Effect of emodin on gut microbiota of rats with acute kidney failure / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of emodin on gut microbiota in acute kidney injury rats( AKI). Rats were randomly divided into several groups: normal group,model group,low-dose of emodin group( 10 mg·kg~(-1)),medium-dose of emodin group( 25 mg·kg~(-1)),high-dose of emodin group( 50 mg·kg~(-1)) and control group( 5 mg·kg~(-1) of benazepril hydrochloride).The AKI model rats were established by intraperitoneal injection of small dose of gentamicin sulfate for 7 days. Two hours after intraperitoneal injection,except for the normal group and the model group,the other groups were given corresponding doses of drugs for 15 days. The serum levels of serum creatinine( SCr),urea nitrogen( BUN),plasma endotoxin level,24 h urinary protein and D-lactate in the plasma were determined by sarcosine oxidase,urease method,tal reagent method,bromo cresol chloroform method and double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay,respectively. Gut microbial communities were assayed by fluorescent quantitative PCR methods. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of the kidneys. Compared with the normal group,there were significant differences in body weight,urinary protein( UTP),bacterial endotoxin,urea nitrogen,creatinine,D-lactate in the plasma and four bacterial contents in the model group( P<0. 05). The urinary protein,urea nitrogen,D-lactate,creatinine and plasma bacterial endotoxin in control group and each emodin group were lower than those in model group,especially for high-dose of emodin( P<0. 01). Moreover,pathology resolution in high-dose emodin was better than other groups. Except for low-dose of emodin group,qRT-PCR data suggested that the amounts of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in medication administration group were increased,while the amounts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium were reduced compared with model group( P<0. 05),especially for high-dose of emodin( P<0. 01). There is a clear imbalance of gut microbiota in rats with AKI. Emodin could regulate the imbalance of gut microbiota,which might be one of the mechanisms of its effects on AKI rats.

Study on the application of colloidal palladium in the determination of lead,cadmium and manganese in blood by atomic absorption spectrometry / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To study the application of colloidal palladium as a matrix modifier in the determination of lead,cadmium and manganese in whole blood by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry( GFAAS). METHODS: The whole blood samples were diluted 10 times by blood diluents,and then the colloidal palladium was applied as a chemical modifier to improve the ashing and atomizing temperature. The levels of lead,cadmium and manganese in whole blood were determined by GFAAS. The effects of palladium chloride as a conventional matrix modifier were compared. RESULTS: The optimal quantity of colloidal palladium as a matrix modifier was 5. 00 μL. It can raise the ashing temperatures of lead,cadmium and manganese to 900,800 and 1 400 ℃,respectively; and raised their atomizing temperatures to 1 900,1 800,and 2 000 ℃,respectively. Compared to the palladium chloride,the colloidal palladium can provide wider ashing temperature and atomizing temperature of the above 3 elements. The good linearity ranges of lead,cadmium and manganese were 0. 12-100. 00,0. 05-4. 00 and 0. 02-10. 00 μg / L,respectively. All the correlation coefficients were greater than0. 999. The minimum detectable concentrations were 1. 20,0. 50 and 0. 20 μg / L,respectively( samples were diluted 10times). The recovery rates were 99. 2%-104. 0%,102. 8%-105. 5% and 98. 3%-103. 2%,respectively. The relative standard deviations( RSDs) of within-run precision were 1. 2%-2. 6%,2. 7%-5. 3% and 2. 3%-2. 8%,respectively,and the RSDs of between-run precision were 1. 6%-3. 9%,4. 0%-6. 1% and 3. 2%-4. 4%,respectively. CONCLUSION: Colloidal palladium was an excellent matrix modifier in determining the levels of lead,cadmium and manganese in whole blood. It has low background interference and can improve the accuracy and precision of detection.