioinformatic approaches.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of TGFA, STAB1, SERPINE1, ANGPT2, SPINK5, ANGPTL1, PROK1, MDK, CXCL9, GRN, RUNX1, VEGFA, and TGFB1 were obviously upregulated in bladder cancer tissue, while those of EDIL3, PTN, CCL2, PDGFD, FGF13, KITLG, FGF2, SERPINF1, and TNF were downregulated. ALK, Btk, EphB2, ErbB4, PDGFR-α, ROS, Tie-2, Tyk2, and VEGFR3 were over-expressed in bladder cancer, while FRK, Fyn, IGF-IR, Insulin R, Itk, JAK1, JAK3, and LCK were low-expressed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Vascular endothelial growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor-targeted therapies may play an active role in treating carcinoma of bladder.</p>

Screening for the serum differential proteins of renal cell carcinoma using magnetic beads-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen for the differential protein peaks of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using magnetic beads-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum proteins were profiled by magnetic beads (WCX) from 62 RCC patients and 37 patients with benign renal space-occupying lesions. Protein peaks were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Data were analyzed with Biomarker Wizard 3.1 and Biomarker Patterns Software 5.0. Diagnostic model for RCC was constructed based on 47 RCC cases and 26 patients with benign renal space-occupying lesions. The remaining 26 cases were evaluated with blind method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven differential protein peaks related to RCC were identified (Pβ0.05). The diagnostic model for RCC constructed by the differential protein peaks (m/z 2945.35, 15340.8, 6984.51, and 5819.23) generated excellent separation between the RCC and control groups, with a sensitivity of 83.0% and the specificity of 84.6%. As validated by blind method, the model had a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 81.8%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Differential protein peaks for RCC can be identified in serum by magnetic beads-based MALDI-TOF-MS, which is also valuable for the establishment of a RCC diagnostic model with a high sensitivity and specificity.</p>

Application of adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor determination and ultrastructural observation of tumor cells in the subtyping of adrenocortical neoplasms / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the values of adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor (ACTH-R) determination and ultrastructural observation of tumor cells in the subtyping of adrenocortical neoplasms (ANs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of ACTH-R in 87 AN tissues were determined with Polymer immunohistochemical staining, with 10 normal adrenal tissues as the controls. The ultrastructure of the tumor cells was observed using electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression rate of ACTH-R was (80.1 +/- 8.2)%, (53.2 +/- 10.3)%, (63.2 +/- 10.1)%, (83.3 +/- 6.5)%, and (70.1 +/- 7.3)% in the sub-CPA group, CPA group, APA group, NFA group, and NC group, respectively. ACTH-R expression was significantly higher in NFA and sub-CPA groups than in NC group (P = 0.001, P = 0.000), APA group (P = 0.000, P = 0.000), and CPA group (P = 0.000, P = 0.000), and was also significantly different between NC group and APA group (P = 0.039) and between APA group and CPA group (P = 0.037). However, no significant difference was found between NFA group and sub-CPA group (P = 0.325). As shown by the electron microscopy, ANs had some partially similar microscopic features, while different AN subtypes showed differences in the type and amount of secretory granules.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ACTH-R determination and ultrastructural observation of tumor cells may be helpful for subtyping ANs.</p>

decade of clinical experience with extra-adrenal paragangliomas of retroperitoneum: report of 67 cases and a literature review

The purpose was to highlight the diagnosis and treatment of extra-adrenal para-gangliomas, which often causes catecholamine hypersecretion and hypertension. 67 cases of extra-adrenal paraganglioma of retroperitoneum proven pathologically from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed and studied after operation. Endocrine secretion examinations, B-US, CT, MRI, 131-MIBG, octreotide and hands microcirculation inspection were used to diagnose the disease. All patients underwent successful surgical resection of the tumors, which proved to be paragangliomas. They were from 3 cm to 25 cm in size. Almost all of them were diffusely positive for cgA, syn, NSE and s-100 by immunohitochemical staining. There were nine cases assayed malignant paraganglioma by the follow-up. 131-MIBG and octreotide have high sensitivity and accuracy in diagosing extra-adrenal paraganglioma. Surgical treatment should be carried out on the basis of correct drug preparation of a-receptor blocker, such as prazosin and phenoxybenzamine. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for extra-adrenal paragangliomas as well as recurrent or metastatic disease, which could be resected laparoscopically. Intimate lifelong follow-up is necessary and important

