Effects of after school exercise service on physical fitness in primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the effects of after school exercise service (referred to as the "after school ES") on physical health, so as to provide evidence for possible beneficial effect of after school ES.@*Methods@#Students in the fourth grade of primary school were recruited from September 2021 to July 2022 in Changsha City and divided into the control group ( n =220) and the after school ES group ( n =220). The control group only participated in the regular physical education activities of the school. The after school ES group received after school ES for one academic year, 4 times a week, 40-50 minutes per time, for a total of 32 weeks. Body shape indicators such as height, weight and percentage of body fat, as well as physical fitness indicators such as 50 meter running, grip strength and progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER) were measured in September to October 2021 and June to July 2022, respectively. Independent sample t-test, Chi square test and two factors repeated measurement analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis of the data.@*Results@#After one academic year, compared with the control group [(13.52±2.30)kg], muscle mass of primary school students in the after school ES group [(13.76±2.32)kg] significantly increased, while waist to hip ratio [(0.95±0.16)] and percentage of body fat [(20.17±7.43)%] significantly decreased compared to the control group [(1.01±0.21), (22.02±12.34)%]( F=330.70, 6.85, 4.33, P <0.05). The proportion of overweight and obesity in after school ES group decreased significantly from 19.5% to 12.3% ( χ 2=4.35, P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the scores of 50 meter running [(10.00±1.06, 10.21±0.83)s], 1 minute sit up [(33.25±8.24, 30.76±9.34)times], sitting and flexion [(14.53±7.50, 8.59±6.32)cm], 1 minute rope skipping [(125.01±30.50, 115.97±32.09)times], eyes closed and single legged standing [(30.00±34.72, 25.72±23.82)s], selective response time [(635.66±91.72, 652.79±120.42)ms] and VO 2max [(45.31± 1.02 , 43.67±0.85)mL/(kg〖 ·min)] in the after school ES group were significantly improved, with statistical significance ( F= 5.32 , 443.14, 97.23, 814.07, 36.49, 6.11, 396.91, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#After school ES can improve body shape of primary school students, reduce the risk of overweight and obesity and enhance physical fitness. It is recommended that schools should appropriately increase after school ES to promote physical fitness of students.

Dendritic cells in the clinical treatment of solid tumors：turning the corner / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 肿瘤免疫细胞疗法展现了良好的临床抗肿瘤前景。树突状细胞（DC）识别肿瘤抗原作为机体免疫响应的关键起始步骤，捕获肿瘤抗原后分化成熟，在淋巴结将抗原信号提呈给CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞等免疫细胞，激发抗肿瘤效应，应用于肿瘤治疗，尤其是实体瘤，被寄予厚望。但由于实体瘤TME复杂的结构特点、DC和T/B细胞免疫响应的机制不清晰等问题犹如崇山峻岭摆在眼前，故未能形成关键理论和技术突破。以CAR-T细胞为代表的精准细胞免疫疗法已表现出优势，但仍面临抗原选择瓶颈。DC治疗性疫苗在临床试验中表现出良好的疗效和安全性，随着DC在TME中关键作用机制的进一步揭示，研究者的目光重新聚焦在DC抗肿瘤效应，推动着DC与其他手段的联合疗法、工程化DC疫苗等实体瘤治疗方案从基础向临床转化，目前正迈入DC临床治疗实体瘤的新阶段。本文系统地对DC治疗实体瘤的临床研究进展、实体瘤TME中DC的种类及其抗肿瘤机制、工程化DC疫苗，以及面临的挑战和应对策略等问题进行了评述。

