A retrospective study of micro-implant anchorage in the upper posterior region to improve gummy smiles / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To analyze the ability of micro-implant nails placed in different locations in the posterior region to improve the hard and soft tissues of the labiodental region in patients with gummy smiles to provide a reference for clinicians.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Thirty young female patients with anterior tooth protrusions and gummy smiles were included in the retrospective study; 18 patients had micro-implant nails implanted between the premolars (group A), and 12 patients had implant nails placed between the roots of the premolar and the molar and an intraoperatively placed rocking-chair archwire (group B). The preoperative and postoperative distances from the incisal end of the upper mesial incisors to the lower point of the upper lip (U1-Stms), the vertical distance from the incisal end of the upper mesial incisors to the palatal plane (U1-PP), the vertical distance from the point of the alveolar ridge to the palatal plane (Spr-PP), the distance from the incisal end of the upper mesial incisors to the point of the alveolar margin (U1-Spr), and the vertical distance from the point of the proximal middle buccal cusp of the maxillary first molar to the palatal plane of the maxillary first molar (U6-PP) were measured in the cephalometric lateral radiographs of the two groups; additionally, the amount of hard and soft tissues of the upper anterior region exposedduring smiling and the maximum amount of gingiva exposed during smiling were assessed from the smile photograph.@*Results@#After correction, the lip-dentition relationship improved significantly in both groups, with an average reduction of 2.6 mm in U1-Stms, 2.4 mm in U1-PP, 1.4 mm in Spr-PP, and 0.9 mm in U1-Spr in Group A. In group B, the U1-Stms was reduced by an average of 2.3 mm, the U1-PPs by an average of 1.6 mm, the Spr-PPs by 1.4 mm, and the U1-Spr by 0.2 mm. The difference between pre- and postoperative U6-PP in both groups was not significant (P>0.05). Group A had greater ∆U1-PP and ∆U1-Spr changes than group B(P<0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of ∆U1-Stms or ∆Spr-PP (P>0.05). The amount of soft and hard tissue exposed and maximum amount of gingiva exposed in the upper anterior region of the smile were reduced in 30 patients postoperatively, with group A having anaverage reduction of 70.19% of the preoperative amount of soft and hard tissue exposed in the upper anterior region and an average reduction of 24.12% of the preoperative maximum amount of gingiva exposed, and group B having an average reduction of 76.12% of the preoperative amount of hard and soft tissue exposed in the upper anterior region and an average reduction of 31.88% of the preoperative maximum gingiva exposed after the operation. The difference in the ratio between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#For patients with proptosis and gummy smiles, placing micro-implant nails between the roots of maxillary premolars can effectively lead to retraction and intrusion of anterior teeth to improve the lip-dentition relationship and improve gummy smile, and placing micro-implant nails between the roots of the maxillary second premolar and the first molar together with the use of rocking chair arches can also achieve a good therapeutic effect.

