Clinical analysis of 57 children with epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), and identify the influencing factors for postoperative seizure controls.Methods:Fifty-seven patients with epilepsy caused by FCD admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2019 to November 2023 were chosen; standard preoperative evaluation, surgery, postoperative management and follow-up were performed. A retrospective study of clinical data, imaging and video electroencephalogram (VEEG) data, surgical approaches, pathological findings, and follow-up data was performed; influencing factors for postoperative seizure controls were analyzed.Results:In these 57 patients with epilepsy caused by FCD, 29 were males (50.88%) and 28 were females (49.12%). Onset age was 30.00 (8.00, 74.50) months, and surgery age was 95.00 (50.00, 138.50) months. Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (42/57; 73.68%) and epileptic spasms (13/57; 22.81%) were common seizure types. Cranial MRI was positive in 34 patients (59.65%), mainly manifested as abnormal cortical gyri/sulci morphology (17/57; 29.82%). In 43 patients accepted PET-CT, hypometabolic sites were detected in 40 (93.02%), and complete agreement between PET/MRI fusion results and actual lesion sites was noted in 40 (93.02%). FCD type I was noted in 16 patients (28.07%), type II in 39 (68.42%), and type III in 2 (3.51%). By December 2023, 44 (77.19%) had Engel grading I, 4 (7.02%) had grading II, 4 (7.02%) had grading III, and 5 (8.77%) had grading IV. Children with good prognosis (Engel grading I+II) and those with poor prognosis (Engel grading III+IV) showed significant differences in terms of time from first seizure to surgery, positive/negative MRI, and regularity of postoperative ASMs ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is the most common seizure type in patients with epilepsy caused by FCD, and abnormal cortical gyri/sulci morphology is the most common MRI manifestation; PET/MRI fusion imaging is superior to PET-CT or MRI in identifying epileptogenic foci. Poor seizure control can be noted in patients with long onset time to surgery, with negative cranial MRI results, or with irregular postoperative ASMs.

Clinical features of patients with epilepsy in Neurosurgery Outpatient and influencing factors for their seizure control / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of patients with epilepsy in Neurosurgery Outpatient and influencing factors for their seizure control.Methods:Six hundred and seventy-three epilepsy patients admitted to Neurosurgery Outpatient of 6 hospitals including Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2017 to December 2022 were chosen. Clinical data (including general demographic data, education level, onset age, onset cycle and duration, course of onset, family annual income and seizure control) were collected using a questionnaire prepared by He'nan Epilepsy Systematic Diagnosis and Treatment Center to summarize the clinical features. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regressions were used to analyze the influencing factors for their seizure control.Results:(1) In these 673 epilepsy patients, 50 (7.4%), 78 (11.6%), 192 (28.5%), 100 (14.9%), 68 (10.1%), 72 (10.7%) and 113 (16.8%), respectively, were <1 year old (infant stage), 1-2 years old (children stage), 3-5 years old (preschool stage), 6-16 years old (juvenile stage), 17-39 years old (young stage), 40-64 years old (middle-aged stage) and ≥65 years old (elderly stage). In the past medical treatment history, 23.0% (155/673) patients did not receive intervention, 72.4% (487/673) received medication, and 4.6% (31/673) received surgical treatment; 55.9% (376/673) had good seizure control and 44.1% (297/673) had poor seizure control. (2) Secondary education ( OR=2.199, 95% CI: 1.037-15.221, P=0.033), primary education or below ( OR=3.544, 95% CI: 2.101-21.343, P=0.012), daily seizures ( OR=4.788, 95% CI: 1.369-33.103, P=0.011), each seizure lasted ≥3 min ( OR=4.179, 95% CI: 3.338-18.550, P=0.003), course of disease≥3 years ( OR=0.199, 95% CI: 0.077-0.602, P=0.001), course of disease for 1-3 years ( OR=0.379, 95% CI: 0.108-0.882, P=0.031), and currently taken antiepileptic drugs for 3 or more ( OR=6.237, 95% CI: 2.195-17.837, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for poor seizure control in epilepsy patients. Conclusion:In Neurosurgery Outpatient, children with diseases before childhood enjoy the largest proportion; drug therapy remains the main treatment; low education level, short seizure cycle, long duration of attack, long course of disease, and multiple drugs used in these patients imply poor anti-epileptic effecacy.

Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus disease 2019 (version 2023) / 中华创伤杂志

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

Relation between extended resection and prognosis of primary glioblastoma / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To explore the relation between extended resection and prognosis of primary glioblastoma.Methods:A prospective study was performed. The subjects were from the colony of patients with primary glioblastoma who underwent surgical resection in our hospital from January 2014 from January 2017. Tumor volume and tumor residual volume showed by MR imaging T1 enhanced sequences (Group A and Group B), and tumor volume and tumor residual volume showed by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences (Group A1 and Group A2) were obtained within one week before surgery and 24 h after surgery, respectively; and the degrees of tumor resection were calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine factors influencing overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curves of these patients. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival rates of patients from Group A and Group B, and patients from Group A1 and Group A2.Results:A total of 128 patients were included; 71(55.5%) were into Group A, and 17 (13.3%) were into Group A1. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) scores, promoter methylation status of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), tumor residual volume by T1 enhanced sequences, tumor residual volume by FLAIR sequences, and tumor resection degree by FLAIR sequences were independent influencing factors for OS ( P<0.05). Survival rate of patients from Group A was significantly higher than that in Group B( P<0.05); and survival rate of patients from Group A1 was significantly higher than that in Group A2 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Residual of primary glioblastoma showed by FLAIR sequences is an important factor affecting the prognoses, and extended resection is necessary.

miR-124 increases the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma cells through targeting STAT3 / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-124 in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines LN229 and LN229R,as well as the regulatory mechanism of miR-124 on radiosensitivity of LN229R cells.Methods miR-124 mimic (miR-124) and negative control (miR-NC),STAT3 overexpression plasmid (STAT3) and pcDNA3.1 vector (pcDNA) were transfected or co-transfected into radioresistant glioma cells LN229R.qRT-PCR was employed to analyze the expression of miR-124 in LN229 and LN229R cells.The survival rate and sensitivity-related parameters of LN229R cells at different doses were analyzed by cloning formation assay.Cell apoptosis of LN229R was evaluated by flow cytometry.Targeting gene of miR-124 was predicted using Targetscan software and verified by the double-luciferase reporter assay.Western blot assay was performed to detect STAT3 protein expression.Results The expression of miR-124 in LN229R cells (0.32 ± 0.03) was significantly lower than that in LN229 cells (1.02 ± 0.09) (t =12.780,P＜0.05).Transfection of miR-124 mimics promoted the expression of miR-124 in LN229R cells (4.02±0.39) compared with miR-NC group (0.95±0.06) (t=13.476,P＜0.05).After 8 Gy irradiation,the survival rate of LN229R cells transfected with miR-124 mimics (0.003 ± 0.000 4) was significantly lower than that in miR-NC group (0.033±0.005 0) (t=5.655,P＜0.05),and the apoptosis rate (22.34±2.42) ％ was significantly higher than that in miR-NC group (4.69 ± 0.51) ％ (t =12.361,P＜0.05).STAT3 was identified to be a target gene of miR-124.Exogenous restoration of STAT3 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-124 on LN229R cell survival.Conclusion miR-124 increases the radiosensitivity of LN229R cells by targeting STAT3.

Evolution of filiform needle insertion methods in multi-edition of / 中国针灸

This paper reviewed the filiform needle insertionmethods in multi-edition of , explored its evolution and reasons, and analyzed its development trend. By referring multi-edition of and related literature regarding acupuncture manipulation published after 1940s, combined with acupuncture manipulation characteristics of modern and contemporary acupuncture masters, it was found that the definition of needle insertion methods needed to be improved after several changes. The classification of needle insertion methods was stable over development. The thrusting method of needle insertion was previously included, and then disappeared. The description of needle insertion methods was improving. These evolutions were mainly influenced by the academic and clinical background, the academic thought of writers and acupuncture masters, the internationalization and standardization of acupuncture and so on. The twist-inserting method and some other needle-inserting instrument meet the safe, sterile, painless and convenient development trend, which might be included in in the future.

