Adherence to adjuvant with therapy imatinib in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a national multi-center cross-sectional study / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the current adherence to imatinib in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in China and its influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Study period: from October 1, 2020 to November 31, 2020. Study subjects: GIST patients taking imatinib who were diagnosed and treated in public tertiary level A general hospitals or oncology hospitals; those who had not been pathologically diagnosed, those who never received imatinib, or those who had taken imatinib in the past but stopped afterwards were excluded. The Questionnaire Star online surgery platform was used to design a questionnaire about the adherence to adjuvant imatinib therapy of Chinese GIST patients. The link of questionnaire was sent through WeChat. The questionnaire contained basic information of patients, medication status and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Results: A total of 2162 questionnaires from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities were collected, of which 2005 were valid questionnaires, with an effective rate of 92.7%. The survey subjects included 1104 males and 901 females, with a median age of 56 (22-91) years old. Working status: 609 cases (30.4%) in the work unit, 729 cases (36.4%) of retirement, 667 cases of flexible employment or unemployment (33.3%). Education level: 477 cases (23.8%) with bachelor degree or above, 658 cases (32.8%) of high school, 782 cases (39.0%) of elementary or junior high school, 88 cases (4.4%) without education. Marital status: 1789 cases (89.2%) were married, 179 cases (8.9%) divorced or widowed, 37 cases (1.8%) unmarried. Two hundred and ninety-four patients (14.7%) had metastasis when they were first diagnosed, including 203 liver metastases, 52 peritoneal metastases, and 39 other metastases. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine patients underwent surgical treatment, of whom 1642 (81.9%) achieved complete resection. The median time of taking imatinib was 25 (1-200) months. Common adverse reactions of imatinib included 1701 cases (84.8%) of periorbital edema, 1031 cases (51.4%) of leukopenia, 948 cases (47.3%) of fatigue, 781 cases (39.0%) of nausea and vomiting, 709 cases (35.4%) of rash, and 670 cases (33.4%) of lower extremity edema. The score of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale showed that 392 cases (19.6%) had poor adherence, 1023 cases (51.0%) had moderate adherence, and 590 cases (29.4%) had good adherence. Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, work status, economic income, residence, education level, marriage, the duration of taking medication and adverse reactions were associated with adherence to adjuvant imatinib therapy (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that female (OR=1.264, P=0.009), non-retirement (OR=1.454, P=0.001), monthly income ≤4000 yuan (OR=1.280, P=0.036), township residents (OR=1.332, P=0.005), unmarried or divorced or widowed (OR=1.362, P=0.026), the duration of imatinib medication >36 months (OR=1.478, P<0.001) and adverse reactions (OR=1.719, P=0.048) were independent risk factors for poor adherence to adjuvant imatinib. Among patients undergoing complete resection, 324 (19.7%) had poor adherence, 836 (50.9%) had moderate adherence, and 482 (29.4%) had good adherence. Meanwhile, 55 patients with good adherence (11.4%) developed recurrence after surgery, 121 patients with moderate adherence (14.5%) developed recurrence, 61 patients with poor adherence (18.8%) developed recurrence, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.017). Conclusions: The adherence to adjuvant therapy with imatinib in Chinese GIST patients is relatively poor. Females, non-retirement, monthly income ≤4000 yuan, township residents, unmarried or divorced or widowed, the duration of imatinib medication >36 months, and adverse reactions are independently associated with poor adherence of GIST patients. Those with poor adherence have a higher risk of recurrence after surgery. Positive interventions based on the above risk factors are advocated to improve the prognosis of patients with GIST.

Analysis of clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal cancer in Heilongjiang province, China 1998 to 2007 / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide basic information for epidemiological research of gastrointestinal (GI) malignant tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of GI cancer diagnosed in 15 hospitals of Heilongjiang province between January 1998 and December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. The data mainly involved the age of onset, initial symptoms, pathological types, clinical staging and types of surgical procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gastric cancer was the most common type (45.8%) among the 33,540 GI cancer cases, then were rectal cancer (27.3%) and colon cancer (26.8%). Right colon cancer cases were more common than the left ones (1.3:1.0), particularly in people over 80 (2.1:1.0). Only 1.3% of colorectal cancer could be found in age under 30 years old. In patients aged 50 to 70, advanced gastric cancer accounted for 70.6%, advanced colon cancer 73.4% and advanced rectal cancer 72.4%. Well-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in early gastric cancer was 49.7%, early colon cancer 77.3% and rectal cancer 83.2%. Patients undergone radical excision in early gastric cancer accounted for 69.1%, advanced gastric cancer 79.9%, left colon cancer 91.9%, right colon cancer 83.9% and in rectal cancer for 88.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>People aged 50 to 70 tend to get GI cancer in Heilongjiang province. Gastric cancer is the most common GI cancer. Radical excision is the main choice of therapy.</p>

