Value and evaluation of laparoscopic surgery for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma / 中国实用外科杂志

The low resectability rate of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma,abdominal adhesion and anatomical variation caused by the original hepatectomy increase the difficulty and risk of liver re-resection,which hampers the development of minimally invasive management of posthepatectomy hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. In recent years,with the update of laparoscopic equipment and the accumulation of surgeon experience, preliminary exploration of laparoscopic liver re-resection for patients with posthepatectomy hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence has begun. In patients with strict indications,laparoscopic reresection can significantly reduce the incidence of perioperative complications and achieve similar survival results as the open surgery. However,as the treatment is still in the exploratory stage,it is recommended to perform only under the strict case selection of medical centers with rich experience in open and laparoscopic liver resection. High quality clinical research is still needed to promote its standardization.

Splenic autotransplantation combined with lower esophagus transaction in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis induced portal hypertension / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effect of splenic autotransplantation combined with lower esophagus transaction anastomosis in the treatment of liver cirrhosis induced portal hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six patients admitted from January 2003 to December 2006 were randomly divided into splenic autotransplantation group undergoing splenic autotransplantation after splenectomy combined with lower esophagus transaction anastomosis, and splenectomy group only undergoing splenectomy combined with lower esophagus transaction anastomosis. The general conduction, splenic scanning, liver function, and the level of serum Tuftsin and IgM of each patient were observed before and after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of Tuftsin and IgM in splenic autotransplantation group were significant higher than that of splenectomy group 2 months after the operation, and the liver function showed no significant difference between these two groups. Splenic tissue was detected in the retroperitoneal space by 99mTc-DRBC 2 months after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Splenic autotransplantation combined with lower esophagus transaction anastomosis is a safe and effective treatment strategy for patients with liver cirrhosis induced portal hypertension, and the spleen tissue transplanted into the retroperitoneal space can partially preserve the immune function.</p>

MicroRNA differential expression profile during differentiation of embryonic stem cells towards hepatocytes induced by sodium butyrate / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression profile of microRNAs during the course of embryonic stem cells differentiation towards hepatocytes induced by sodium butyrate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total RNA was extracted from embryonic stem cells on day 0, 6, and 9 during cell differentiation, and microRNA was isolated from the total RNA. Microarray analysis of microRNA expression was performed to detect the different expression levels of microRNA among the indicated time points (day 0, 6, and 9).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the microRNA expression level on day 0 of cell differentiation, 17 different microRNAs exhibited higher expressions both on day 6 and day 9. Twenty-two and 27 microRNA demonstrated lower expressions on day 6 and day 9, respectively. Further analysis revealed that 15 microRNA among the above microRNAs with significant differential expression may keep close interation with histone deacetylase.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>During the course of embryonic stem cells differentiation towards hepatocytes induced by sodium butyrate, histone deacetylase and its relevant microRNAs may play important roles in cell differentiation.</p>

A survey of bile duct injuries sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the reasons for bile duct injury (BDI) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), and to determine the effect of multiple treatment after BDI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective cohort study was performed. The medical records of 110 patients diagnosed with BDI after LC from October 1993 to November 2007, in ten large hospitals in Guangdong of China, were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 110 patients with BDI, 58 cases (52.7%) were local patients, whereas 52 cases (47.3%) were transferred from outside hospitals. Reasons for BDI following LC were: (1) Lack of experience of the LC operator (48.2%); (2) LC performed during acute cholecystitis (20.0%); (3) The structure of Calot triangle was unclear (15.5%); (4) Variable anatomical position (11.8%); (5) Intra-operation bleeding (4.5%). The commonest sites of injury were the choledochus and common hepatic duct (76.4%). Following BDI, endoscopic stenting or operative repair was performed in 106 patients. The overall success rate was 95.3% (101/106), with a mortality rate was 0.9% (1/106). Cholangitis occurred in 3.8% (4/106) cases. Choledocho-enterostomy operation was performed in almost 60.0% (63/106) cases, and the success rate was 93.7% (59/63). Endoscopic stenting or operative repair was performed immediately following BDI in 23.6% (25/106) patients, the success rate was 100%; and within 30 days in 63.2% (67/106) patients. Eighty-eight out of 106 patients who underwent repair were successful following the first operative procedure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Factors such as an un-experienced operator and unclear anatomical position were causes of BDI following LC. Early operative repair should be regarded as the treatment of choice, in patients diagnosed with BDI. Early refer to an experienced hepatobiliary operator ensures a high success rate.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of primary tumor of small intestine: a report of 58 cases / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the pathological classification, clinical symptom and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of primary tumor of small intestine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of 58 patients with primary tumor of small intestine pathologically confirmed from Oct. 1996 to Oct. 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen patient (22.4%) had primary benign tumors of small intestine and 45 patient (77.6%) had primary malignant tumors of small intestine. The major clinical signs of primary tumor of small intestine included hemorrhage(85%), abdomen pain(19%), abdomen mass and intestine obstruction(16%). Forty- eight patients (82.8%) were diagnosed by laparotomy of abdominal cavity and misdiagnosed preoperatively as other diseases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Primary tumors of small intestine are difficult to be diagnosed preoperatively. CT scan, digital subtraction angiography and radionuclide imaging are helpful for the diagnosis. Laparotomy of abdominal cavity is the main choice for those patients with suspicious tumor of small intestine.</p>