Stereotactic hematoma aspiration for supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage:comparison with conservative treatment / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To compare the effectiveness of stereotactic hematoma aspiration and conservative treatment for supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) with hematoma volume 25-40 ml. Methods Patients with supratentorial HICH admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to January 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. The incidence of rebleeding, good outcome (defined as the modified Rankin Scale score 0-2 at 3 months after onset) rate, and mortality were compared between the stereotactic hematoma aspiration group and the conservative treatment group. Results A total of 204 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 61. 3 ±9. 2 years, 114 were males, and their median hematoma volume was 32 ml (interquartile range 25- 39 ml), median baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score was 11 (interquartile range 9-14), and there was no patient with brain herniation. One hundred and twenty patients (58. 8％) underwent stereotactic hematoma aspiration and 84 (41. 2％) received conservative treatment. Compared with the conservative treatment group, the incidence of rebleeding in the stereotactic hematoma aspiration group was significantly lower (2. 5％ vs. 22. 6％, χ2 =20. 788, P < 0. 001), and the rate of good outcome was significantly higher at 3 months after onset (85. 0％ vs. 70. 2％; χ2 = 8. 305, P = 0. 004 ), but there was no significant difference in mortality (5. 0％ vs. 11. 9％, χ2 =3. 259, P =0. 071). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (odds ratio [OR] 1. 77, 95％ confidence interval [CI] 1. 25-2. 46; P = 0. 006), previous stroke history (OR 1. 36, 95％ CI 1. 12-1. 64; P =0. 032), and conservative treatment (OR 1. 42, 95％ CI 1. 25-1. 78; P = 0. 021) were the independent risk factors for poor outcomes. Conclusions Stereotactic hematoma aspiration can significantly reduce the incidences of rebleeding and risk of the poor outcome in the supratentorial HICH patients with hematoma volume 25-40 ml. Therefore, early active surgical treatment should be considered.

Strategies of complex condition in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the efficacy of difficult decompression and its influence factors in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data and follow-up results of 458 patients who underwent microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm in our hospital from October 2012 to December 2015 was performed.Aecording to whether there was narrow posterior fossa,compression of vertebral artery with perforating branch of brain stem or long vertebral artery,or vessel passing through cranial nerves,all patients were divided into difficult and general decompression groups (n=50,n=408);the effective rate,delayed remission rate and their influencing factors were compared between the two groups.Results All patients were followed up for one to 3 years,averaging 1.6±0.6 years.Among them,46 patients from difficult decompression group were effective (effective rate=92％ [46/50]);and 390 patients from general decompression group were effective (effective rate=95.6％ [390/408]);no statistical difference was noted between the two groups (x2=0.592,P=0.442).But there was statistical difference in delayed remission rate between the two groups (47.8％ vs.25.1％,x2=10.627,P=0.001).Logistic regression analysis was performed among gender,age,course of disease,offending vessels,location,indentation of facial nerve,complex condition of microvacular decompression,efficacy rate and delayed relief rate,and it showed that indentation of facial nerve was related to delayed relief(OR=7.681,P=0.004,95％CI:10.235-31.223).Conclusion The hemifacial spasm patients with difficult decompression are able to achieve as good effect as general decompression if measures are used properly,but the delayed relief rate might be high.

Postoperative epileptic recurrence in patients with glioma-related epilepsy: Clinical characteristics and risk factors / 医学研究生学报

Objective Few studies are reported on the clinical characteristics of glioma-related epilepsy (GRE).Postoperative recurrence of epilepsy in some patients seriously affects their recovery.We aimed to explore the duration, frequency and type of the epileptic seizure as well as possible factors for postoperative recurrence of epilepsy.Methods We recorded the frequency and duration of epileptic seizures, analyzed the recurrence-related factors using the Cox regression model, and investigated the risk factors of recurrent epilepsy.Results The postoperative recurrence of epilepsy was found in 24 (26.97%) of the 89 cases, which, compared with the 65 non-recurrence cases, had a significantly longer seizure duration (7[3-10] vs 5[2-9] min, P2 cm) (HR=2.867, 95% CI: 1.210-6.795), brain wave type (HR=2.501, 95% CI: 1.058-5.914), and preoperative frequency of epileptic seizure (>6 times/mo) (HR=5.100, 95% CI: 2.437-10.677).Conclusion Postoperative recurrence of epilepsy is associated with the clinical pathological parameters, and the changes of the frequency and duration of epileptic seizures before and after surgery may provide some new theoretical reference for the treatment and prognosis of the disease.

