RESUMO
Monascus is one of the most essential microbial resources in China, with thousands of years of history. Modern science has proved that Monascus can produce pigment, ergosterol, monacolin K, γ-aminobutyric acid, and other functionally active substances. Currently, Monascus is used to produce a variety of foods, health products, and pharmaceuticals, and its pigments are widely used as food additives. However, Monascus also makes a harmful polyketide component called citrinin in the fermentation process; citrinin has toxic effects on the kidneys such as teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity (Gong et al., 2019). The presence of citrinin renders Monascus and its products potentially hazardous, which has led many countries to set limits and standards on citrinin content. For example, the citrinin limit is less than 0.04 mg/kg according to the Chinese document National Standard for Food Safety Food Additive Monascus (GB 1886.181-2016) (National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, 2016), and the maximum level in food supplements based on rice fermented with Monascus purpureus is 100 µg/kg in the European Union (Commission of the European Union, 2019).
Assuntos
Citrinina , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fungos , MonascusRESUMO
Objective To investigate alexithymia and perceived stress in nursing staff.Methods Nurses who were 18 to 45 years old were selected with clustered sampling method and finished the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).Results TAS total sore ranged from 25 to 84.The incidence of critical state group and alexithymia group was respectively 38.5％ and 26.0％.There was no significant difference of alexithymia in nursing staff with different ages,education background and marital status.The total score of TAS-20 was significantly higher in general nurses than in nursing cadres,and the score of alexithymia factor was significantly higher in senior nurses than in junior nurses and in-charge nurses.The perceived stress was rising in non-alexithymia group,the critical state group and alexithymia group and the scores had significant difference.Conclusions There is a high incidence of alexithymia in nursing staff and more stress is perceived in nursing staff with alxithymia.More attention should be paid to and more psychological intervention should be given to younger nurses.
RESUMO
ObjectiveTo investigate and understand the cognitive level of occupational protection of staff in sterilization and supply center. Methods180 staff in sterilization and supply center were taken for a retrospective questionnaire investigation.The survey included:general information of the object,cognition about occupational protection,wearing of protective equipment,influence of occupational hazards,sharp instrument injury and the handling of injury cases. ResultsThe cognitive level of occupational protection in the sterilization and supply center was low.Some of the staff did not fully implement the wearing of protective equipment rules in the decontamination areas.In the occupational hazards,sharp instrument injuries accounted the highest incidence.The situation of taking blood tests after injury,injection of high titer globulin,report to the higher-ups and follow-up investigation were rare,and even some staff gave no handling of the wound. ConclusionsThe cognitive level of occupational protection in the sterilization and supply center is low.It not only needs professional training to improve cognitive level of occupational protection but also effective protective measures.The management department should establish a complete protection regulations of occupational safety and strict supervision in order to prevent the occurrence of occupational exposure,ensure staff safety,and at the same time,health records should be established in order to understand health status of staff.