Effect of exercise on insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetes patients / Efeito do exercício sobre a resistência à insulina em pacientes obesos com diabetes tipo 2 / Efecto del ejercicio sobre la resistencia a la insulina en pacientes obesos con diabetes tipo 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), accounts for more than 90% of the total number of diabetes mellitus cases and often occurs in middle-aged and elderly people. Objective: To investigate the effect of exercise intervention on insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Eighty-six obese diabetic patients were screened as experimental subjects in physical examinations and randomly divided into observation and control groups. Visceral fat volume, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin of all subjects were measured before and after completion of the 6-month experimental implementation. The insulin resistance was calculated for both groups and the values for each indicator were compared statistically between groups. Results: Control of body weight, body mass index, blood glucose, blood lipids and insulin resistance index were better in the observation group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Basal intervention with quantitative exercise can significantly improve insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetes patients and the effect is better than treatment with diet and conventional exercise. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM), também conhecido como diabetes mellitus não insulino-dependente (NIDDM), é responsável por mais de 90% do total de casos de diabetes mellitus e, com frequência ocorre em pessoas de meia-idade e idosos. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da intervenção com exercícios sobre a resistência à insulina em pacientes obesos com diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: Oitenta e seis pacientes diabéticos obesos foram selecionados como participantes experimentais em exames físicos e foram divididos randomicamente em grupos de observação e controle. Gordura visceral, glicose e insulina sanguíneas em jejum de todos os indivíduos foram medidas antes e depois do término do experimento de seis meses. A resistência à insulina foi calculada para ambos os grupos e os valores de cada indicador foram comparados estatisticamente entre os grupos. Resultados: O controle de peso, índice de massa corporal, glicose e lípides sanguíneos e o índice de resistência à insulina foram melhores no grupo observação do que no grupo controle, e a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (P < 0,05). Conclusões: A intervenção basal com exercícios quantitativos pode melhorar significativamente a resistência à insulina em pacientes obesos com diabetes tipo 2 e seu efeito é melhor do que a dieta e a terapia com exercícios convencionais. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2), también conocida como diabetes mellitus no insulinodependiente (DMNID), representa más del 90% de todos los casos de diabetes mellitus y suele afectar a personas de mediana edad y ancianos. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto de la intervención con ejercicios sobre la resistencia a la insulina en pacientes obesos con diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 86 pacientes diabéticos obesos como participantes experimentales en exámenes físicos y se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupos de observación y control. Se midieron la grasa visceral, la glucosa y la insulina en ayunas de todos los individuos antes y después de finalizar el experimento de seis meses. Se calculó la resistencia a la insulina en ambos grupos y se compararon estadísticamente los valores de cada indicador entre los grupos. Resultados: El control del peso, el índice de masa corporal, la glucosa y los lípidos en la sangre y el índice de resistencia a la insulina fueron mejores en el grupo de observación que en el grupo de control, y la diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (P < 0,05). Conclusiones: La intervención inicial con ejercicios cuantitativos puede mejorar significativamente la resistencia a la insulina en pacientes obesos con diabetes tipo 2 y su efecto es mejor que la dieta y la terapia con ejercicios convencionales. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Research progress on the application of nanoparticle drug delivery systems in local drug treatment of periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

@#Periodontitis is a common oral disease that represents one of the main causes of tooth loss in adults. In recent years, the application of nanotechnology has provided a new drug delivery system and innovative therapy for the treatment of periodontitis and opens up new prospects for the regeneration of periodontal tissue. The nanoparticle drug delivery system is composed of degradable carrier materials and drugs. Compared with the traditional film, namely, the fragment and strip-shaped periodontal local drug delivery system, the nanoparticle drug delivery system has the characteristics of biopharmaceuticals and pharmacokinetics. Moreover, it has special advantages, including controlled release of drugs, long-term maintenance of drug concentration, biodegradability and biocompatibility, etc. Antibiotics, protein drugs, such as growth factors, and nucleic acids used for gene delivery or mRNA knockout can be absorbed or dissolved in nanoparticles. Liposomes and polymer nanoparticle delivery systems can target bacteria and specific host cells. Inorganic nanoparticles and nanocrystals have good antibacterial activity that can promote periodontal tissue regeneration and play an important role in bone regeneration and bone repair. Dendrimers have internal hydrophobic and external hydrophilic structures and are good drug carriers for periodontitis.

Influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on maternal breastfeeding for very low birth weight infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the changes in the rate and volume of mother's own milk (MOM) feeding for very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) hospitalized during the prevention and control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of the VLBWIs with a gestational age of <32 weeks who were born and admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. The changes in the rate and volume of MOM feeding for VLBWIs during hospitalization were examined.@*RESULTS@#A total of 301 VLBWIs were enrolled. According to the timing of COVID-19 outbreak, these infants were divided into a pre-CIVID-19 group with 205 VLBWIs and a post-COVID-19 group with 96 VLBWIs. Compared with the pre-CIVID-19 group, the post-COVID-19 group had a significantly lower rate of MOM feeding within 28 days after birth and during hospitalization (P<0.05), a significantly lower volume of MOM feeding within 0-7 days, 0-14 days, and 0-28 days after birth (P<0.05), and significantly higher incidence rates of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and feeding intolerance (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on MOM feeding for VLBWIs, and there are significant reductions in the rate and volume of MOM feeding for VLBWIs within 28 days after birth, as well as a significant reduction in the rate of MOM feeding during hospitalization.

Preadmission follow-up condition of neonates hospitalized due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics and influencing factors for follow-up compliance: a multicenter investigation / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the preadmission follow-up condition of neonates hospitalized due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics and the influencing factors for follow-up compliance.@*METHODS@#A multicenter retrospective case-control study was performed for the cases from the multicenter clinical database of 12 units in the Quality Improvement Clinical Research Cooperative Group of Neonatal Severe Hyperbilirubinemia in Jiangsu Province of China from January 2019 to April 2021. According to whether the follow-up of neonatal jaundice was conducted on time after discharge from the department of obstetrics, the neonates were divided into two groups: good follow-up compliance and poor follow-up compliance. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the influencing factors for follow-up compliance of the neonates before admission.@*RESULTS@#A total of 545 neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia were included in the study, with 156 neonates (28.6%) in the good follow-up compliance group and 389 (71.4%) in the poor follow-up compliance group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low gestational age at birth, ≥10% reduction in body weight on admission compared with birth weight, history of phototherapy of siblings, history of exchange transfusion of siblings, Rh(-) blood type of the mother, a higher educational level of the mother, the use of WeChat official account by medical staff to remind of follow-up before discharge from the department of obstetrics, and the method of telephone notification to remind of follow-up after discharge were associated with the increase in follow-up compliance (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Poor follow-up compliance is observed for the neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics, which suggests that it is necessary to further strengthen the education of jaundice to parents before discharge and improve the awareness of jaundice follow-up. It is recommended to remind parents to follow up on time by phone or WeChat official account.

