Effect of Fushengong Prescreption on Regulation-antagonism Effect of ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R Axis and ACE2-Ang(1-7)-MASR Axis of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of Fushengong prescreption on the regulation-antagonism effect of angiotensin converting enzyme-angiotensin Ⅱ-angiotensin Ⅱ 1 receptor （ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R） axis and angiotensin converting enzyme 2-angiotensin （1-7）-Mas receptor［ACE2-Ang（1-7）-MASR］ axis of rats with chronic renal failure（CRF）， and to explore its mechanism of delaying the development of CRF. Method:The 65 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （<italic>n</italic>=10） and modeling group （<italic>n</italic>=55）. The normal group was routinely reared， while the modeling group were administered by gavage with 0.25 g·kg^-1d^-1adenine suspension for 28 days. After the model was successfully established， the survival model rats were randomly divided into model group， benazepril group（0.01 g·kg^-1·d^-1）and low，medium and high dose of Fushengong prescreption groups （4，8，16 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. The normal group and model group were administered the same volume of normal saline by gavage， lasted for 28 days. After the experiment， systolic blood pressure （SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP） of caudal artery were measured， and 24-hour urine was collected to determine 24-hour urine protein （24 h U-pro）. The content of serum creatinine（SCr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） in the serum were measured， the histological morphology was observed by hematoxylin eosin（HE）staining， and the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was observed by Masson staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the contents of AngⅡ， Ang （1-7） and Cystatin C （CysC） in serum and renal homogenate. The protein level of ACE， ACE2， AT1R and MASR were detected by Western blot. The expression of ACE and ACE2 protein in renal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with normal group， the expression levels of SCr， BUN and CysC in model group were significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the content of AngⅡ in serum and kidney tissues were significantly increased， the content of Ang （1-7） were significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the expression of ACE and AT1R protein in renal tissues were significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the expression of ACE2 and MASR protein were significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with model group and benazepril group， after the intervention with Fushengong prescreption， the serum SCr，BUN and CysC decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.05），the content of AngⅡ in serum and kidney tissues decreased significantly，Ang（1-7） increased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the expression of ACE and AT1R protein in renal tissues decreased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， ACE2 and MASR protein increased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The high-dose Fushengong prescreption has the best effect. The high， medium and low-dose effects of Fushengong prescreption were dose-dependent. Conclusion:Fushengong prescreption improved renal function and pathological change of kidney in adenine-induced rats with chronic renal failure. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R axis and promotion of ACE2-Ang（1-7）-MASR axis ，which leads to the delaying of the progression of chronic renal failure.

Effect of Fushengong Prescription on Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Kidney of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of Fushengong prescription on secretory glycoprotein （Wnt）/β-serial protein （β-catenin） signaling pathway in kidney of rats with chronic renal failure （CRF），and to further explore its mechanism of releasing the aggregation of extracellular matrix（ECM），inhibiting renal tubule interstitial fibrosis （TIF） and prolonging the progression of CRF. Method:A total of 55 SD male rats were randomly divided into the normal group，the model group，and the low， medium and high dose groups of Fushengong prescription，with 11 rats in each group.The normal group was routinely reared and the other 4 groups of rats were used to establish CRF model with 0.5% adenine fodder， fed them continuously for 21 d. After successful modeling，all model rats were switched to conventional feed. Normal saline （NS） was given the normal group and the model group by 20 mL·kg-1·d-1， the low， middle and high dose groups rats of Fushengong prescription were given intragastric administration Fushengong prescription according to the body weight of 4， 8， 16 g·kg-1，once a day，continuous gavage for 30 d. After the experiment，the pathomorphism change of renal tissues of rats was measured by Masson staining， the expression of Wnt4 and β-catenin mRNA in the kidney tissues were observed by the method of Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）， the expression of Wnt4，β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase-7（MMP-7） protein of renal tissues were detected by the methods of Western blot. The expression of Wnt4， β-catenin protein of renal tissues were detected by the methods of immunohistochemistry （IHC）. Result:Compared with normal group，renal tubule interstitial fibrosis of renal tissues increased distinctly and the expression of Wnt4，β-catenin and MMP-7 protein increased significantly in the model group. Wnt4 and β-catenin mRNA also increased significantly in model group（P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the expression of Wnt4， β-catenin and MMP-7 protein in the Fushengong prescription groups decreased obviously （P<0.05）. The expression of Wnt4 and β-catenin mRNA in Fushengong prescription groups also decreased obviously. Conclusion:The mechanism of Fushengong prescription can release the aggregation of ECM，inhibit TIF and delay the progression of CRF，which may be related with the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

