Investigation on the indication of ipsilateral adrenalectomy in radical nephrectomy: a meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>With a trend that renal tumors are being detected at an earlier stage, classical radical nephrectomy is being reconsidered. More conservative techniques are being proposed. To clarify the indication for synchronous adrenalectomy in radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma which has been questioned since the 1980s, this study evaluates the role of adrenalectomy and recommends a new indication for adrenalectomy in renal cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A systemic search was performed, using PubMed and Google Scholar, of all English language studies published up to March 2012 that compared adrenalectomy with adrenal-sparing surgery, in surgery for renal cell carcinoma. We assessed preoperative imaging for adrenal involvement and the relationship of tumor location with adrenal metastases. Twenty-one studies (20 retrospective and 1 prospective) involving 11 736 patients were included.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean incidence of ipsilateral adrenal involvement from renal cell carcinoma was 4.5%. Synchronous adrenalectomy did not alter survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67 - 1.19, P = 0.43; odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95%CI 0.84 - 1.44, P = 0.49). Upper pole tumors were not associated with a higher incidence of ipsilateral adrenal metastases. Pooled preoperative imaging: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 92% (95%CI 0.84 - 0.97), 95% (95%CI 0.93 - 0.96), 71.6% and 98.5% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Adrenal involvement from renal cell carcinoma is rare, even in advanced tumours. Synchronous adrenalectomy does not offer any benefit, even for "high risk" patients. We suggest that only patients with a positive preoperative adrenal finding on preoperative imaging for a solitary adrenal metastasis should undergo adrenalectomy as part of the radical nephrectomy.</p>

Compare of laparoscopic and open surgery for radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical therapeutic effect and complications of laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder (LRC-INB) with open radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder (ORC-INB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 171 patients were evaluated, including 63 cases with ORC-INB and 108 cases with LRC-INB from June 1994 to May 2007 at our institution. The parameters analyzed included perioperative data, postoperative complications, new bladder function and effect of tumor control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics of patients between these 2 groups. The mean operating time was 330 min in the LRC group and 310 min in the ORC group (P > 0.05). The mean blood loss was 320 ml in the LRC group and 1100 ml in ORC group (P < 0.001). The mean oral intake after operation was 2.4 days for LRC group and 4.5 days for ORC group (P < 0.001). No perioperative death was occurred in both groups. The complication rate was 18.5% in LRC group, while 30.0% in ORC group (P < 0.05). Twelve months after operation, the day-time and night-time continence rate were 90.7% and 82.6% for the LRC group, 88.3% and 81.6% for the ORC group respectively (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference of VOL, pressure and residual urine volume (RUV) of neobladder between these 2 groups. Surgical margin were tumor free for 107 cases except one T4 case in laparoscopic group had positive margin (P > 0.05). The mean number of removed lymph node were 12 and 8 in LRC and ORC group respectively (P < 0.05). The 2 years tumor free survival rate of the same stage or grade was no significant different (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LCR had advantages of less blood loss, shorter oral intake time, less postoperative complications, comparable continent rate and short-term tumor control with ORC. Long-term follow up is needed to confirm the oncological outcome.</p>

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder in the female: report of 14 cases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Bladder carcinoma is the most common malignant urological tumor in China. We present our preliminary experience and results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) with orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients with bladder carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2003 to February 2008, 14 female patients with bladder carcinoma underwent LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder. Nine of these patients underwent hysterectomy and ovariectomy, and the other 5 had preservation of the uterus and ovarian appendage. Standard bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was followed by radical cystectomy that was completed laparoscopically with hysterectomy and ovariectomy when needed. The tumor was removed by a 4 - 5 cm lower midline abdominal incision, followed by the construction of ileal neobladder and the extracorporeal anastomosis of ureter-neobladder. The neobladder was anastomosed to the urethral stump under a laparoscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operative time and blood loss in the 14 patients were 350.2 minutes and 349.8 ml, respectively. Postoperative complications included uretero-pouch anastomotic stricture in 1 patient and pouch-vaginal fistula in 1 patient. Follow-up time of all patients ranged from 3 to 60 months, and 12 patients were followed up for more than 6 months and achieved micturition in half a year. One patient had occasional day-time urinary incontinence and 2 had night-time incontinence. Two patients who had undergone hysterectomy and ovariectomy had voiding difficulties after one year, which was treated by intermittent self-catheterization. The mean volume of the neobladder and the residual urine were 333.6 ml and 31.2 ml, respectively. Surgical margins were tumor free for all patients. One patient had bone metastasis and died 11 months after the operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients is a technically feasible, safe and mini-invasive procedure with a low morbidity and acceptable neobladder function. Long-term follow-up is required to confirm the neobladder function and oncological outcomes.</p>