Fibronectin FNDC10 promotes malignant biological behaviors of breast cancer cells by enhancing STAT3 activation / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of fibronectin Ⅲ domain containing protein 10 (FNDC10) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, and to primarily explore the mechanism. Methods: TCGA database was used to analyze the expression of FNDC10 in breast cancer tissues. The mRNA level of FNDC10 in normal immortalized breast cells (MCF-10A) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, BT549, MDA-MB-468, HCC1806, HCC1937) was detected by qPCR. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with FNDC10 siRNA or NC-siRNA for functional experiments. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of FNDC10 on the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Colony forming assay was used to detect the colony forming ability of breast cancer cells. Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of FNDC10 on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. WB was used to detect the changes of metastasis-related molecules and cell signaling pathways at protein level. Results:The expression of FNDC10 in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.01), and the expression level of FNDC10 in breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was higher than that in normal breast cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Knocking down FNDC10 expression inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The mechanism study showed that knockdown of FNDC10 expression inhibited STAT3 activation in breast cancer cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and enhanced the expression of EMT maker E-cadherin (P<0.05), leading to the suppression of EMT progression. Conclusion: FNDC10 promotes proliferation and EMT of breast cancer cells through activating STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby promoting the malignant progression of breast cancer.

Differences in the detection rates of depression and anxiety among middle school students in different time periods / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigates the prevalence of depression and anxiety among middle school students at different times, and to provide a reference for mental health promotion among adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 1 505 middle school students, selected from Chongqing in 2021 by using multi stage stratified random sampling method, were surveyed by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CSE-D) and Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).@*Results@#At the beginning of the semester, 434(27.6%) and 601 students( 38.2 %) reported depressive and anxiety symptoms,respectively. While at the end of the semester showed that 463 cases (30.8%) were prone to depression, and 653 cases ( 43.4 %) reported depressive and anxiety symptoms,respectively. The detection rate of depressive symptoms at the end of the semester was significantly higher than that at the beginning of semester. (43.4%, 38.2 %, χ 2=8.55, P <0.05). Depressive of female students at the end of the semester( 52.8 %) was higher than that at the beginning of the semester(46.3%)( χ 2=6.19, P <0.05) The detection rate of anxiety symptoms in senior high school students at the end of the semester(44.9%) was significantly higher than that of at the beginning of the semester(28.6%) ( χ 2= 43.33 , P <0.01). No significant difference in anxiety symptoms boys and junior high school students between the beginning and the end of the semester ( χ 2=2.34, 0.71, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Substantial changes are observed in anxiety symptoms among female middle school students and depressive and anxiety symptoms among high school students in different periods of a semester. When investigating depression and anxiety of middle school students, time effect should be considered.

Analysis of biolo artificial neural network in prediction of aerobic exercise index based on algorithm / Análise de rede neural artificial na predição do índice de exercício aeróbio baseada em algorítimo / Análisis de red neuronal artificial en la predicción del índice de ejercicio aeróbico