Disc repositioning surgery combined with orthodontic treatment of patients with temporomandibular disorders and facial asymmetry: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of disc repositioning surgery combined with orthodontic treatment in patients with temporomandibular disorder and facial asymmetry.@*Methods@#One patient who underwent disc repositioning surgery combined with orthodontic treatment for temporomandibular joint disorder and facial asymmetry was reported. Preoperatively, the patient had a skewed shape of the opening, mild pressure pain in the right preauricular region with left mandibular deviation, and a mismatch between the width of the upper and lower dental arches. In the arthrosurgery department, bilateral temporomandibular disc replacement and anchorage were performed through a transauricular incision, and an auxiliary splint was worn to stabilize the jaw position for 6 months. In the orthopedic department, maxillary skeletal expansion was used in combination with the multiloop edgewise archwire technique to reconstruct the occlusion after 16 months of orthodontic treatment.@*Results@#The deviation was corrected by wearing an occlusal splint for six months after joint repositioning and anchoring; moreover, the pain symptoms disappeared, and the cone beam CT examination showed that the bilateral temporomandibular joint space was uniformly enlarged, the lower alveolar ridge midline deviated to the right, the posterior regions of the teeth were bilaterally inverted, and the anterior region and the posterior region of the left side were open. The orthodontic treatment matched the width of the upper and lower dental arches and established the cuspal molar neutrality relationship and the normal overjet coverage of the anterior teeth; additionally, the mandibular position was not obviously skewed. A review of the results of the related literature shows that abnormal occlusal relationships, such as mismatched arch width and skewed occlusal plane, can cause adaptive mandibular deviation, which can lead to the occurrence of TMD. Temporomandibular joint disc anchorage with splint treatment can effectively improve maxillofacial deformity in young TMD patients. After the establishment of a stable, physiologically functional disc-condylar relationship, orthodontic treatment is required to remove the interfering factors to rebuild the occlusion, and long-term postoperative review and follow-up are needed.@*Conclusion@#In patients with TMD and mandibular accommodative deviation due to occlusal anomalies, establishing a normal disc-condylar relationship and eliminating occlusal interference through disc repositioning surgery combined with orthodontic treatment can effectively improve facial shape and establish a stable jaw position.

Rapid development and mass production of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing chicken egg yolk antibodies with protective efficacy in hamsters

Despite the record speed of developing vaccines and therapeutics against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it is not a given that such success can be secured in future pandemics. In addition, COVID-19 vaccination and application of therapeutics remain low in developing countries. Rapid and low cost mass production of antiviral IgY antibodies could be an attractive alternative or complementary option for vaccine and therapeutic development. In this article, we rapidly produced SARS-CoV-2 antigens, immunized hens and purified IgY antibodies in 2 months after the SARS-CoV-2 gene sequence became public. We further demonstrated that the IgY antibodies competitively block RBD binding to ACE2, neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus and effectively protect hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge by preventing weight loss and lung pathology, representing the first comprehensive study with IgY antibodies. The process of mass production can be easily implemented in most developing countries and hence could become a new vital option in our toolbox for combating viral pandemics. This study could stimulate further studies, optimization and potential applications of IgY antibodies as therapeutics and prophylactics for human and animals.

Characteristics of viral shedding in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 during difference stages / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 is a continuous dynamic process, which can be divided into latent stage, initial stage, peak stage and decreasing stage according to the characteristics of viral shedding. After being infected with SARS-CoV-2, the infected person generally stays in the latent period for 1-3 days, which is characterized by continuous negative nucleic acid test results and no infectiousness, and the risk of infection for close contacts is very low. At the initial stage of viral shedding is characterized by a rapid decline in the Ct value of nucleic acid tests in a short time, and clinical symptoms gradually appear. The infectiousness of the infected person gradually increases during this period, and the risk of infection for close contacts also gradually increases, but it is still in the early stage of infection, the possibility of viral shedding is low, and the risk of infection of secondary close contacts is low. The peak of viral shedding is characterized by low Ct value in nucleic acid test and obvious clinical symptoms; during this period, the infected person is the most infectious, and the risk of infection of the contact is the highest, so the scope of close contacts should be expanded appropriately. The decreasing period is characterized by the gradual increase of Ct value of nucleic acid test and the gradual disappearance of clinical symptoms; during this period, the infectiousness of the infected person gradually decreases to disappear. In an outbreak, an infected person in the decreasing phase is more likely to be an early infected person in the transmission chain. If infected individuals in the decreasing phase are found in an area without a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, it suggests that the local outbreak epidemic has been spreading for some time and may be larger in scale. According to the characteristics of viral shedding, risk personnel can be determined more scientifically and accurately, so as to minimize the risk and reduce the waste of epidemic prevention resources.

