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Objective:To study the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis in lupus nephritis (LN) patients with renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), so as to provide more theoretical basis for clinicians to recognize and treat this disease.Methods:The clinical data of LN patients who underwent renal biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2012 to May 31, 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. According to renal clinicopathological examination, the patients were divided into renal TMA group and non-renal TMA group. The clinical data, laboratory examination, renal pathological examination, therapeutic measures and prognostic between the two groups were compared. Follow-up end points were defined as composite ends, including all-cause death, entry into end-stage renal disease, and estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease>50% of baseline. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used to compare the difference of survival rate between the two groups, and multivariate Cox regression equation was used to analyze the risk factors of endpoint events in LN patients.Results:A total of 1 133 patients with LN were enrolled in this study. Patients with renal TMA were more likely to have hypertension ( χ2=16.310, P<0.001), higher baseline serum creatinine ( Z=-6.918, P<0.001) and 24-hour urine protein ( Z=-2.232, P=0.026), and higher renal pathology activity index (AI) score ( Z=1.957, P=0.001)and chronic index (CI) score ( Z=1.836, P=0.002). The proportions of hormone shock ( P<0.001) and plasma exchange ( P<0.001) in the renal TMA group were higher than those in non-renal TMA group. After treatment of (12±2) months, patients in the renal TMA group had a lower complete response rate ( χ2=10.455, P=0.001) and a higher non-response rate ( χ2=6.047, P=0.014) than those in non-renal TMA group, and were associated with worse prognosis (Log-rank test χ2=26.490, P<0.001). Renal TMA was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis ( HR=2.347, 95% CI 1.210-4.553, P=0.012). Conclusions:Compared with LN patients without renal TMA, LN patients with renal TMA are more likely to have hypertension, with higher serum creatinine, 24-hour urinary protein, AI and CI, suggesting poorer treatment response and renal prognosis. Moreover, renal TMA is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with LN.
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Objective:To investigate the function of the expression rate of vitamin D, T helper cell 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the pathogenesis of adolescents with multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:Thirty-eight adolescent patients diagnosed with MS in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2010 to December 2020 were selected as the MS group, and 38 healthy adolescents matched with age and body mass index were selected as healthy control group.The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [25-(OH)D 3] was measured by liquid chromatograph; the expression rates of Th17 and Tregs were measured by flow cytometry; the serum levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 were measured by immunofluorescence.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was adopted to analyze the differences between the above indicators and their correlation in the MS group and the healthy control group. Results:There was no difference in the level of 25-(OH)D 3 in peripheral blood between the MS group and the healthy control group( P>0.05). As for the MS group, the expression rate of Th17 was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group [(3.02±0.20)% vs.(1.99±0.16)%, t=12.03, P<0.05]; the expression rate of Tregs in peripheral blood was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group [(4.63±0.77)% vs.(5.10±0.90)%, t=14.65, P<0.05]; the ratio of Th17 to Tregs was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (0.25±0.07 vs.0.17±0.05, t=16.89, P<0.05); the levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 in peripheral blood were higher than those in the healthy control group [(26.13±5.98) ng/L vs.(24.45±3.01) ng/L; (122.26±37.71) ng/L vs.(87.95±17.66) ng/L, t=1.986, 47.650, all P<0.05]. In the MS group, 25-(OH)D 3 in peripheral blood was not correlated with other test indicators; the levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 were higher in patients with relapsing or progressive disease than in patients with stable disease in remission [(17.49±3.94) ng/L vs.(14.45±3.81) ng/L; (90.42±23.06) ng/L vs.(77.55± 20.56) ng/L, t=1.990, 2.472, all P<0.05]; the expression rate of Th17 cells was positively correlated with the level of TNF-α and MCP-1 in peripheral blood ( r=0.478, 0.442, all P<0.05); the expression rate of Tregs was negatively correlated with the level of TNF-α and MCP-1 in peripheral blood ( r=-0.318, -0.356, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Th17 and Tregs may be involved in the immunopathological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of adolescents with MS; changes in associated cytokines may be involved in the regulation of Th17 and Tregs changes and the inflammatory response; Th17 and Tregs and associated cytokine changes may play an important role in the occurrence, progression, and relapse progression of MS as an immunopathological mechanism.