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the relationship between aerobic activity and cardiac autonomic nerve activity by artificial neural network algorithm and biological image fusion; because of the artificial neural network model (ANN) problems, biological image processing technology is introduced based on ANN. Methods: An Ann under biological image intelligence algorithm is proposed, a classifier suitable for electrocardiograph (ECG) screening is designed, and an ECG signal screening system is successfully established. Moreover, the data set of normal recovered ECG signals of the subjects during the experimental period is constructed, and a classifier is used to extract the characteristic data of a normal ECG signal during the experimental period. Results: The changes in resting heart rate and other physical health indicators are analyzed by combining resting physiological indicators, namely heart rate, body weight, body mass index and body fat rate. The results show that the self-designed classifier can efficiently process the ECG images, and long-term regular activities can improve the physical conditions of most people. Most subjects' body weight and body fat rate decrease with the extension of experiment time, and the resting heart rate decreases relatively. Conclusions: Certain indicators can be used to predict a person's dynamic physical health, which indicates that the experimental research of index prediction in this research has a good effect, which not only extends the application of artificial neural network but also lays a foundation for the research and implementation of ECG intelligent testing wearable devices. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Objetivo: Com o objetivo de estudar a relação entre atividade aeróbia e atividade nervosa autonômica cardíaca por algoritmo de rede neural artificial e fusão biológica de imagens, tendo em vista os problemas existentes no modelo de rede neural artificial (RNA), é introduzida a tecnologia de processamento biológico de imagens com base em ANN. Métodos: um algoritmo de inteligência biológica de imagem Ann é proposto, um classificador adequado para triagem eletrocardiográfica (ECG) é projetado e um sistema de triagem de sinal de ECG é estabelecido com sucesso. Além disso, o conjunto de dados de sinais de ECG normais recuperados dos sujeitos durante o período experimental é construído e um classificador é usado para extrair os dados característicos de um sinal de ECG normal durante o período experimental. Resultados: As alterações na frequência cardíaca em repouso e outros indicadores de saúde física são analisadas pela combinação de indicadores fisiológicos de repouso, a saber, frequência cardíaca, peso corporal, índice de massa corporal e índice de gordura corporal. Os resultados mostram que o classificador autodesenhado pode processar com eficiência as imagens de ECG, e as atividades regulares de longo prazo podem melhorar as condições físicas da maioria das pessoas. O peso corporal e a taxa de gordura corporal da maioria dos indivíduos diminuem com a extensão do tempo do experimento, e a freqüência cardíaca em repouso diminui relativamente. Conclusões: Certos indicadores podem ser usados para prever a saúde física dinâmica de uma pessoa, o que indica que a pesquisa experimental de predição de índice nesta pesquisa tem um bom efeito, que não apenas estende a aplicação da rede neural artificial, mas também estabelece uma base para a pesquisa e implementação de dispositivos vestíveis de teste inteligente de ECG. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Para estudiar la relación entre la actividad aeróbica y la actividad del nervio autónomo cardíaco mediante el algoritmo de red neuronal artificial y la fusión de imágenes biológicas, ante los problemas existentes en el modelo de red neuronal artificial (ANN), se introduce la tecnología de procesamiento de imágenes biológicas basada en ANA. Métodos: Se propone un algoritmo de inteligencia de imagen biológica de Ann, se diseña un clasificador adecuado para el cribado electrocardiógrafo (ECG) y se establece con éxito un sistema de cribado de señales de ECG. Además, se construye el conjunto de datos de las señales de ECG recuperadas normales de los sujetos durante el período experimental, y se utiliza un clasificador para extraer los datos característicos de una señal de ECG normal durante el período experimental. Resultados: Los cambios en la frecuencia cardíaca en reposo y otros indicadores de salud física se analizan combinando indicadores fisiológicos en reposo, a saber, frecuencia cardíaca, peso corporal, índice de masa corporal y tasa de grasa corporal. Los resultados muestran que el clasificador de diseño propio puede procesar de manera eficiente las imágenes de ECG, y las actividades regulares a largo plazo pueden mejorar las condiciones físicas de la mayoría de las personas. El peso corporal y la tasa de grasa corporal de la mayoría de los sujetos disminuyen con la extensión del tiempo del experimento, y la frecuencia cardíaca en reposo disminuye relativamente. Conclusiones: Ciertos indicadores pueden usarse para predecir la salud física dinámica de una persona, lo que indica que la investigación experimental de predicción de índices en esta investigación tiene un buen efecto, lo que no solo extiende la aplicación de la red neuronal artificial sino que también sienta las bases para la investigación. e implementación de dispositivos portátiles de prueba inteligente de ECG. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Observation on the effect of adoptive immunotherapy with activated autologous lymphocytes in the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：评价活化自体淋巴细胞过继性免疫治疗（adoptive immunotherapy，AIT）是否有助于改善原发性肝细胞癌的临床疗效。方法：选取2016年8月至2018年12月在中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心确诊的64例原发性肝细胞癌患者，通过分层随机法分为免疫治疗组（n=29）和对照组（n=35）。免疫治疗组患者取60 ml外周血分离制备单个核细胞并在含OKT-3和IL-2的培养基中活化培养，回输前进行质控检测。免疫治疗组中的Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者（n=14）于一线治疗后接受自体淋巴细胞输注（3个月内输注6次），Ⅳ期患者（n=15）仅接受自体淋巴细胞输注；对照组患者接受肝细胞癌相关的其他治疗。疗效评估的主要终点是2年无复发生存（relapse-free survival，RFS）率，次要终点为无进展生存期（progression-free survival，PFS）和总生存期（overall survival，OS）。结果：入组患者中位随访时间为2.8年（0.2~4.2年）。免疫治疗组29名患者共接受了167次（计划174次，完成率96%）预定淋巴细胞输注（平均每人次回输9.30×109个细胞，其中CD3+HLA-DR细胞约占63%），治疗期间未观察到3级或4级不良反应发生。与对照组相比，免疫治疗组患者2年RFS率显著升高（62.1% vs 22.9%，OR=0.181，95%CI：0.06~0.54，P=0.002），中位PFS（28 vs 8个月，P=0.004）和中位OS（38 vs 34个月，P=0.915）均显著延长。在Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者中，免疫治疗组（n=14）2年RFS率较对照组（n=18）显著升高（92.9% vs 33.3%，OR=0.38，95%CI：0.004~0.368，P=0.005），中位PFS明显延长（38 vs 14.5个月，P=0.005），而两组OS间无显著差异；Ⅳ期患者两组间PFS（P=0.077）及OS（P=0.994）均未见显著差异。结论：活化自体淋巴细胞AIT为安全可行的肝细胞癌辅助性治疗方法，可提高Ⅰ~Ⅲ期肝细胞癌一线治疗后RFS率、延长患者RFS时间，而对进展期肝细胞癌患者的PFS和OS无明显影响。