L-arginine pretreatment lowers cerebral metabolism for cerebral protection during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of L-arginine pretreatment on cerebral metabolism for cerebral protection during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen healthy adult canines of either sex weighing 14.7-/+2.4 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5), namely the normal saline group, L-arginine pretreatment group (pretreated with 100 mg/kg L-arginine 60 min before DHCA), and L-arginine combined with 7- nitroindazole treatment group (pretreated with 100 mg/kg L-arginine and 25 mg/kg7-Ni 60 min before DHCA). For all the canines, extracorporeal circulation was established routinely to allow nasopharyngeal temperature reduction to 18 degrees celsius;, at which point DHCA commenced followed 90 min later by reperfusion. At 30 min before DHCA and 0, 45 and 90 min after DHCA as well as at 60 min after reperfusion initiation, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and arterial to measure the plasma lactic acid, and the cerebral cortex of the parietal lobe was sampled determine the activity of Na(+)-K(+)ATPase. The cerebral water content was also determined after execution of the canines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the two pretreatment groups, the level of lactic acid production (shown by the difference in lactic acid levels between the jugular venous and arterial blood) and the cerebral ATP consumption were similar (P>0.05), but both were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The cerebral water content was the lowest in the combined treatment group, followed by exclusive L-arginine group, and the highest in the control group (P<0.05), with significant difference between the 3 groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>L-arginine pretreatment can lower cerebral metabolism during DHCA to offer protective effect on the brain.</p>

Influence of L-arginine on cerebral oxygen metabolism during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in dogs / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of L-arginine (L-arg) on cerebral oxygen metabolism and ultrastructure during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in experimental dogs. Methods Fifteen healthy adult mongrel dogs with both sexes, weighing (14.7±2.4)kg, were randomly divided into three groups (n=5): sham treated group, L-arg pretreated group (100mg/kg L-arg was given 60min before circulation arrest), L-arg and 7-Ni combined treated group (100mg/kg L-arg and 25mg/kg 7-Ni were given 60min before circulation arrest). Extracorporeal circulatory was established routinely, and DHCA commenced when the nasopharyngeal temperature was reduced to 18℃, then reperfusion began after 90min of DHCA. SjvO2, NO in plasma were measured 30min before DHCA and 0,45,90min after DHCA commencement and 60min after rewarming. The ultrastructural changes of cortex and hippocampal gyrus were also been observed with transmission electron microscope after the dogs were executed. Results Compared with sham-treated group, L-arg pretreatment combined with 7-Ni or not increased NO content in plasma, SjvO2 during DHCA, improved cerebral oxygen metabolism and reduced brain ultrastructural injury. There was a positive correlation between NO conten in plasma before arrest and SjvO2 after arrest (r=0.679,P=0.005). Conclusion L-arg pretreatment has cerebral protective effects and can improve cerebral oxygen metabolism during DHCA.

Impact of trichostatin A on gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of trichostatin A(TSA) on SGC- 7901 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cytotoxicity and cell viability of gastric cancer cell line SGC- 7901 were assayed by MTT method. Morphologic assessment of apoptosis was performed with fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. Histone H3 acetylation was detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TSA showed apparently cytotoxicity in SGC- 7901 cells. The growth curve showed the growth ratio decreased with the increase of TSA concentration. Apoptosis rate were significantly different between TSA treated group(75 ng/ml for 72 h)and control group (P < 0.05). Morphologic changes of apoptosis including nuclear chromatin condensation and fluorescence strength were observed with fluorescence microscope.TSA treatment (75 ng/ml for 72 h) sensitively induced apoptosis in the cell,which was demonstrated by the migration of many cells to the sub- G1 phase,the reduction of G1- phase cells and the increment of apoptosis rate (29.54%) in flow cytometric analysis. The expression of acetylated histone H3 was increased in TSA group(75 ng/ml) for 48 h compared with control group by Western blot.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TSA can induce SGC- 7901 cell apoptosis. The expression of acetylated histone H3 may contribute to the apoptosis.</p>

Experimental study of cerebral protection by retrograde vs selective antegrade cerebral perfusion during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect of cerebral protection between retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in canine models.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen healthy adult dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5), namely the simple DHCA group (group I), DHCA+RCP group (group II) and DHCA+SACP group (group III). Extrocorporeal circulatory was established routinely in the dogs, and DHCA commenced when the nasopharyngeal temperature was reduced to 18 degrees C. During DHCA, RCP and SACP were applied in groups II and III, respectively. All the models were rewarmed after 90 min of DHCA and the cerebral reperfusion continued for 90 min. Cerebral oxygenous metabolic function, cerebral temperature and ultrastructural changes of the neurons were observed in the 3 groups at different time points during the operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO(2)) increased with the temperature reduction, and then decreased after DHCA commencement, showing significant changes at different time points in groups I and II. SjvO(2) in group III were significantly higher than that in the other two groups after 90 min of DHCA (P=0.000). Brain temperature significantly increased in group I during DHCA as compared with that in groups II and III (P=0.000), but showed no significant difference between the latter two groups (P=0.195). The ultrastructure of the neurons underwent obvious changes after reperfusion for 30 min in group I. In group II the neuronal ultrastructure was basically normal at 60 min during DHCA and changed slightly at 90 min, but in group III no obvious changes were seen at 90 min during DHCA and only slight changes occurred at 30 min of reperfusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RCP can not supply enough oxygen but can maintain low cerebral temperature, and provide short-term brain protection. DHCA+SACP provides better brain protection than simple DHCA and DHCA+RCP, and has a promising prospect in cardiac surgery.</p>