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Objective@#To compare the clinical outcomes of fresh embryo transfers (ETs) and frozen-thawed embryo transfers (FETs) after a freeze-all cycle in women ≥40 years old with poor ovarian response (POR). @*Methods@#We performed a single-center, retrospective, case-control study of patients who underwent in vitro fertilization between January 2014 and June 2019. We included a total of 192 patients aged 40 years or older from whom 3 or fewer oocytes had been retrieved and who were receiving cleavage-stage ET in this study. Of these patients, 101 and 91 patients underwent fresh ET and FET, respectively. The primary outcome was the live birth rate (LBR) after the first ET. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the IVF outcomes and neonatal characteristics between the fresh ET and FET groups, adjusting for maternal age, body mass index, luteinizing hormone, and the number of good quality embryos transferred. @*Results@#The mean maternal ages and number of oocytes retrieved (43.2 years and 2.3 in both groups, P=0.902 and P=0.927, respectively) were similar in the fresh ET and FET groups. No significant difference was observed between the LBRs of the fresh ET and FET groups (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–5.70). The clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates, and neonatal characteristics (birth weights and premature infant rates) were similar between the 2 groups. @*Conclusions@#FET after the freeze-all strategy had no beneficial impact on the clinical outcomes of women ≥40 years with POR.
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Objective@#To compare the clinical outcomes of fresh embryo transfers (ETs) and frozen-thawed embryo transfers (FETs) after a freeze-all cycle in women ≥40 years old with poor ovarian response (POR). @*Methods@#We performed a single-center, retrospective, case-control study of patients who underwent in vitro fertilization between January 2014 and June 2019. We included a total of 192 patients aged 40 years or older from whom 3 or fewer oocytes had been retrieved and who were receiving cleavage-stage ET in this study. Of these patients, 101 and 91 patients underwent fresh ET and FET, respectively. The primary outcome was the live birth rate (LBR) after the first ET. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the IVF outcomes and neonatal characteristics between the fresh ET and FET groups, adjusting for maternal age, body mass index, luteinizing hormone, and the number of good quality embryos transferred. @*Results@#The mean maternal ages and number of oocytes retrieved (43.2 years and 2.3 in both groups, P=0.902 and P=0.927, respectively) were similar in the fresh ET and FET groups. No significant difference was observed between the LBRs of the fresh ET and FET groups (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–5.70). The clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates, and neonatal characteristics (birth weights and premature infant rates) were similar between the 2 groups. @*Conclusions@#FET after the freeze-all strategy had no beneficial impact on the clinical outcomes of women ≥40 years with POR.
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Objective@#To analyze influencing factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#We recruited 2 180 participants aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships of socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral lifestyle, chronic disease prevalence, functional status, family and social support with depressive symptoms in the elderly.@*Results@#The detection rate of depression symptoms was 15.0% in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas of China, and the detection rate of depression symptoms was 11.5% in men and 18.5% in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the detection rate of depressive symptoms was lower in the elderly who had regular physical exercises (OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.26-0.74), frequent fish intakes (OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.39-0.83), recreational activities (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.44-0.96), social activities (OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.11-0.73) and community services (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.50-0.93). The elderly who were lack of sleep (OR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.49-2.80), had visual impairment (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.08-2.18), had gastrointestinal ulcer (OR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.53-5.77), had arthritis (OR=2.63, 95%CI: 1.61-4.32), had higher family expenditure than income (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.17-2.78) and were in poor economic condition (OR=4.58, 95%CI: 2.48-8.47) had higher detection rate of depressive symptoms.@*Conclusion@#The status of doing physical exercise, fish intake in diet, social activity participation, sleep quality or vision, and the prevalence of gastrointestinal ulcers and arthritis were associated with the detection rate of depressive symptoms in the elderly.
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Objective@#To understand the current status of BMI of the elderly and related factors in longevity areas in China, and provide scientific evidence for the control of BMI level in elderly population.@*Methods@#Data used in this study were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A total of 2 825 elderly in 8 longevity areas in China were surveyed and measured in 2017. The BMI levels of 2 217 elderly aged 65 years and older were calculated and in follow up. The ordered classification logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencd factors for the BMI in the elderly.@*Results@#The BMI of the elderly in 8 longevity areas in China was (22.36±3.87) kg/m2, and it was (22.76±3.58) kg/m2 for males and (21.75±3.98) kg/m2 for females. The BMI levels were normal in 1 165 elderly persons. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 15.8%, 24.0% and 7.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the main factors affecting the BMI of people under 100- years old were age (65-: OR=2.78, 95%CI: 1.87-4.15; 80-: OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.00-2.17), smoking status (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.32-0.66), annual household income (<30 000 Yuan: OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.07-1.47; 30 000-70 000 Yuan: OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.12-1.86), and frequency of tea intake(OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-1.71), while the factor in people aged ≥100 years was gender (OR=3.68, 95%CI: 1.32-10.36).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were high in the elderly from longevity areas in China. It is necessary to pay attention to the trend of overweight and obesity due to smoking, higher annual household income and regular tea drinking in the elderly men.