Influence of twin pregnancy by assisted reproductive technology on neonatal outcomes / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the influence of twin pregnancy by assisted reproductive technology (ART) versus twin pregnancy by spontaneous conception (SC) on neonatal outcomes.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 3 356 live twins with a gestational age of ≥24 weeks who were born in Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2017 to 2019, with 2 006 twins (1 003 pairs) in the ART group and 1 350 (675 pairs) in the SC group. The two groups were compared in terms of the mother's general information and pregnancy comorbidities and the general information, diseases, and outcomes of neonates.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the SC group, the ART group had a significantly higher maternal age (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with twin pregnancy by SC, twin pregnancy by ART does not increase the neonatal mortality rate and risk of adverse outcomes.

Association of early nutrition deficiency with the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a Meta analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To systematically evaluate the association of early nutrition intake with the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).@*METHODS@#PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and Weipu Periodical Database were searched for the observational studies on the association between early nutrition intake and BPD. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform a Meta analysis of eligible studies.@*RESULTS@#Eight observational studies were included, with 548 infants with BPD and 522 infants without BPD. The Meta analysis showed that the BPD group had a significantly lower caloric intake than the non-BPD group within the first week after birth and in the first 2 weeks after birth (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early nutrition deficiency may be associated with the development of BPD, and more attention should be paid to enteral feeding of infants at a high risk of BPD to achieve total enteral feeding as soon as possible.

Clinical features of preterm infants with a birth weight less than 1 500 g undergoing different intensities of resuscitation: a multicenter retrospective analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical features of preterm infants with a birth weight less than 1 500 g undergoing different intensities of resuscitation.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the preterm infants with a birth weight less than 1 500 g and a gestational age less than 32 weeks who were treated in the neonatal intensive care unit of 20 hospitals in Jiangsu, China from January 2018 to December 2019. According to the intensity of resuscitation in the delivery room, the infants were divided into three groups:non-tracheal intubation (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the non-tracheal intubation group, the tracheal intubation and ECPR groups had significantly lower rates of cesarean section and use of antenatal corticosteroid (@*CONCLUSIONS@#For preterm infants with a birth weight less than 1 500 g, the higher intensity of resuscitation in the delivery room is related to lower rate of antenatal corticosteroid therapy, lower gestational age, and lower birth weight. The infants undergoing tracheal intubation or ECRP in the delivery room have an increased incidence rate of adverse clinical outcomes. This suggests that it is important to improve the quality of perinatal management and delivery room resuscitation to improve the prognosis of the infants.

A multicenter retrospective study on survival rate and complications of very preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the survival rate and the incidence of complications of very preterm infants and the factors influencing the survival rate and the incidence of complications.@*METHODS@#The medical data of the very preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology in 11 hospitals of Jiangsu Province in China from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Their survival rate and the incidence of serious complications were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for death and serious complications in very preterm infants.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2 339 very preterm infants were enrolled, among whom 2 010 (85.93%) survived and 1 507 (64.43%) survived without serious complications. The groups with a gestational age of 22-25@*CONCLUSIONS@#The survival rate is closely associated with gestational age in very preterm infants. A low 1-minute Apgar score (≤3) may increase the risk of death in very preterm infants, while high gestational age, high birth weight, and prenatal use of glucocorticoids are associated with the reduced risk of death. A low 5-minute Apgar score (≤3) and maternal chorioamnionitis may increase the risk of serious complications in these infants, while high gestational age and high birth weight may reduce the risk of serious complications.

Distribution of Chinese traditional villages and influencing factors for regionalization / Distribuição das aldeias tradicionais chinesas e fatores de influência para a regionalização

ABSTRACT: Traditional Villages (TVs) are typical and representative of the agricultural civilization in millions of Chinese villages. The distribution of TVs shows spatial heterogeneity, based on the complexity and diversity of several influencing factors. In this study, 6,819 Chinese TVs were identified and the influencing factors that affect their distribution were screened in terms of three indicator groups: climatic, geographic, and humanity-related factors. Additionally, the K-means clustering algorithm clustered the TVs into different distribution regions. The quantitative relationships between the dominant influencing factors of different distribution regions were revealed to ensure a lucid understanding of the regional distribution of TVs. The results indicated that 1) climatic factors have the greatest impact on the spatial distribution of TVs, followed by geographic factors, particularly the elevation, and then by human factors, of which ethnic distribution played a relatively important role. 2) Twenty-one TV clustering distributions were obtained, which were classified into eight regions of TV distribution with different dominant influencing factors. Management and protective strategies were formulated based on the attribute analysis of influencing factors in each region. The obtained results delineated homogeneous TV distribution regions via the clustering method to achieve an accurate statistical analysis of the influencing factors. This study proposes a new perspective and reference for managing and protecting the diversity, continuity, and integrity of TVs across administrative regions.

