Research Progress of microRNA-7/124/155 in Parkinson's Disease / 中国医学科学院学报

Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease,with high morbidity and high disability rate.Since the early symptoms of PD are not typical and often similar to those of normal aging or other diseases.It is easy to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis,which seriously affects the diagnosis and treatment of this disease and aggravetes the burden on the patients' life.MicroRNAs(miRNA)are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation by binding to target messenger RNAs(mRNA).They are highly conserved,short,easy to obtain,and can stably exist in peripheral body fluids.They have been used as biomarkers for a variety of diseases.Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNA play an important role in the development of PD.This paper reviews the recent research progress of miR-7/124/155,three mature miRNA in PD,aiming to provide reference for clarifying the pathogenesis and guiding the diagnosis and treatment of PD.

Prostatic arterial embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia in high-risk aged males / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the efficacy and safety of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH) in high-risk aged males.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 21 high-risk BPH patients aged 77-91 (mean 80) years treated by PAE.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PAE was successfully performed in all the 21 patients, with the operation time of 90-120 min. At 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery, the International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) were 18.3 ± 3.1, 9.8 ± 2.7, 9.4 ± 2.5, and 10.1 ± 2.2, the quality of life scores ( QOL) were 4.6 ± 1.4, 4.3 ± 1.2, 4.6 ± 1.1, and 4.9 ± 0.6, the maximum urinary flow rates ( Qmax) were (12.5 ± 2.5), (15.8 ± 2.4), (16.6 ± 2.2), and (16.3 ± 1.8) ml/s, and the postvoid residual urine volumes (PVR) were (35.0 ± 3.4), (13.0 ± 3.3), (10.0 ± 3.0), and (8.0 ± 2.5) ml, respectively, markedly improved as compared with the baseline (IPSS: 24.5 ± 3.7, QOL: 5.7 ± 1.6, Qmax: [8.3 ± 2.1] ml/s, and PVR: [98.0 ± 11.0] ml), with statistically significant differences in IPSS, QOL, Qmax, and PVR (all P < 0.05). The maximal velocity of blood flow in the prostate was obviously decreased and the prostate volumes were (74.4 ± 4.8), (42.5 ± 4.4), (38.3 ± 4.0), and (36.7 ± 3.5) cm3 at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months, respectively, also significantly reduced in comparison with (84.3 ± 5.4) cm3 preoperatively (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PAE is a safe and effective option for the treatment of BPH in high-risk aged males.</p>

Comparing percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolysis in patients with return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolysis after restoration of spontaneous circulation in cardiac arrest patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction using meta-analysis. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of clinical studies indexed in the PUBMED, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and published between January 1995 and October 2012. In addition, we compared the hospital discharge and neurological recovery rates between the patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention and those who received thrombolysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies evaluating the effects of percutaneous coronary intervention or thrombolysis after restoration of spontaneous circulation in cardiac arrest patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction were included. Seventeen of the 24 studies were used in this meta-analysis. All studies were used to compare percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolysis. The meta-analysis showed that the rate of hospital discharge improved with both percutaneous coronary intervention (p<0.001) and thrombolysis (p<0.001). We also found that cardiac arrest patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction who received thrombolysis after restoration of spontaneous circulation did not have decreased hospital discharge (p = 0.543) or neurological recovery rates (p = 0.165) compared with those who received percutaneous coronary intervention. CONCLUSION: In cardiac arrest patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction who achieved restoration of spontaneous circulation, both percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolysis improved the hospital discharge rate. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the hospital discharge and neurological recovery rates between the percutaneous coronary intervention-treated group and the thrombolysis-treated group. .

Comparing the diagnostic values of circulating microRNAs and cardiac troponin T in patients with acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown that circulating microRNAs might be useful, novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of cardiac-specific miRNAs (miR-1, -133a, -208b, and -499) in patients with acute myocardial infarction and to compare the diagnostic values of these miRNAs with that of cardiac troponin T. METHODS: Sixty-seven plasma samples obtained from patients with acute myocardial infarction and 32 plasma specimens collected from healthy volunteers were analyzed in this study. The levels of cardiac-specific miRNAs (miR-1, -133a, -208b, and -499) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the concentrations of plasma cardiac troponin T were measured using electrochemiluminescence-based methods and an Elecsys 2010 Immunoassay Analyzer. RESULTS: The levels of plasma miR-1, -133a, -208b, and -499 were significantly higher in acute myocardial infarction patients (all p<0.001) than in healthy volunteers. The expression of the cardiac-specific miRNAs in acute myocardial infarction patients decreased to close to the baseline levels at the time of hospital discharge (all p>0.05). There were no correlations between the levels of the four circulating miRNAs and the clinical characteristics of the study population (all p>0.05). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the four plasma miRNAs were not superior to cardiac troponin T for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that circulating miR-1, -133a, -208b, and -499 may be useful biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction patients but that these miRNAs are not superior to cardiac troponin T for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

Long term depression of the recurrent inhibition of monosynaptic spinal reflexes after sciatic nerve crush in adult rats / 生理学报