Role of adrenalectomy in recurrent Cushing's disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cushing's disease is a pituitary-dependent type of Cushing's syndrome. Treatment consists of pituitary surgery or radiotherapy, but the recurrence rate at 10 years is as high as 40%. Adrenalectomy is considered an effective treatment to refractory Cushing's disease. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and open adrenalectomy in Cushing's disease, focusing on reversing the sequelae of hypercortisolism and improving patients' quality of life.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-three patients (29 women, 14 men) with recurrent Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal operation underwent laparoscopic (n = 32) or open (n = 11) adrenalectomy from 2000 to 2008. Surgical results were evaluated for all the 43 patients. Patients completed a follow-up survey, including the short-form 36-item (SF-36) health survey.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 43 patients achieved clinical reversal of hypercortisolism after adrenalectomy. Time to symptom resolution varied from a few weeks to up to 3 years. Most physical changes had resolved by a mean of 8 months after surgery. These conditions were not significantly different between the laparoscopy and open groups. Median length of hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopy group (4 vs. 9 days; P < 0.001). Median follow-up was 48.5 months. Of the 34 (79%) patients available for follow-up, 22 (65%) had adrenocorticotropic hormone levels > 200 ng/ml and 6 (27%) had clinical Nelson syndrome. Four patients died by 75 months after surgery. Using SF-36, 30 (88%) patients reported they felt their health status was good to excellent compared with 1 year before adrenalectomy; however, they showed significantly lower scores in all the 8 SF-36 parameters compared with the general population. No significant difference emerged in SF-36 scores between the laparoscopy and open groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Adrenalectomy showed high survival and clinical benefits in recurrent Cushing's disease patients. Despite patient-reported improvement in health after adrenalectomy, patients continue to experience poor health status compared with the general population.</p>

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection for pheochromocytoma (experience of 107 cases) / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection for pheochromocytoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 107 cases of pheochromocytoma in PUMCH from 2003 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 58 males and 49 females with an age range from 8 to 77 years (mean 44 years) in this cohort. One hundred and two cases were intra-adrenal and 5 extra-adrenal. Of the 102 intra-adrenal tumors, 43 tumors were located in left adrenal, 51 in right adrenal and 8 in both sides. All of the 5 extra-adrenal tumors were at para-abdominal aorta. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection was performed for the 107 cases. This period was separated to 3 stages based on the degrees of the practical ability for retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection, such as tentative and exploratory stage, accumulative stage, and mature stage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At tentative and exploratory stage from June 2003 to December 2003, 10 cases underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery, of which 3 cases were converted to open surgery. The mean diameter was 4.2 cm (range in diameter from 2.5 cm to 6.0 cm). The mean operation time was 105 min (range from 60 min to 230 min). The mean volume of blood loss during operation was 620 ml (range from 150 ml to 1800 ml). At accumulative stage from January 2004 to December 2006, 66 cases underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery with none converted to open surgery. The mean diameter was 5.7 cm (range in diameter from 2.1 cm to 8.7 cm), and the diameter was above 6.0 cm in 19 cases. The mean operation time was 95 min (range from 40 min to 210 min). The mean volume of blood loss during operation was 350 ml (range from 50 ml to 1800 ml). At mature stage from January 2007 to June 2008, 31 cases, including 5 extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas, underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. The mean diameter was 6.5 (range in diameter from 1.5 cm to 12.3 cm). The mean operation time was 75 min (range from 40 min to 160 min). The mean volume of blood loss during operation was 180 ml (range from 50 ml to 800 ml). No peri-operative death occurred. Follow up period was ranging from 1 to 62 months (the mean was 34 months), and 7 failed to be followed up, 3 cases recurred. And there was no distant metastases and death case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for pheochromocytoma is feasible and safe. This procedure will be more and more performed as the advancement of the skill and accumulation of experience. The dimension, recurrence and location of tumor are not the absolute contraindication of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for pheochromocytoma.</p>