RESUMO: As aldeias tradicionais (TVs) são típicas e representativas da civilização agrícola em milhões de comunidades chinesas. A distribuição das TVs mostra heterogeneidade espacial, baseada na complexidade e diversidade de diversos fatores influenciadores. Neste estudo, 6.819 TVs chinesas foram identificadas e os fatores que influenciam sua distribuição foram analisados em termos de três grupos de indicadores: fatores climáticos, geográficos e relacionados à humanidade. Além disso, o algoritmo de agrupamento K-means agrupou as TVs em diferentes regiões de distribuição. As relações quantitativas entre os fatores de influência dominantes de diferentes regiões de distribuição foram reveladas para garantir uma compreensão lúcida da distribuição regional de TVs. Os resultados indicam que 1) os fatores climáticos têm maior impacto na distribuição espacial das TVs, seguidos dos geográficos, em particular da elevação, e depois dos humanos, nos quais a distribuição étnica teve um papel relativamente importante; 2) foram obtidas as vinte e uma distribuições de agrupamento de TV, as quais foram classificadas em oito regiões de distribuição de TV com diferentes fatores de influência dominante. Estratégias de manejo e proteção foram formuladas com base na análise de atributos dos fatores influenciadores de cada região. Os resultados obtidos delinearam regiões homogêneas de distribuição de TV por meio do método de agrupamento para obter uma análise estatística precisa dos fatores de influência. Este estudo propõe uma nova perspectiva e referência para a gestão e proteção da diversidade, continuidade e integridade das TVs nas regiões administrativas.

Morphological changes in the midface of Beagle dogs treated by trans-sutural distraction / Cambios morfológicos en la cara media de perros Beagle tratados por distracción trans-sutural

Trans-sutural distraction is a biological process that induces the formation of new bone and changes the position of bone by pulling on growing suture under the action of external forces. Currently, therapy to midfacial hypoplasia treated by trans-sutural distraction has been applied. In this study, Beagle dogs were selected as experimental animals, and a traction device designed by ourselves was applied to Beagle dogs to simulate the treatment process of trans-sutural distraction in human face, so as to provide a basis for the subsequent research on the related mechanism of trans-sutural distraction. The objective is that the animal model can provide the basis for the follow-up study of transsutural distraction. 45 month beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups 3 in experiment group and 3 in control group. Implant nails were implanted as the bone marker in the bilateral zygomatic temporal suture, zygomandibular maxillary suture and palatine transverse suture in experimental group. The traction of the maxilla was carried out by the external cranial traction frame with canine fossa as bearing point, 800g force each side, elastic traction for 15 days. The control group only implanted the implant nail as the bone marker on both sides of the bone suture. The distance between two implant nails was measured by vernier calipers and X-ray examination, compared with preoperative and postoperative changes. X-ray and cephalometric measurements were used to measure change in the cranial basal angle. HE staining was used to observe the width of the bone seams, the morphology and structure of the cells and the tissue of the new bone under the phase contrast microscope. Then descriptive statistical analysis and t-test between two independent samples are carried out for the measurement data. The experimental group had a good retention of the beagle traction frame. In the experimental group, the maxillaries of dogs were protrudent in the process of traction gradually and the occlusal relationship changed to type II malocclusion. When the traction is 15 days, the coverage distance is about 8~9 mm. Before and after the traction, the distance between landmark points indicated that the spacing between the transverse palatine suture was the largest (experimental group: 5.52±0.19 mm control group 1.31±0.06 mm P<0.05), and zygomaticotemporal suture was the second (experimental group: 3.12±0.15 mm, control group 0.73±0.04 mm, P<0.05), and zygomaticomaxillary suture was less (experimental group: 2.60±0.34 mm, control group 0.53±0.05 mm, P<0.05). The cranial basal angle was no change before and after operation (controlgroup: 32.3±1.3°, experimental group: 33.2±1.1° P>0.05. Histology showed that the collagenous fibers in the suture of the control group were denser and the osteoblasts were visible on the edge of the suture, showing osteogenic activity. The experimental group significantly widened suture (experimental group: 1209.388±42.714 µm, control group 248.276±22.864 µm, P<0.05), the number of fibroblasts increased significantly with loose collagen fiber. The direction of cell and fiber arrangement were parallel to the traction force. There were many small blood vessels and marrow cavities, and the bone trabecula around the bone suture was thin (experimental group: 23.684±3.774 mm, control group: 86.810±9.219 mm, P < 0.05), showing active osteogenic activity. The growing beagle dog can be used to establish a suture traction animal model for experimental study. In the experiment, Kirschner wire was used to penetrate the bottom plane of the piriform hole of the maxilla (about the position of the canine fossa at the back) and the traction direction was basically the same as the growth direction, and the maxilla was basically parallel and moved forward.