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Objective@#To understand the relationship between visual impairment and risk of all-cause mortality in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#The data of the elderly aged 65 years and older in the project in 2012 were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, including physical measurement and survival status, and a follow-up for survival outcomes were conducted in 2014 and 2017 respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influence of visual impairment on mortality. Gender and age specific analysis was conducted.@*Results@#A total of 1 736 elderly adults were included. A total of 943 deaths occurred during the 5-year follow-up period with a 5-year mortality rate of 54.3%. The 5-year mortality rate was 76.7% in the group with visual impairment, and 47.6% in the group without visual impairment (P<0.001). After adjusting for demographic information, life style and some disease factors, the risk of 5-year mortality in the group with visual impairment group was 1.30 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment (HR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.09-1.55). In the females, the risk for mortality in the group with visual impairment was 1.48 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment (HR=1.48, 95%CI:1.20-1.84). However, vision status was not associated with the risk for mortality in males (HR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.72-1.43). The risk for mortality in the group with visual impairment was 1.39 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment in the elderly aged over 90 years (HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.13-1.70). Vision status was not associated with mortality risk in the elderly aged 65-79 years and 80-89 years (HR=1.37, 95%CI: 0.61-3.07; HR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.61-1.48).@*Conclusion@#In the elderly people in China, visual impairment is a risk factor for mortality.
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Objective@#To investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and all-cause mortality in the elderly aged 65 years and older in longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#Data used in this study were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 1 802 elderly adults were collected in the study during 2012-2017/2018. In this study, the elderly were classified into 4 groups, moderate-to-severe group [<45 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1], mild-to-moderate group [45- ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1], mild group [60- ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] and normal group [≥90 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] according to their eGFR levels.@*Results@#After 6 years of follow-up, 852 participants died, with a mortality rate of 47.3%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of eGFR were negatively correlated with all-cause mortality risk in the elderly (the HR of elderly was 0.993 and the 95%CI was 0.989-0.997 for every unit of eGFR increased, P=0.001), while compared with the group with normal eGFR, the HRs (95%CI) of the elderly in the moderate-to-severe group, mild-to-moderate group, and mild group were 1.690 (1.224-2.332, P=0.001), 1.312 (0.978-1.758, P=0.070), 1.349 (1.047-1.737, P=0.020) respectively [trend test P<0.001].@*Conclusion@#The decrease in eGFR was associated with higher mortality risk among the elderly in longevity areas in China.
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Objective@#To establish a prediction model for 6-year incidence risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the elderly aged 65 years and older in China.@*Methods@#In this prospective cohort study, we used the data of 3 742 participants collected during 2008/2009-2014 and during 2012-2017/2018 from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Two follow up surveys for renal function were successfully conducted for 1 055 participants without CKD in baseline survey. Lasso method was used for the selection of risk factors. The risk prediction model of CKD was established by using Cox proportional hazards regression models and visualized through nomogram tool. Bootstrap method (1 000 resample) was used for internal validation, and the performance of the model was assessed by C-index and calibration curve.@*Results@#The mean age of participants was (80.8±11.4) years. In 4 797 person years of follow up, CKD was found in 262 participants (24.8%). Age, BMI, sex, education level, marital status, having retirement pension or insurance, hypertension prevalence, blood uric acid, blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate in baseline survey were used in the model to predict the 6-year incidence risk of CKD in the elderly. The corrected C-index was 0.766, the calibration curve showed good consistence between predicted probability and observed probability in high risk group, but relatively poor consistence in low risk group.@*Conclusion@#The incidence risk prediction model of CKD established in this study has a good performance, and the nomogram can be used as visualization tool to predict the 6-year risk of CKD in the elderly aged 65 years and older in China.
