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Objective To investigate the expression of cystatin C(Cys C)and high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol(HDL-C)in the serum of patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD)and vascular dementia(VD),and their clinical application.Methods A total of 40 AD patients(AD group)and 40 VD patients(VD group)admitted to Jinhua Second Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were enrolled,and another 40 healthy individuals who taking physical examination in the hospital during the same period were subjected as control group.According to Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)score,the AD patients were divided into mild(22 cases)and moderate to severe(18 cases)AD groups,and the VD patients were into mild(MoCA score 18-26,24 cases)and moderate to severe(MoCA score＜17,16 cases)VD group.Serum levels of Cys C and HDL-C were detected in all the participants,and the diagnostic efficacy of serum Cys C and HDL-C level for AD and VD was analyzed with ROC curve analysis.Results The serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and Cys C were significantly higher,and that of HDL-C was obviously lower in the AD and VD groups than the control group(P＜0.05).The Cys C level in the moderate to severe AD group and the moderate to severe VD group was higher than that in the mild AD group and the mild VD group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in HDL-C level among moder-ate to severe AD group,moderate to severe VD group,mild AD group and mild VD group(P＞0.05).The AUC value for the combined Cvs C and HDL-C for diagnosis of AD and VD were 0.980(95％CI:0.943-1.000)and 0.951(95％CI:0.905-0.996),respectively.Conclusion Detec-ting serum Cys C and HDL-C levels is simple and convenient.There are significant differences in their serum levels in the patients with AD and VD when compared with healthy population,which may become reference indicators for screening AD and VD.
RESUMO
Both immunosuppressants and antibiotics (ABX) are indispensable for transplant patients. However, the former increases the risk of new-onset diabetes, whereas the latter impacts intestinal microbiota (IM). It is still unclear whether and how the interaction between immunosuppressants and ABX alters the IM and thus leads to glucose metabolism disorders. This study examined the alterations of glucose and lipid metabolism and IM in mice exposed to tacrolimus (TAC) with or without ABX. We found that ABX further aggravated TAC-induced glucose tolerance and increased insulin secretion. Combined treatment resulted in exacerbated lipid accumulation in the liver. TAC-altered microbial community was further amplified by ABX administration, as characterized by reductions in phylum Firmicutes, family Lachnospiraceae, and genus Coprococcus. Analyses based on the metagenomic profiles revealed that ABX augmented the effect of TAC on microbial metabolic function mostly related to lipid metabolism. The altered components of gut microbiome and predicted microbial functional profiles showed significant correlation with hepatic lipid accumulation and glucose disorders. In conclusion, ABX aggravated the effect of TAC on the microbiome and its metabolic capacities, which might contribute to hepatic lipid accumulation and glucose disorders. These findings suggest that the ABX-altered microbiome can amplify the diabetogenic effect of TAC and could be a novel therapeutic target for patients.