La distracción trans-sutural es un proceso biológico que induce la formación de hueso nuevo y cambia la posición del éste al tirar de la sutura en crecimiento bajo la acción de fuerzas externas. Actualmente, se ha aplicado la terapia para la hipoplasia de la cara media tratada por distracción trans-sutural. En este estudio, fueron seleccionados perros Beagle como animales experimentales, y un dispositivo de tracción fue instalado a los perros para simular el proceso de tratamiento de la distracción trans-sutural en el rostro humano. El objetivo fue proporcionar una base para la investigación posterior sobre mecanismos relacionados con la distracción trans-sutural. El modelo animal puede proporcionar la base para este tipo de estudio de seguimiento de la distracción trans-sutural. Perros Beagle de 45 meses de edad se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos: 3 en el grupo experimental y 3 en el grupo control. Los clavos de implante se usaron como marcadores óseos en la sutura temporal cigomática bilateral, la sutura maxilar cigomandibular y en la sutura transversal palatina en el grupo experimental. La tracción del maxilar se realizó mediante el marco de tracción craneal externo con fosa canina como punto de apoyo, 800 g de fuerza a cada lado, tracción elástica durante 15 días. En el grupo control solo se implantó el clavo del implante como marcador óseo en ambos lados de la sutura. La distancia entre dos clavos de implante se midió mediante calibradores de vernier y examen de rayos X, en comparación con los cambios preoperatorios y postoperatorios. Se utilizaron mediciones cefalométricas y de rayos X para medir el cambio en el ángulo basal craneal. La tinción con HE se usó para observar el ancho de las suturas óseas, la morfología y la estructura de las células y el tejido del hueso nuevo bajo el microscopio de contraste de fase. Luego se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo y una prueba t entre dos muestras independientes para los datos de medición. El grupo experimental tuvo una buena retención del cuadro de tracción del Beagle. En el grupo experimental, los maxilares de los perros sobresalieron gradualmente en el proceso de tracción y la relación oclusal cambió a maloclusión tipo II. Cuando la tracción era de 15 días, la distancia de cobertura fue de aproximadamente 8 ~ 9 mm. Antes y después de la tracción, la distancia entre los puntos de referencia indicaba que el espacio entre la sutura palatina transversal era más grande (grupo experimental: 5,52 ± 0,19 mm, grupo de control 1,31 ± 0,06 mm, P <0,05), y la sutura cigomáticotemporal fue la segunda. (Grupo experimental: 3,12 ± 0,15 mm, grupo control 0,73 ± 0,04 mm, P <0,05), y la sutura cigomaticomaxilar fue menor (grupo experimental, 2,60 ± 0,34 mm, grupo control 0,53 ± 0,05 mm, P <0,05). El ángulo basal craneal no cambió antes ni después de la operación (grupo control 32,3 ± 1,3, grupo experimental, 33,2 ± 1,1 ° , P> 0,05). La histología mostró que las fibras colágenas en la sutura del grupo control eran más densas y los osteoblastos se observaron en el margen de la sutura, mostrando actividad osteogénica. En el grupo experimental se amplió significativamente la sutura (1209,388 ± 42,714 µm, grupo control 248,276 ± 22,864 µm, P <0,05), el número de fibroblastos aumentó significativamente con fibras colágenas dispersas. La dirección de la disposición de la celda y las fibras era paralela a la fuerza de tracción. Se observó gran cantidad de vasos sanguíneos pequeños, cavidades medulares, y trabéculas óseas alrededor de la sutura ósea (grupo experimental: 23,684 ± 3,774 mm, grupo control: 86,810 ± 9,219 mm, P <0,05), que mostró actividad osteogénica activa. El perro Beagle en crecimiento se puede utilizar para estudios experimentales y así establecer un modelo animal de tracción de sutura. En el proceso, se usó alambre de Kirschner para penetrar en el plano inferior del foramen piriforme del maxilar (aproximadamente en la posición de la fosa canina en la parte posterior) y la dirección de tracción fue básicamente la misma que en el crecimiento.

Expert consensus on marsupialization of cystic lesions of the jaw / 口腔疾病防治

@#Marsupialization is effective in the treatment of cystic lesions of the jaw. It is a simple operation that can result in minimal trauma, the reduction of postoperative recurrence, and maximum preservation of the surrounding tissue structure and function. However, there is a certain failure rate in clinical treatment due to the improper grasp of indications and nonstandard operation. The highest failure rate reported in the literature is 32.6%. To further standardize the clinical application of marsupialization and improve the success rate of treatment, we put forward an expert consensus of marsupialization in the treatment of jaw cystic lesions by reviewing the domestic and foreign literature and summarizing the experience in marsupialization from some famous domestic experts. In this consensus, we propose three elements of marsupialization: the establishment of the opening, the maintenance of cyst plugs and regular washing. The scope of application of marsupialization includes jaw cysts and cystic ameloblastomas. It is necessary to standardize the position of the opening, the size of the opening and the manufacture of the cyst plug, and a panoramic film or cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) should be used to observe the changes in the cystic cavity before and after operation. A second-stage operation should be performed when the lesion is significantly reduced by more than 50% or at least 5 mm from important structures; furthermore, the teeth of focus should be treated according to the relationship between the lesion and tooth and the type of tooth.