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Malignant cerebral edema after ischemic stroke can lead to increased intracranial pressure, rapid deterioration of neurological symptoms, and formation of cerebral hernia. Given the high mortality and disability of malignant cerebral edema, its early detection and treatment are the focus of researches on ischemic stroke. This review summarizes the formation mechanism, predictive factors and treatment methods of malignant cerebral edema after ischemic stroke.
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Objective@#To explore the association of arsenic with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA).@*Methods@#A case-control study was conducted to select URSA patients who were admitted to the Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from April to October 2018 as a case group. Women who had a normal pregnancy in the Family Planning Department of the hospital but volunteered to have an abortion were selected as a control group. The case and control group were paired in a 1: 1 ratio. The inclusion criteria of the case group were patients with newly diagnosed recurrent spontaneous abortion who had clinically confirmed more than 2 spontaneous abortions and had 20 weeks prior to pregnancy, excluding patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion caused by abnormal blood coagulation (anti-phospholipid antibody positive), abnormal physiological anatomy (B-ultrasound), abnormal immune factors (anti-nuclear antibody positive, anti-cardiolipin antibody, etc.), genetic chromosomal abnormalities (karyotype analysis) and pathogenic microbial infection. The control group was matched according to the age of the case group (±3 years old) and the gestational age (±2 weeks) to exclude adverse pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth, congenital malformation, premature delivery and low birth weight infants. A total of 192 subjects were included. Questionnaires were used to collect information of all subjects, and 12 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected to detect blood arsenic levels. Blood arsenic levels were divided into low concentration group (<1.00 μg/L), medium concentration group (1.00-1.50 μg/L) and high concentration group (>1.50 μg/L). The multivariate conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between blood arsenic exposure and URSA and explore the influencing factors of blood Arsenic.@*Results@#The geometric mean values of blood arsenic level in the cases group and control group were 1.68 (1.50-1.86) μg/L and 1.26 (1.17-1.37) μg/L, respectively. The blood arsenic level in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The results of multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for tobacco exposure during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index and the effects of residential decoration in past five years, the risk of URSA was higher in the high-concentration group compared with the low-concentration group (OR=2.56, 95%CI:1.06-6.24).@*Conclusion@#Blood arsenic may increase the risk of URSA in women of childbearing age.
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The size of the non-sampling error is directly related to the accuracy and reliability of the sampling survey result. This paper studied the non-sampling errors generated during the sampling process of the China National Human Biomonitoring Program(CNBP), mainly including the sampling frame error, non-response error and measurement error. The program reduced the influence of the non-sampling error on the quality of the survey effectively by scientifically designing the sampling scheme and questionnaire, strengthening investigator trainings and standardizing the data review, which could be used to provide reference for the control of non-sampling errors in public health monitoring projects in China.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yangxue-Pinggan decoction on intractable headache. Methods A total of 66 patients with intractable headache who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups by random number table method, 33 in each group. The control group was given flunarizine hydrochloride capsule orally, while the treatment group was given professor Guan Youbo's Yangxue-Pinggan decoction. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The improvement rates of headache were observed. The headache attacks, the degree of headache, the duration of headache and the accompanying symptoms were scored, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results The total effective rate was 97.0％ (32/33) in the treatment group and 63.6％ (21/33) in the control group, which there was significant difference between the two groups (χ2=11.591, P=0.001). After treatment, the scores of the headache attacks, the degree of headache, the duration of headache and the accompanying symptoms in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t=17.689, 12.523, 26.907, 25.569, P<0.001). Conclusions The Yangxue-Pinggan decoction can obviously improve the clinical symptoms of intractable headache, relieve the pain degree and reduce the number of attacks, and its clinical efficacy is better than oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsule.
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BACKGROUND: The isolated and purified mammary stem cells from Holstein dairy cows have been induced to differentiate into nerve cells, adipocytes and osteoblasts, further enriching their multi-directional differentiation potential, which is of great significance for the study on mammary stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the osteogenic potential of mammary stem cells from Holstein dairy cows. METHODS: Mammary stem cells from Holstein dairy cows were isolated and purified, which were provided by the Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The fourth generation of mammary stem cells were cultured for 21 days in an osteogenic induction medium, and identified by alizarin red staining and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After osteogenic induction, the cell edge was indistinct, and there were some granular calcified nodules in the cells. The induced cells were positive for alizarin red staining. The positive expressions of Alpl and Bglap in the induced osteoblasts were detected, indicating that the mammary stem cells from Holstein dairy cows have the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts.