Influence of down-regulation of RAGE receptor on HMGB1 expression and the volume of transplanted tumor / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the down-regulation of advanced receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)on expression of high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)in glioma cells line and the volume change of transplanted tumor in nude mice. Methods HMGB1 expression in glioma LN229 cells line (divided into a control group and a study group) was observed by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot. The control group received normal saline,whereas the study group received RAGE receptor blocking agent FPS-ZM1. Expression of HMGB1 protein was detected by the same methods. The difference of the expression was examined by independent sample t test. 30 Nu/Nu nude mice were randomly divided into two groups;the above two kinds cell lines were injected into the same area of the left back of nude mice. Six weeks after injection ,the volume size was measured six times ,and the variance of repeated measurement data was used to analyze the difference of the volume change. Results HMGB1 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus. As compared with the control group,HMGB1 protein expression levels were decreased in the study group(P < 0.05),the growth rate of transplanted tumor in nude mice was significantly faster in the control group than in the study group ,the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusions The growth and invasion of HMGB1 protein may be involved in glioma by RAGE receptor. RAGE receptor blocker FPS-ZM1 can significantly reduce the expression of HMGB1 protein and inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor volume. It is expected to be used for the research on glioma cell apoptosis.

Analysis of postoperative efficacy and the influencing factors of the recurrence of epilepsy in Glioma-related Epilepsy / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To explore the postoperative recovery of the patients with glioma-related epilepsy and the possible risk factors for recurrence of epilepsy.Methods To collect clinical data of 89 patients with glioma-related epilepsy,we recorded Engle grade score of all patients underwent resection of tumor and seizure focus in a week,1,3 and 6 month after surgery Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analysis the difference within group.Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to analysis seizure recurrence risk curve and the epileptic recurrence related factors,respectively.Results The postoperative recurrence rate was 26.97％ (24/89).Engle grade scores were 2.966±0.081.2.202±0.080,1.730±0.093 and 1.313±0.042 in a week,1,3 and 6 month after surgery.The difference was statistically significant (Ftime=96.076,P=0.000).Cox regression model showed that tumor accumulation site (RR =2.908,CI:1.083 ～7.806),postoperative edema formation (RR =4.769,CI:1.737 ～ 13.096),tumor relapse (RR=8.309,CI:3.379～20.432)were the important risk factors for recurrence epileptic seizures (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Surgical treatment can significantly reduce or even eliminate seizures postoperative and its long term efficacy is superior to short term efficacy.Appropriate measures should be taken to treat risk factors associated with recurrence epileptiform seizure to improve the prognosis of patients quality of life.

Clinical manifestations and treatment of pediatric pituitary adenoma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations and treatment of pediatric pituitary adenoma.Methods Between January 2001 to January 2015,24 pediatric patients diagnosed with pituitary.adenoma were treated in People's Hospital of Henan Province.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed,including age,gender,clinical manifestation,therapy and prognosis.Endocrinological levels including all pituitrin and magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed by the follow-up survey.Results The median age was 16.2 years old,ranged from 6.0 to 17.8 years old.Common clinical manifestations were comprised of endocrine-related symptoms (18 cases) and visual deficit (8 cases),and so on.The ratio of male to female was 1.∶ 3.There were 12 cases of prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenoma (50.0％),4 cases of adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting adenoma (16.7％),3 cases of growth hormone-secreting adenoma (12.5％),3 cases of plurihorminal adenomas (12.5％),and 2 cases of non-functioningadenomas (8.4％).The ratio of micro-adenoma versus macro-adenoma was 15.∶ 9,and there was no invasive macro-adenoma.Transsphenoidal surgery was applied in 14 cases (58.3 ％) with respect to 2 cases (8.3 ％) in transorbital keyhole approach,5 cases (20.8％) through pterional approach,and still 1 case (4.2％) through transsubfrontal approach.Two cases(8.3％) were cured with medications.Eighteen cases were totally resected,while 4 cases were subtotal resected.Six of 18 gross total resection patients recurred within 2 years,while tumors of subtotal resection grew differently.Hypotrophy in patients who received Gamma knife therapy (4/7 cases) was statistically different than that in the patients who did not (7/17 cases) (P =0.002).Conclusion Pediatric pituitary adenomas are usually common in female with endocrine related symptoms,and PRL-secreting adenoma is the most common subtype,and recurrence rate was higher.Individualized therapy is needed for the invalid cases.But any radiotherapy including Gamma knife therapy might induce hypotrophy,which requires special attention.