The significance of Ki-67 antigen expression in the distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the expression of Ki-67 antigen in benign and malignant pheochromocytomas, and to evaluate whether the expression of Ki-67 antigen could serve as a diagnostic marker for predicting the biological behaviour of these tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ki-67 antigen were detected by immunohistochemical technique and image analysis in 57 cases of clinically documented benign and malignant pheochromocytomas were analyzed. Aside from histological study, Ki-67 immunohistochemistry studies were performed to get the Ki-67 index. Statistical analysis was performed between these groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ki-67 index was low in benign pheochromocytomas (average 0.98%), and high in malignant pheochromocytomas (average 3.78%). There was statistically significant difference in expressions of Ki-67 antigen between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas. The Ki-67 index of 2 cases in benign pheochromocytomas (5.1%, 2/39) and 10 cases in malignant pheochromocytomas (55.6%, 10/18) was higher than 3%. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Ki-67 index higher than 3% to diagnosis malignant pheochromocytomas was 82.5%, 55.6%, 94.9%, 83.3% and 82.2%. The follow-ups indicated the survival rate of patients with higher Ki-67 index was lower than those with lower Ki-67 index.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ki-67 may serve as a useful marker of the biological behavior of tumors, and can provide useful information for prognosis of tumor patients. Immunohistochemical assessment of Ki-67 antigen can be useful in the differential diagnosis of malignant from benign pheochromocytomas. Ki-67 index (> 3%) is a useful marker for distinguishing benign from malignant tumors or for predicting the malignant potential of pheochromocytomas.</p>

Subclinical Cushing's syndrome:analysis of diagnosis and surgical effect / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve the diagnostic and therapeutic ability on subclinical Cushing's syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis for the clinical data of 24 cases of subclinical Cushing's syndrome, the clinical and biological characters pre and post operation were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>None of the 24 cases of subclinical Cushing's syndrome had the classic symptoms and signs of Cushing's syndrome. The common symptoms of these patients were hypertension in 17 cases, diabetes mellitus in 11 cases, hyperlipidemia in 9 cases, high plasma cortisol value in 13 cases and high 24 h UFC value in 9 cases. None of patients did respond to low dose dexamethasone suppression test, but 16 cases of them did not respond to high dose dexamethasone suppression test. All the cases were found adrenal tumors by CT scan, 10 cases in left adrenal and 14 cases in right adrenal. All the patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation and were pathologic diagnosed to adrenal adenomas. During follow-up, the symptoms of 20 cases (83.3%) were cured after surgery, and hormone supplement was required in 8 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Subclinical Cushing's syndrome may be incidentally detected on clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and imaging examinations. CT scan, assays of plasma cortisol, urinary free cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test are most useful in the diagnosis. The potential benefit of surgery should be considered in those who have a definite diagnosis of subclinical Cushing's syndrome. Hormone supplement is required in some patients. It is safe and practical to perform retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery on the patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome.</p>

Separation and purification of skeletal muscle satellite cells for tissue engineering applications by Percoll / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate separation and purification of skeletal muscle satellite cells with improved incontinuous density Percoll gradient centrifugation technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The primary skeletal muscle satellite cells of New Zealand white rabbits were cultured with different adhesion time method and incontinuous density Percoll gradient centrifugation technique. The cells were observed under invert microscope and scanning electron microscope. The degree of purification was examined by celluar immunochemical stain. The growth curve was tested by thiazolyl blue assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Over 90% satellite cells were harvested by incontinuous density Percoll gradient centrifugation technique, in contrast to which, only 30%-40% cells were harvested by different adhesion time. Morphological observation accorded with satellite cells. The growth curve indicated that the cells grew in a good status.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high purification satellite cells can be obtained by incontinuous density Percoll gradient centrifugation technique. It is a good method to culture seed cells for tissue engineering applications.</p>

Expression of adrenomedullin and its receptor mRNA in the tissues of normal adrenal medulla and pheochromocytoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of human adrenomedullin (ADM) and its receptor-receptor activity modifying protein 2/calcitonin receptor-like receptor (RAMP2/CRLR) mRNA in the tissues of normal adrenal medulla and pheochromocytoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total RNA was extracted from normal adrenal medulla and pheochromocytomas. The expression of ADM and RAMP2/CRLR mRNA were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The ratios of ADM/GAPDH, RAMP2/ GAPDH, CRLR/GAPDH were used to evaluate the expression levels of ADM, RAMP2 and CRLR mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expressions of ADM and its receptor- RAMP2/CRLR mRNA were detected in normal adrenal medulla and pheochromocytoma tissues. ADM/GAPDH were 0.48+/-0.09 and 0.75+/-0.24, RAMP2/ GAPDH 0.79+/-0.12 and 1.29+/-0.30, CRLR/GAPDH 0.40+/-0.08 and 0.87+/-0.22 in normal adrenal medulla and pheochromocytomas, respectively (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ADM exerts a possible autocrine or paracrine effect in the adrenal. ADM may be involved in the pathogenesis of pheochromocytoma.</p>