A 26-year clinical observation of splenic auto-transplantation and oesophageal transection anastomosis: a new treatment strategy in patients with portal hypertension / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Surgical treatment options for patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension are complicated. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a new treatment strategy, splenic auto-transplantation and oesophageal transection anastomosis. We report results from clinical observations, splenic immune function and portal dynamics in 274 patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 1979 to 2005, 274 cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension underwent the new treatment strategy, and were followed up to compare results with those patients who underwent traditional surgical treatment. From 1999 to 2002, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was performed on 40 patients to compare their post-operative immune function. From 1994 to 2006, another RCT enrolled 28 patients to compare portal dynamics using three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D DEC MRA) investigation post operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 274 patients (mean age 41.8 years), the emergency operative mortality (4.4%), selective operative mortality (2.2%), complication rate (17.9%), prevalence of hepatic encephalopathy (< 1%), rate of portal hypertension gastritis (PHG) bleeding (9.1%), and morbidity of hepatic carcinoma (8%) were similar to those patients undergoing traditional operation; the spleen immunology function (Tuftsin, IgM) decreased in both groups 2 months post operation, but this decrease did not reach statistical significance. Through 3D DCE MRA, the cross sectional area and the velocity and volume of blood flow of the main portal vein decreased significantly after operation in both groups. The velocity and volume of blood flow in the auto-transplantation group was significantly lower than that in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Splenic auto-transplantation and esophageal transection anastomosis is a safe, effective, and reasonable treatment strategy for patients with portal hypertension with varicial bleeding. It not only can correct hypersplenism, but may also achieve complete hemostasis. Spleens auto-transplanted into the retroperitoneal space can preserve immune function and establish broad collateral circulation.</p>

Study of embryonic stem cells induced to express hepatic cell functions in vitro in a pathologic niche containing cholestatic serum / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the role of a pathologic niche inducing mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) to express hepatic cell functions in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Embryoid bodies were developed from 5 to 7 day hanging-drop culture of mouse ESC, and their dissociated cells were planted in three differential systems: nothing added; with 20 ng/ml hepatocyte growth factor (HGF); and 5% rat cholestatic serum plus 20 ng/ml HGF added. Their differentiation was observed with inverted microscopes daily, and their hepatic functions were analyzed against their synthesis of glycogen, triglycerides, albumin, and urea nitrogen, and by their staining of indocyanine green (ICG) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ESC spontaneous differentiation was hardly being controlled to form three germ layers. HGF prompted the ESC to develop further into visceral endoderm and mesoderm (myocardium), but both of them only expressed a low level of hepatocyte-specific metabolic functions. With cholestatic serum added into the HGF-induced system, differentiated cells grew into similar angular cells, and had a higher level synthesis of glycogen, triglycerides, albumin and urea nitrogen with positive ICG and FDA staining.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Spontaneous or HGF-induced ESC differentiation has only limited hepatic functions expressed. A pathologic niche in vitro induces ESC to develop into hepatic lineages, with a higher level of hepatic metabolic functions.</p>