Clinical manifestations and treatment of pediatric pituitary adenoma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations and treatment of pediatric pituitary adenoma.Methods Between January 2001 to January 2015,24 pediatric patients diagnosed with pituitary.adenoma were treated in People's Hospital of Henan Province.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed,including age,gender,clinical manifestation,therapy and prognosis.Endocrinological levels including all pituitrin and magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed by the follow-up survey.Results The median age was 16.2 years old,ranged from 6.0 to 17.8 years old.Common clinical manifestations were comprised of endocrine-related symptoms (18 cases) and visual deficit (8 cases),and so on.The ratio of male to female was 1.∶ 3.There were 12 cases of prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenoma (50.0％),4 cases of adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting adenoma (16.7％),3 cases of growth hormone-secreting adenoma (12.5％),3 cases of plurihorminal adenomas (12.5％),and 2 cases of non-functioningadenomas (8.4％).The ratio of micro-adenoma versus macro-adenoma was 15.∶ 9,and there was no invasive macro-adenoma.Transsphenoidal surgery was applied in 14 cases (58.3 ％) with respect to 2 cases (8.3 ％) in transorbital keyhole approach,5 cases (20.8％) through pterional approach,and still 1 case (4.2％) through transsubfrontal approach.Two cases(8.3％) were cured with medications.Eighteen cases were totally resected,while 4 cases were subtotal resected.Six of 18 gross total resection patients recurred within 2 years,while tumors of subtotal resection grew differently.Hypotrophy in patients who received Gamma knife therapy (4/7 cases) was statistically different than that in the patients who did not (7/17 cases) (P =0.002).Conclusion Pediatric pituitary adenomas are usually common in female with endocrine related symptoms,and PRL-secreting adenoma is the most common subtype,and recurrence rate was higher.Individualized therapy is needed for the invalid cases.But any radiotherapy including Gamma knife therapy might induce hypotrophy,which requires special attention.

Influencing factors of seizures in glioma patients and its relationship with recurrent epilepsy / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of epilepsy in patients with glioma,and to explore the relationship between the epileptic factors and the recurrence of epilepsy after surgery.Methods From January 2012 to December 2015,clinical data of 95 glioma patients in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed,which were divided into two groups,including 54 cases with epilepsy and 41 cases without epilepsy,all patients were underwent tumor resection,to search and resect epilepsy lesions in patients with epilepsy,Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to record seizure recurrence after operation,sort and analyze the clinical data of patients,to investigate the influencing factors of epileptic seizures,and the relationship between the factors associated with epileptic seizures and postoperative recurrence of epilepsy.The epileptogenic factors were analyzed using x2 test and multifactor Logistic regression model,epileptogenic factors and recurrent epilepsy after operation were analyzed usingx2 test.Results Logistic regression model showed that peritumoral edema ＞ 2 cm(OR =6.905,95％ CI:2.787-17.106),low tumor pathological grade (0R =5.032,95％ CI:1.696-14.931) were independent risk factors for epileptic seizures;Follow-up situations:16 cases (13 cases of epilepsy group,3 cases of no epilepsy group) showed epileptic seizure in different time after the operation,preoperative epilepsy history,peritumoral edema were related to the recurrence of epileptic seizures in epilepsy group and the patients without epilepsy (x2 =2.940,3.049,all P ＜ 0.05),the pathological grade was related to the recurrence of epileptic seizures in epilepsy group (x2=4.774,P ＜ 0.05),however,it was not associated with the patients without epilepsy (x2 =0.060,P ＞ 0.05),and there was a correlation between the preoperative history of epilepsy and the postoperative recurrent seizures (x2 =4.672,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Peritumoral edema ＞ 2 cm and low tumor pathological grade are the factors that lead to epileptic seizures and postoperation epilepsy recurrence in glioma patients.It's expected to take some positive treatment to reduce epileptic seizures,we should pay special attention to glioma patients with epilepsy.