The expression and significance of chromogranin A and synaptophysin in adrenal gland tumors / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (Syn) for differential diagnosis of different kinds of adrenal gland tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The samples of 69 adrenal gland tumors and 4 normal adrenal glands were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of chromogranin A and synaptophysin. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the normal adrenal gland, CgA and Syn was exclusively detected in the medulla. CgA was detected in all pheochromocytomas 25/25 (100%), and gave less or no expression in adrenocortical tumors. Syn was detected in adrenocortical adenomas 27/28 (96.4%), adrenocortical carcinoma 7/8 (87.5%), pheochromocytoma 24/25 (96.0%) and adrenal metastatic carcinoma 6/8 (75.0%), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is statistically significant difference of CgA expression between adrenalcortical and adrenal medullary tumors, and also between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas. CgA and Syn are immunohistochemically reliable markers in the differential diagnosis of various kinds of adrenal gland tumors.</p>

The evaluation of the diagnosis and treatment of 32 cases with ectopic ACTH syndrome / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic ACTH syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 32 cases of ectopic ACTH syndrome, recruited from January 1990 to April 2003 in our hospital, was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the 32 cases presented with clinical and biochemical evidences of Cushing's syndrome. Ten cases were definitively diagnosed as ectopic ACTH syndrome by finding ectopic tumors; 4 cases were highly suspected as ectopic ACTH by blood sampling from femoral vein and infra-petrosal vein and 18 cases were suspected as ectopic ACTH by imaging examinations. Fifteen cases (47%), without identified source of ectopic hormone, were treated with bilateral or unilateral total adrenalectomy, with 1-year survival rate of 60%. Seven cases (22%), with possible source of ectopic hormone, underwent no intervention, with 1-year survival rate of 0. Ten cases underwent radical resection of tumor, 6 of which were bronchial carcinoids and 4 of which were thymic carcinoids, with 1-year survival rate of 60%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is very difficult to localize the tumor of ectopic ACTH syndrome patients. Bilateral adrenalectomy followed by hormonal replacement is effective for most of the patients without identifying source of ectopic hormone.</p>

Adrenal incidentalomas: report of 126 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal incidentalomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-six patients were analyzed, in which 98 patients underwent operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all types of the adrenal incidentalomas, 52 (41.3%) of them were adenomas and they were the most often; 43 (34.1%) of them were hypersecretory adrenal tumors, most of them were pheochromocytomas and Conn adenomas; all nonhypersecretory adrenal adenomas were under 6 cm, and all adrenal carcinomas were above 6 cm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is important to search for hypersecretory adrenal tumors and to detect malignant adrenal tumors. To nonhypersecretory adrenal adenomas, the sizes of tumors are the most important indexes in determining weather the tumors are benign or malignant and weather the tumors need to be treated with operation or not.</p>

Changes in serum PSA after brachytherapy for prostate cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the serum prostate specific antigen(PSA)change after I-125 radioactive seed implantation without androgen ablation therapy for prostate cancer,Methods A total of 13 patients with prostate cancer were included.The clinical stage was T_(1c)N_0M_0 in 8 cases,and T_(2a)N_0M_0 in 5. The Gleason scores were 5 in 4 cases and 6 in 9.The mean serum PSA was 8.2 ng/ml(range,2.8-14.6 ng/ml).I-125 seed implantation(D90=140-155 Gy)was performed.Serum PSA was monitored every month for the first 3 months and every 3 months for the next 20 months.Results The range of follow-up time was 3-23 months.At 1,2,3,6,9,12,15,18 and 21 months after implantation,the median serum PSA values were 6.7,5.0,2.7,1.6,1.2,0.9,0.8,0.8 and 0.7 ng/ml;and the median percentage change in ser- um PSA were 72%,51%,29%,20%,13%,11%,9%,9% and 8%,respectively.One month after brachy- therapy,30% of the patients had fluctuation in PSA.Conclusions Compared with radical prostatectomy and androgen ablation therapy,the rate of PSA decline is slower with fluctuation at early phase.The most sig- nificant decline of PSA occurs in the first 12 months,especially in the first 3 months after I-125 seed implan- tation.