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BACKGROUND: The isolated and purified mammary stem cells from Holstein dairy cows have been induced to differentiate into nerve cells, adipocytes and osteoblasts, further enriching their multi-directional differentiation potential, which is of great significance for the study on mammary stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the osteogenic potential of mammary stem cells from Holstein dairy cows. METHODS: Mammary stem cells from Holstein dairy cows were isolated and purified, which were provided by the Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The fourth generation of mammary stem cells were cultured for 21 days in an osteogenic induction medium, and identified by alizarin red staining and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After osteogenic induction, the cell edge was indistinct, and there were some granular calcified nodules in the cells. The induced cells were positive for alizarin red staining. The positive expressions of Alpl and Bglap in the induced osteoblasts were detected, indicating that the mammary stem cells from Holstein dairy cows have the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts.
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Objective: To explore the sampling method in China National Human Biomonitoring Program (HBP) and the related errors, so as to calculate and evaluate the study design in sampling. Methods: The sampling method of HBP is of multistage nature. Taking the results of sampling method from Guizhou province as an example, results related to sampling error and variation coefficient were calculated, using the multistage unequal probability sampling error method. Results: The HBP covered 152 monitoring sites in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and with 21 888 residents selected. The replacement rates at various stages were 5.26%, 6.35% and 40.6% respectively. The sampling error in Guizhou province was 3 207 594, and the coefficient of variation was 0.097. Conclusions: According to the multi-stage unequal probability sampling method, the sampling coefficient variability appeared small with high precision, in Guizhou province. However, this method did not consider the weight adjustment of non-sampling errors such as population missing rate and response rate. Methods related to the calculation on multi-stage sampling error among large-scale public health monitoring projects need to be further studied.
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Humanos , China , Cidades , Monitoramento Ambiental , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
Objective To evaluate the value of Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score on diffusion weight-ed imaging(DWI-ASPECTS)in predicting the leptomeningeal collateral circulation(LMA)compensation of isch-emic stroke with middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion after intravenous thrombolysis. Methods A total of 178 patients with ischemic stroke confirmed as severe middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion by imaging were enrolled in the study.All the patients were treated by rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis.The baseline clinical date, DWI-ASPECTS,mRS and NIHSS were collected. LMA was assessed by cranio-cervical CTA. Results Compared with the poor collateral circulation group,the triglyceride level and DWI-ASPECTS were significantly increased in good collateral circulation group(P<0.05).The proportion of hypertension,NIHSS score,mRS score in good col-lateral circulation group were significantly lower than those in the poor collateral circulation group(P < 0.05). Compared with the poor collateral circulation group,insula,the ASPECTS areas M1 to M4,M6 and insula showed significantly fewer infarctions in good collateral circulation group(P<0.05).ROC analysis showed the area under ROC curve(AUC)of DWI-ASPECTS to predict LMA compensation were 0.932,the cutoff point of DWI-ASPECTS was 7.5.the sensitivity and specificity were 81.% and 94.1%.Conclusions The tissue protective role of good lepto-meningeal collateralization seems to be more pronounced in cortical and subcortical areas M1 to M4,M6 and the in-sula.DWI-ASPECTS can effectively predict the collateral circulation compensation in patients with acute middle ce-rebral artery infarction.
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Objective To explore the sampling method in China National Human Biomonitoring Program (HBP) and the related errors,so as to calculate and evaluate the study design in sampling.Methods The sampling method of HBP is of multistage nature.Taking the results of sampling method from Guizhou province as an example,results related to sampling error and variation coefficient were calculated,using the multistage unequal probability sampling error method.Results The HBP covered 152 monitoring sites in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and with 21 888 residents selected.The replacement rates at various stages were 5.26％,6.35％ and 40.6％ respectively.The sampling error in Guizhou province was 3 207 594,and the coefficient of variation was 0.097.Conclusions According to the multi-stage unequal probability sampling method,the sampling coefficient variability appeared small with high precision,in Guizhou province.However,this method did not consider the weight adjustment of non-sampling errors such as population missing rate and response rate.Methods related to the calculation on multi-stage sampling error among large-scale public health monitoring projects need to be further studied.