Establishing a rabbit model of knee paralysis by the knee fixation with plaster casts and wire / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Currently, the researches on knee plaster immobilization paralysis animal models are popular in the world, but there are some insufficiencies with the knee paralysis animals, for example, poor animal selection, inappropriate plaster selection and pure gypsum instability, which affect the subsequent results. OBJECTIVE: To establish a rabbit model of knee paralysis by the knee fixation with plaster casts and wire. METHODS: A total of 20 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Models of right knee paralysis were established and fixed by plaster casts and wire. Normal controls were considered as the control group. At 8 weeks after fixation, right knee and pathologic histology were observed in the right knee. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The knee joints were translucent, smooth, and shiny, without the cartilage defect in the control group, and the cartilaginous elasticity and rigidity were good, and the arrangement of chondrocytes was normal. There were no inflammatory infiltrations in the articular capsule of the normal rabbits. In the model group, the knee joint was matt and opaque. Articular cartilage became thin, and showed poor elasticity. The cartilages were degenerated. Articular surface was rough, and had defects. There were smal amount of joint fluid or no joint fluid. Cartilage cel s shrank or disappeared, and the number of cartilage cel s reduced with degeneration and necrosis. Subchondral bone became sclerosis with trabecular bone of hyperplasia. The arrangement of cartilage cel s was disordered, with hyalinization and synovial vil ous hypertrophy. Cel clustering phenomenon was seen. There were a large number of lymphocytes, plasma cel s and neutrophil infiltration in cartilages. The typical pathological changes of the knee paralysis present in the rabbit cartilage. These results demonstrate that the rabbit model of knee paralysis can be successful y established by using fixation method with plaster casts and wire, which has the advantages of simple operation, strong fixation and no injury.

Expression and significance of SNAT1 protein in brain glioma tissue / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To explore the expression of human sodium coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1) in human glioma tissues and its relationship with clinical pathological parameters and prognosis. Methods Immu?nohistochemical and western blotting were used to detect SNAT1 expression in glioma tissue and tumor peripheral tissue from 89 cases of glioma patients including 55 cases of low grade gliomas (WHO I-II), and 34 cases of high grade gliomas (WHO grade III-IV).χ2 test and was used to analyze the relationship between expression and clinical pathological param?eters of SNAT1. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the effect of different expression of SNAT1 on the prognosis of patients and to establish the Cox regression model. Results The expression of SNAT1 was significantly higher in gliomas than in tumor peripheral tissue (t=-9.803, P=0.001). The expression of SNAT1 was significantly higher in high pathologi?cal grade tissues than in low grade of glioma tissues (t=-6.682, P=0.003). SNAT1 expression was associated with tumor di?ameter and pathological grade (χ2=4.963, 8.527, P<0.05);Cox regression model showed that the tumor pathological grade and different SNAT1 protein expression were independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with glioma. Conclu?sions The expression of SNAT1 protein is closely associated with the pathological grade of gliomas and the prognosis of the patients, which may be a new target to judge the biological characteristics and to evaluate the prognosis of gliomas.

Expression and significance of HMGB1 and TLR4 in epileptogenic focus brain tissue of temporal lobe in-tractable epilepsy patients / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 in epileptogenic focus brain tissue of temporal lobe intractable epilepsy patients, and analyze its significance in epileptic seizures. Methods 85 tempo-ral lobe intractable epilepsy patients were included in the research. Patients underwent resection of epileptogenic focus in Neurosurgery Department of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during January 2011 to January 2012. Epileptogenic focus brain tissue during operation were studied. 20 patients underwent intracranial decompression were selected as control group. Normal brain tissue during operation were studied. Immunohisto-chemical method was applied to detect HMGB1 and TLR4 expression level in epileptogenic focus brain tissue of ex-perimental group patients and normal brain tissue of control group patients. Correlation of HMGB1 and TLR4 expres-sion level and epileptic seizures was analyzed. Results Positive expression rate of HMGB1 (χ2= 74.375, P =0.000) and TLR4(χ2= 57.495, P = 0.000) in epileptogenic focus brain tissue of experimental group patients are both higher than that in normal brain tissue of control group patients. Expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 in epilepto-genic focus brain tissue is correlated with course of epilepsy (χ2= 25.798, P = 0.000), (χ2= 10.548, P = 0.001) preoperative epileptic seizure duration(χ2=8.403, P=0.004),(χ2=10.564, P= 0.001) and preoperative epilep-tic seizure frequency (χ2=4.912, P=0.027), (χ2=5.567, P=0.018). Conclusions HMGB1-TLR4 passageway may become new direction to study pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of intractable epilepsy.