Effect of Fushengong Prescription on p38 MAPK Signal Pathway of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of Fushengong prescription on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p38 MAPK） signal pathway of rats with chronic renal failure（CRF），and to explore its mechanism of reducing inflammatory reaction of renal tissues and delaying the progress of renal interstitial fibrosis. Method:The 55 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group，model group， and low，medium and high dose groups of Fushengong prescription，with 11 rats in each group.The normal group was routinely reared， and the other four groups of rats were fed a diet containing 0.5% adenine to produce a model of CRF， which was continuously molded for 21 days.After successful modeling，all rats switched to conventional feed.Normal group and model group were given normal saline 20 mL·kg-1，and each group of Fushengong prescription was given 4，8，16 g·kg-1 of water prescription once a day for 30 days.After the experiment，Masson staining was used to observe the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis.The expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1（MCP-1） in renal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p-p38 MAPK） and transformed growth factor-β1（TGF-β1） in renal tissues were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with normal group，the renal interstitial collagen deposition increased significantly，the average optical density value of MCP-1 and the expression levels of p-p38 MAPK and TGF-β1 also increased significantly in model group （P<0.05）. Compared with model group，the renal interstitial collagen deposition reduced significantly，the average optical density value of MCP-1 and the protein expression levels of p-p38 MAPK and TGF-β1 also decreased significantly in each dose group of Fushengong prescription（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Fushengong prescription can effectively inhibit the expression of related inflammatory factors in the renal tissue of CRF rats，so as to reduce the inflammatory response in the renal tissue and delay the progress of renal interstitial fibrosis，the mechanism of which may be related to inhibit the activation of p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway.

Effects of electro-acupuncture on expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 in ankle joint synovial tissue of acute gouty arthritis rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) on the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell (TREM)l in ankle joint synovial tissue of acute gouty arthritis (AGA) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal, AGA, medication and EA group, 10 rats in each group. AGA model was established by induced monosodium urate (MSU) method, except the normal group. Tow days before AGA model was established, normal and AGA groups were lavaged with normal saline (20 ml/kg), medication group was lavaged with colchicine solution (20 ml/kg), EA(1.5-2 Hz, D.-D.wave, 9v; 1-3 rnA) was applied to "Sanyinjiao" (SP6), "jiexi" (ST41) and "Kunlun" (BL60) for 20 min, once daily;continuously for 9 days. Then observed the changes in dysfunction, and the content of TNF-α and IL-lβ detected by ELISA, the expression of TREM-l detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the normal group, the AGA group of the dysfunction index increased significantly (P<0.01), the content of TNF-α and IL-lβ increased significantly (P<0.05), the expression of TREM-l in synovial tissue increased significantly (P<0.05); the medication and EA groups compared to the AGA group, the dysfunction index decreased significantly (P<0.01), the content of TNF-α and IL-lβ decreased significantly (P<0.05), the expression of TREM-l in synovial tissue decreased significantly (P<0.05); there were not statistically significant between the medication and EA group (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA treating AGA may be through down-regulating the expression of TREM -1 in synovial tissue.</p>

The point of view of moxibustion in the book, A General Survey of Moxibustion / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study on academic point of view of the book, A General Survey of Moribustion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Study academic thought of the book and clarify academic origin and characteristics of the book.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Processing of argyi leaf, manufacture of mugwort floss and size of moxa cone have a certain technique standards in the book. The book indicates that small cones should be used with more times of moxibustion. and the properties of mugwort floss are not dry and heat, but are warm and moist and mild, moxibustion not only can be used to treat cold syndrome but also can be used to treat heat syndrome; the body can response to the external moxibustion. The above points of view have still guiding significance in nowadays.</p>