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder: report of 33 cases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) with orthotopic ileal neobladder is now applied to treat invasive bladder cancer, however, it has not been well codified and illustrated. We describe in this paper a technique step by step that we have developed in 33 patients and achieved excellent results.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The surgical procedure can be divided into eight steps: laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and mobilization of the distal ureters; exposing Denonvillier's space and the posterior aspect of prostate; exposing retropubic space and anterior surface of the bladder; dividing the lateral pedicles of the bladder and the prostate; dividing the apex of the prostate; extracorporeal formation of the ileal pouch; extracorporeal implantation of the ureters; and laparoscopic urethra-neobladder anastomosis. This operation was performed in 33 patients, 29 males and 4 females, with muscle invasive bladder cancer between December 2002 and September 2004.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operating time was 5.5-8.5 hours with an average of 6.5 hours; the estimated blood loss was 200-1000 ml with an average of 460 ml. The surgical margins of the bladder specimen were negative in all patients. There was no evidence of local recurrence at follow-up of 1-21 months in all the patients. However lymph node metastases were found in one case at 9 months postoperatively. Most of patients achieved urine control 1 to 3 months after surgery. The daytime continence rate was 94% (31 cases) and nighttime continence rate was 88% (29 cases). Urodynamic evaluation was performed between 3 and 6 months postoperatively for all cases. The mean value of neobladder capacity was (296 +/- 37) ml. The mean value of maximum flow rate was (18.7 +/- 7.1) ml/s. The mean residual urine volume was (32 +/- 19) ml. In all cases, excretory urography at 1 to 2 months postoperatively demonstrated slightly dilated upper urinary tracts without ureteral obstruction, which resolved at follow up. Cystography showed neobladders being similar in shapes to normal. Two small ureteral nipples with intermittently efflux of urine were observed at cystoscopy in most patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 of 33 patients (18%), including pouch leakage in 2 cases, pelvic infection in 1, partial small bowel obstruction in 2 and neobladder-vaginal fistula in 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder is a feasible option for bladder cancer when radical cystectomy is indicated. The extracorporeal formation of the ileal pouch and ureteral implantation through a small lower midline incision can simplify the complexity of the procedures, shorten the duration of surgery and reduce the medical expenses.</p>

Needle laparoscopic varicocelectomy / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We evaluated our method and effects of needle laparoscopic varicocelectomy for the treatment of varicocele.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>72 patients (105 lateral) diagnosed varicocele were performed laparoscopic varicocelectomy under epidural combined intravenous anesthesia from Feb, 2003 to Apr, 2005. Two 2 mm incisions and one 5 mm incision were made on the midline of lower abdomen, by which two 2 mm trocars and one 5 mm trocar were introduced. Vessel-sealing device (Ligasure) was used to seal the internal spermatic veins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All operations were completed successfully. Mean operation time was 15 minutes unilateral and 21 minutes bilateral. The patients were hospitalized for 3 to 5 days after procedure. Follow-up was scheduled for 6 to 12 months and there was no recurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Needle laparoscopic varicocelectomy gives favorable effect with minimal invasion, rapid recovery, which is the best choice for the treatment of varicocele.</p>