An investigation of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in 13 hospitals of Jiangsu Province, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the incidence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and the management on the treatment and follow-up of this disease in Jiangsu Province, China.@*METHODS@#The neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia who were admitted to 13 hospitals in Jiangsu Province from January to December, 2018, were enrolled as subjects. A retrospective analysis was performed on their mediacal data and follow-up data.@*RESULTS@#In 2018, 740 neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia were reported from the 13 hospitals in Jiangsu Province, accounting for 2.70% (740/27 386) of the total number of neonates admitted to the department of neonatology. Among these neonates, 620 (83.8%) had severe hyperbilirubinemia, 106 (14.3%) had extremely severe hyperbilirubinemia, and 14 (1.9%) had hazardous hyperbilirubinemia. Four neonates (0.5%) were diagnosed with acute bilirubin encephalopathy. A total of 484 neonates (65.4%) were readmitted due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the delivery institution, with a median age of 7 days, among whom 214 (44.2%) were followed up for jaundice at the outpatient service before readmission, with a median age of 6 days at the first time of outpatient examination. During hospitalization, 211 neonates (28.5%) underwent cranial MRI examinations, among whom 85 (40.3%) had high T1WI signal in the bilateral basal ganglia and the globus pallidus; 238 neonates (32.2%) underwent brainstem auditory evoked potential examinations, among whom 14 (5.9%) passed only at one side and 7 (2.9%) failed at both sides. The 17 neonates with acute bilirubin encephalopathy or hazardous hyperbilirubinemia were followed up. Except one neonate was lost to follow-up, and there were no abnormal neurological symptoms in the other neonates.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia account for a relatively high proportion of the total number of neonates in the department of neonatology. Jaundice monitoring and management after discharge from delivery institutions need to be strengthened. For neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia, relevant examinations should be carried out more comprehensively during hospitalization and these neonates should be followed up comprehensively and systematically after discharge.

Genome-wide characterization of the abscisic acid-, stress- and ripening-induced (ASR) gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L)

BACKGROUND: Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) genes are a class of plant specific transcription factors (TFs), which play important roles in plant development, growth and abiotic stress responses. The wheat ASRs have not been described in genome-wide yet. METHODS: We predicted the transmembrane regions and subcellular localization using the TMHMM server, and Plant-mPLoc server and CELLO v2.5, respectively. Then the phylogeny tree was built by MEGA7. The exon-intron structures, conserved motifs and TFs binding sites were analyzed by GSDS, MEME program and PlantRegMap, respectively. RESULTS: In wheat, 33ASR genes were identified through a genome-wide survey and classified into six groups. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the TaASR proteins in the same group tightly clustered together, compared with those from other species. Duplication analysis indicated that the TaASR gene family has expanded mainly through tandem and segmental duplication events. Similar gene structures and conserved protein motifs of TaASRs in wheat were identified in the same groups. ASR genes contained various TF binding cites associated with the stress responses in the promoter region. Gene expression was generally associated with the expected group-specific expression pattern in five tissues, including grain, leaf, root, spike and stem, indicating the broad conservation of ASR genes function during wheat evolution. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that several ASRs were up-regulated in response to NaCl and PEG stress. CONCLUSION: We identified ASR genes in wheat and found that gene duplication events are the main driving force for ASR gene evolution in wheat. The expression of wheat ASR genes was modulated in responses to multiple abiotic stresses, including drought/osmotic and salt stress. The results provided important information for further identifications of the functions of wheat ASR genes and candidate genes for high abiotic stress tolerant wheat breeding.

CRS after CAR-T therapy: mechanism of occurrence and clinical treatment / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) targeting CD19 has made significant progress in the treatment of B cell malignancies. FDA has approved two CD19 CAR-T therapeutic products. With the development in the clinical and mechanism research of immunotherapy (CAR-T, bispecific T-cell engager [BiTE]), dual affinity re-targeting [DART], and genetically modified T cell receptorT cell [TCR-T]), its potential risks and side effects have been more widely recognized, especially cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS is currently the most common complication after CAR-T treatment and can be life-threatening in severe cases. Moreover, the pathophysiological process of CRS is complex, involving a variety of immune cells and non-immune cells, and can affect whole body organs. Elucidating the mechanisms of CRS development is of great significance to improve the safety of CAR-T therapy. In recent years, researchers have conducted study in animal models to illustrate the mechanisms of CRS more deeply. This review discusses the development, pathophysiological mechanisms, animal models, clinical features, and graded treatments of CRS, aiming to provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of CRS and improve the safety of CAR-T therapy.