Sciatic nerve injury is a common disease of peripheral nerve in clinic. After nerve injury, there are many dysfunctions in motoneurons and muscles following regeneration. Previous studies mostly investigated the aspects related to the injured nerve, and the effect on the recurrent inhibition (RI) pathway of spine following regeneration was not fully understood. Following reinnervation after temporary sciatic nerve crush, the functional alteration of RI was studied. In adult rats, RI between lateral gastrocnemius-soleus (LG-S) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor pools was assessed by conditioning monosynaptic reflexes (MSRs) elicited from the cut dorsal roots and recorded from either the LG-S or MG nerves by antidromic stimulation of the synergist muscle nerve. The following results were obtained. (1) The RI of MSRs in rats was almost lost (<5 weeks) after sciatic nerve crush. Although the RI partially recovered following reinnervation (6 weeks), it remained permanently depressed (up to 14 weeks). (2) Sciatic nerve crush on one side did not affect the contralateral RI. (3) Sciatic nerve crush did not induce any motoneuron loss revealed by immunohistochemistry. Peripheral nerve temporary disconnection causes long term alterations in RI pathway which make up motoneuron's function enhance for the alteration of muscle power and suggests that peripheral nerve injury induces long term plastic changes in the spinal motoneuron circuitry.

Arabinocytidine ameliorates rotenone-induced injuries in rat midbrain astrocytes in vitro / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To observe the toxic effects of rotenone on the proliferation, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) content and the expression level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) of rat rnidbrain astrocytes in vitro and the interventional effect of arabinoeytidine (ara-c). Methods In vitro cultured rat midbrain astrocytes were assigned randomly into 9 groups, including a normal control group, 4 short-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 24 h to 10, 20, 40 or 60 nmol/L rotenone, 2 long-term rotenone treatment groups exposed for 30 days to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone, and 2 ara-c groups with 500 nmol/L ara-c treatment following exposure to 10 or 20 nmol/L rotenone for 6 days. The cell proliferation was assessed by immunocytochemical detection of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). GSH content in the treated cells was measured by GSH detection kit, and the expression of GDNF was detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Results The 24-h exposure to low-level rotenone (10 and 20 nmol/L) did not cause any changes in GSH content or GDNF expression in the cells. But at 40 and 60 nmol/L, rotenone treatment for 24 h significantly decreased the GSH content and GDNF expression. Rotenone exposure for 30 days increased the ratio of proliferating astrocytes and decreased GDNF expression level, but the GSH content remained stable. The application of 500 nmol/L ara-c to suppress the cell proliferation restored the expression level of GDNF to almost the control level and markedly increased GSH content. Conclusion Rotenone affects the proliferation and activity of rat midbrain astrocytes in vitro and deteriorates the microenvironment of dopaminergic neurons. Low-level ara-c can increase the GSH content and GDNF expression levels by suppressing the proliferation of rotenone-exposed astrocytes, suggesting its potential value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Study on the relationship between smoking behavior and other unhealthy behaviors among middle school students in 4 cities of China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the situation of smoking behavior among the students of middle school in Beijing, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Urumchi and to analyze the relationship between smoking behavior and several unhealthy behaviors together with psychological troubles to provide evidence in developing an early intervention plan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The National Health Education Institute (NHEI) of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided relevant data on all middle schools in the 4 cities and then U.S. CDC randomly sampled 100 common middle schools from them with a special sampling process. The core questionnaire developed by the experts from WHO and other countries was used in the survey among 9015 sampled students.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among all the sampled students, 29.4% of them had ever attempted cigarettes smoking while 6.6% of them tried tobacco in the 30 days before survey, 27.0% of the students with smoking behavior began smoking at the age of 9 or younger, 31.8% had learned how to refuse smoking from school education. The students with smoking behavior were more likely to drink alcohol, use drugs, bully others, be injured, miss classes, and have some psychological troubles than those without smoking behavior.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were increasing trends noticed on the incidence of attempt and smoking cigarettes. Smoking was closely related to other unhealthy behaviors and psychological troubles. Comprehensive education activities on "no-smoking" should be implemented as early as possible among adolescents, as well as to promote training on life skills.</p>

Study on health related behaviors and its protective factors of junior middle school students in 4 cities of China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide accurate data on health related behaviors and protective factors among students in middle schools in China, for developing priorities, programs and policies on health education.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used a standard scientific sample selection process developed by American Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to conduct the questionnaire survey among middle schools from four cities--Beijing, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Urumchi.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Data were found as: 3.2% of students are overweight; 25.3% of students rarely washing hands before eating at school, 20.5% of the students had seriously injured in the past 12 months, 30.4% of male students having had physical fighting, 17.1% of the students having serious attempted suicide, 29.7% of the students ever tried or experimented cigarette smoking, 13.0% having drunk from alcohol and 14.5% having been offered or selling drugs during the past 30 days, 78.9% were in an insufficient amount of physical activity and only 14.3% often used seat belt when riding in a car.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There were many problems on health related behaviors among middle school students in these four cities, especially on hygiene, physical activities, psychological situation, smoking and drinking etc. It is absolutely necessary to develop health education for children and adolescence to promote their healthy behaviors and lifestyle.</p>