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Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety in patients with largeartery occlusive acute cerebral infarction who received multi-interventional modes mainly with mechanical thrombectomy and its related factors affecting prognosis. Methods The clinical data of 56 patients with large artery occlusive acute cerebral infarction were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics (gender,age,and underlying diseases),timing of treatment (time from ictus to puncture,time from puncture to recanalization), multi-interventional mode therapies (intra-arterial thrombolysis,thrombectomy,balloon dilation,and stenting, etc. ),and distribution of offending vessels were observed. The modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia Scale (mTICI)grade was used to evaluate revascularization. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)score was used to observe the neurological function at 24 h before and after procedures. The modified Rankin scale (mRS)was used to evaluate the prognosis at 3 months after procedure. The safety of the treatment was evaluated with operative complications (mainly symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage)and mortality. The patients were divided into either a good prognosis group (n = 34;mRS≤2)or a poor prognosis group (n =22;mRS≥3)according to the prognosis at 3 months after procedure. They were analyzed with univariate analysis. The factors influencing the prognosis were further analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results (1)The recanalization rate in 56 patients was 78. 6%(n = 44),in which basilar artery was the highest,reaching 93. 8% (15 / 16),middle cerebral artery was 87. 0% (20 / 23). The NIHSS score at 24 hours was 10 ± 7,it was lower than 16 ± 6 on admission. There was significant difference (t =6. 401,P <0. 01). At 3 months,34 patients (60. 7%)had good prognosis,4 (7. 1%)died,and 8 (14. 3%) had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. (2)Multiple factor analysis showed that the high level of recanalization was a protective factor for good prognosis (OR,0. 465,95% CI 0. 267 -0. 809,P =0. 007). Diabetes was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (OR,5. 535,95% CI 1. 101 -27. 835, P = 0. 038). Conclusion Acute large artery occlusive cerebral infarction treated with the intra-arterial multi-interventional modes may quickly and effectively restore intracranial blood flow. It has the characteris-tics of high recanalization rate and good prognosis,and the higher the level of recanalization,the better the prognosis. Diabetes is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.
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Objective To observe the influence of Simvastatin on immature rabbit model of chronic heart failure(CHF),and to explore the possible protective mechanism of Simvastatin for the rabbits with CHF.Methods Thirty immature male rabbits were divided into 3 groups randomly:control group,heart failure group (HF group)and Simvastatin group(SIM group),10 rabbits in each group.The models of CHF were established by injecting Adrinmycin via the auricular vein of rabbits (1.5 mg/kg,once 1 week,for 12 weeks).The control group were injected the same amount of 9 g/L saline.SIM group were given both injection of Adrinmycin and Simvastatin [1.5 mg/(kg · d)for 12 weeks].The immature rabbit's cardiac function and myocardial morphology changes were evaluated.The expressions of chromogranin A (CgA) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) were evaluated.Results (1) In control group,the immature rabbits were all alive;in the other 2 groups,most immature rabbits were depressed and sluggish.The survival rate of HF group was 60％,while in SIM group the survival rate was 80％.(2)Compared with the control group,the left ventricular ejection fraction in HF group and SIM group decreased significantly [(40.05 ± 6.74)％,(50.18 ± 5.73) ％ vs.(65.93 ± 5.65) ％,all P ＜ 0.01],while in SIM group was higher than that of HF group,and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05);compared with HF group,the left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular end systolic diameter decreased in SIM group [(13.48 ± 1.24) mm vs.(16.23 ± 2.82) mm;(9.87 ± 0.85) mm vs.(11.13 ± 1.21) mm],and the differences were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).(3) Compared with the control group,the expression of CgA (mean optical density 142.24 ± 17.14,127.93 ± 12.12 vs.78.65 ± 6.78,P ＜ 0.05;integrated optical density 1 422.41 ± 167.34,1 279.37 ± 118.15 vs.786.54 ± 75.84,P ＜ 0.05) and ASK1 (mean optical density 140.32 ± 18.65,115.48 ± 12.30 vs.69.85 ± 6.54,P ＜ 0.05;integrated optical density 1 403.23 ± 165.67,1 158.79 ± 137.81 vs.698.58 ± 64.51,P ＜ 0.05) increased in the HF group and SIM group.While the expression in the SIM group decreased significantly compared with that of the HF group,and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Simvastatin can improve cardiac function of immature rabbits with CHF.The mechanism of SIM may depress the expressions of CgA and ASK1.