Efficacy and safety of adjuvant post-surgical therapy with imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients with high risk of recurrence: interim analysis from a multicenter prospective clinical trial / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) patients who had high risk of recurrence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective, open-label, multi-center trial conducted in sixteen teaching hospitals in China was carried out. The criteria of the enrolled patients included age more than 18 years old, CD117 positive GIST, tumor size more than 5 cm, pathological mitosis counts more than 5/50 HPF, and treatment beginning within 4 weeks after complete resection and with imatinib (400 mg, once a day) for at least 12 months. The 1, 3 year recurrence rates, disease free survival, overall survival rate and quality of life were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From Aug. 16th 2004 to Sep. 13th 2005, there were totally 74 patients screened and 57 patients (34 men, 23 women) enrolled in the imatinib treatment group. The primary tumors were located in the stomach in 50.9%, the small intestine in 38.6% and the colorectum in 10.5% of the cases. All the patients received radical resection. Until the cut-off date of interim analysis, there was no evidence of tumor relapse or metastasis in all patients and no death was reported either. Among the 57 enrolled patients with intention to treat(ITT), twelve patients finished the protocol (per protocol, PP). The disease free survival was (268.3 +/-120.2) d in ITT analysis, and (396.7+/-38.2) d in the PP analysis. The incidence of adverse effect was 44.4% . The score in quality of life showed no statistically significant difference between the baseline visit and the follow-up visits.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Imatinib is a promising postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in GISTs patients with high risk of recurrence, and the adverse effects are receivable.</p>

Anatomic study of small intestinal vessel in piglet small intestine transplantation / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anatomy of the small intestine,and investigate the optimal selection of donors,recipients,and their small intestine vessels in piglet small intestine transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The weight and length of 30 piglets were measured. Angiography and pigments perfusion were used to observe the main vessels of the small intestine,and the length of the small intestine,and the external diameter of the main vessels of the small intestine were measured in vivo and ex vivo.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The length of the small intestine was 11.5 times as long as the body length, and its weight accounted for 2.3% of the body weight. The outer diameters of abdominal aorta (AT), mesenteric anterior artery (MAA) and its 5(th)-6(th) branches in vivo and ex vitro were 4.3/4.6mm, 2.5/2.7mm and 1.9/2.2mm respectively. The total number of MAA's branches was 6-8 in general and its 5(th)-6(th) branches were the longest [(20.0 +/- 7.0) mm, (22.0 +/- 8.2) mm]. The outer diameter of mesenterial anterior vein (MAV) was 1-2 mm wider than that of MAA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AT, MAA and its 5(th)-6(th) branches are the preferable vessels for small intestine transplantation. In segmental small intestine transplantation, the length of the small intestine and body weight can be used to primarily select the suitable animals.</p>

Accelerated fatigue test in vitro of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene artificial heart valve / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the durability of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene artificial heart valve (ePTFE AHV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six ePTFE AHVs were tested for 400 million times against accelerated fatigue using TH-2200 artificial heart valve exosomatic accelerated fatigue instrument. Hydromechanical parameters of fore-and-aft accelerated fatigue test of the 6 AHVs were obtained by TH-1200 artificial heart valve exosomatic pulsatile stream instrument.</p><p><b>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</b>The mean gradient pressure spanning the valve and the effective orific area of ePTFE AHVs did not undergo significant changes after fore-and-aft the fatigue test, but the regurgitation volume and regurgitation rate of ePTFE AHVs were reduced after the accelerated fatigue test, suggesting good durability of ePTFE AHV.</p>

Study on the extraction of the active component in Atractylode macrocephala with ultrasonic wave technology optimized by the response surface method / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To create Atractylode macrocephala inspissation decoction pieces. The effect of ultrasonic wave on extraction of the active components in A. macrocephala was studied in a water solution.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The factors including the ratio of material to liquid, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, soaking time, particle size etc, were studied. The best extraction method was found through the response surface method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The best extraction method was found as follows: the granularity of material 0.1 mm, the repetition times of ultrasonic process 3 times, the soaking time before the ultrasonic process 30 min, the ratio of liquid to material 10:1, the soaking time after the ultrasonic process 2.6 h, the time of the ultrasonic wave 15.5 min, the power of the ultrasonic wave 531 W, the rate of reservation of active components 88.5%, the rate of inspissation 1.6.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ultrasonic wave can used in the extraction of the active components in A. macrocephala and a model equation that can be used to predict the experiment was get through the response surface method.</p>

Development study on model WY multi-functional thoracic cavity closed drainage system / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on the improved design of the existing thoracic cavity closed drainage system, a new multi-functional device is developed and is described here in detail. The device is more convenient and more efficient than the existing system. Besides, it has a function of autotransfusion. Animal experimental results show that it has attained the goal of the improved design.