Expressions of HMGB1 and TLR4 in human glioma tissues of patients combined with epilepsy / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of high mobility group protein b 1 (HMGPB1) and toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) in human glioma tissues of patients with epilepsy and explore the mechanism of glioma-associated epilepsy.Methods Ninety-five glioma specimens,collected during the resection surgery in our hospital firom June 2011 to June 2014,were used in our experiment;among them,55 were low-grade gliomas and 40 were high-grade gliomas.Immunohistochemistry and real time-PCR were used to assay the protein and mRNA expressions of HMGB1 and TLR4 in glioma tissues and peritumoral tissues,and the relation between HMGB1/TLR4 and glioma-associated epilepsy was analyzed.Results The incidence of glioma-associated epilepsy was 35.79％ (34/95),and the incidence of glioma-associated epilepsy in low-grade gliomas (49.09％) was significantly higher than that in high-grade gliomas (17.50％)(x2=10.057,P=0.002).Immunohistochemisty and RT-PCR showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of HMGB1/TLR4 in the peritumoral tissues with glioma-associated epilepsy were significantly higher than those in the peritumoral tissues without glioma-associated epilepsy (P＜0.05),while no significant difference was noted between glioma tissues with and without epilepsy (P＞0.05).Conclusion Over-expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 in peritumoral tissues of glioma patients may be related with the development of glioma-associated epilepsy,which may be a new target in glioma therapy.

Expression of HMGB1 in glioma tissue of glioma-related epilepsy and epileptic seizures / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To explore expression of HMGB1 in glioma tissue of glioma-related epilepsy patients. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HMGB1 in the tissues from 82 glioma-related epi?lepsy patients (glioma-related epilepsy group), 80 glioma patients (glioma without epilepsy group), 80 intractable epilepsy patients (epilepsy control group) epileptogenic foci tissue and 20 normal controls (negative control group). Results HMGB1 in glioma tissue of glioma-related epilepsy group was significantly higher than that in glioma tissue of glioma without epilepsy grou p (χ2=16.944, P<0.001), especially in low pathological grade glioma tissue. HMGB1 was higher in glioma tissue of glioma-related epilepsy group than in epileptogenic foci tissue of epilepsy control group (χ2=26.094, P<0.001). Expression of HMGB1 in glioma tissue of glioma without epilepsy group (χ2=32.273, P<0.001) and epileptogenic foci tissue of epilepsy control group ( χ2=22.236,P<0.001) was higher than in normal brain tissue of negative control group. In glioma-related epilepsy group, HMGB1 was positively correlated with seizures duration(r=0.365,P=0.001), sei? zures frequency (r=0.531,P=0.000) and pathological grade of glioma tissue (r=0.265,P=0.016). Conclusions HMGB1 is highly expressed in glioma tissues of glioma-related epilepsy; HMGB1 expression is closely related with seizures; and HMGB1 in glioma tissue may contribute to the formation of glioma-related epilepsy.

Reversal effect of RNA interference targeting Fascin1 on migration and invasion of glioma cell line U87 MG / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To detect the functional role of Fascin1 and its related molecular mechanisms in migration and invasion capacity of glioma cells,we utilized gene specific small interference RNA of Fascin1 in cell line U87 MG. Methods:Fascin1-siRNA or negative siRNA was transfected into U87 MG cells of control group or experiment group. Transwell method was employed to assess the migration and invasion capacity of glioma cells. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of Fascin1,pAKT and pSTAT3. The impact of PI3K/AKT pathway and STAT3 pathway on migration and invasion of U87 MG cells was verified,via applying LY294002 and LY294002,which was inhibitor of the two pathways respectively. Results:As compared to control groups,the migration and invasion capacity of transfected glioma cells were attenuated about 52% or 43%(P<0. 05),accompanied with the decreased phos-phorylation of AKT and STAT3. As utilizing the inhibitors of AKT and STAT3,attenuated migration and invasion capacity of U87 MG cells were observed. Conclusion:Down-regulated expression of Fascin1 could suppress the migration and invasion capacity of U87 MG cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT pathway and STAT3 pathway.