Nutritional status on vitamin A, vitamin D and its relation with height among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas of Enshi from 2012 to 2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the status of physical development, vitamin A and vitamin D among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas in Hubei, to evaluate the implementation effectiveness of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (abbreviated to the program) from 2012 to 2021.@*Methods@#In Enshi City, a pilot monitoring county of the program in Hubei, and a total of 2 554 students from one primary school and one junior middle school were randomly selected. During September to October in 2012-2021, height was measured, and fasting venous blood was collected from students, and serum vitamin A and vitamin D were detected.@*Results@#From 2012 to 2021, height, serum vitamin A and serum vitamin D concentration increased by 2.7 cm, 96.7 μg/L and 8.6 ng/mL. Growth retardation rate decreased by 1.0%. The subclinical and clinical deficiency of serum vitamin A decreased by 37.3% and 6.2%. The subclinical and clinical deficiency of serum vitamin D decreased by 45.7% and 8.5%. Height was positively correlated with serum vitamin A status and negatively correlated with serum vitamin D status ( r =0.08,-0.08, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The pilot counties of the program in Enshi, has witnessed improvement in height, serum vitamin A and vitamin D status among primary and secondary students. However, future efforts remains essential as subclinical deficiency of vitamin A and vitamin D are noted in some students. Serum vitamin A is positively associated with height, and vitamin D is negatively associated with height.Considering the correlation between serum vitamin A and vitamin D status with height, continued efforts should be implemented in poor rural areasto strengthen targeted nutrition intervention for students in Hubei.

Spatial distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water of rural schools in Henan Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To evaluate health risks of five heavy metals in drinking water of rural schools in Henan Province, so as to provide scientific basis for drinking water safety in rural schools.@*Methods@#Totally 1 269 drinking water samples were collected and analyzed for five heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr 6+ , Pb, Hg) concentration in 106 cities and counties of Henan Province, and its spatial distribution characteristics were explored by geographic information system (GIS). Risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) was applied to evaluate health risks from five heavy metals through oral ingestion.@*Results@#The qualified rate of As concentration was 100%, and the qualified rates of Cd, Cr 6+ , Pb and Hg were 99.9% , 99.9%, 99.5%, 99.6%. The highest carcinogenic risk was As (3.05×10 -5 ), followed by Cr 6+ (2.73×10 -5 ), and the highest non carcinogenic risk was As (0.158 3), followed by Pb(0.041 7). The carcinogenic risk and non carcinogenic risk were all higher in girls than boys. The carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks were differences in different regions( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Health risks of five heavy metals in drinking water for rural schools in Henan Province were within the acceptable risk level recommended by EPA. As, Cr 6+ and Pb were the main health risk factors in drinking water, and that might impact negatively the healthy growth of primary and middle school students. These should be future efforts of drinking water safety management.

Crosstalk between the JAK2 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease targeted by baricitinib

Abstract Background and objective Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune-mediated rheumatic disease characterized by fibrosis and vascular lesions. Interstitial lung disease is an early complication of SSc and the main cause of death from SSc. Although baricitinib shows good efficacy in a variety of connective tissue diseases, its role in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is unclear. The objective of our study was to explore the effect and mechanism of baricitinib in SSc-ILD. Methods We explored crosstalk between the JAK2 and TGF-β1 pathways. In vivo experiments, SSc-ILD mice model were constructed by subcutaneous injection of PBS or bleomycin (7.5 mg/kg) and intragastric administration of 0.5% CMC-Na or baricitinib (5 mg/kg) once every two days. We used ELISA, qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate the degree of fibrosis. In vitro experiments, we used TGF-β1 and baricitinib to stimulate human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFLs) and assessed protein expression by western blot. Results The vivo experiments showed that baricitinib notably alleviated skin and lung fibrosis, decreased the concentration of pro-inflammatory factors and increased those of the anti-inflammatory factors. Baricitinib affected the expression of TGF-β1 and TβRI/II inhibitiing JAK2. In the vitro experiments, following the culture of HFLs with baricitinib or a STAT3 inhibitor for 48 h, the expression levels of TβRI/II decreased. Conversely, with successful inhibition of TGF-β receptors in HFLs, JAK2 protein expression decreased. Conclusions Baricitinib attenuated bleomycin-induced skin and lung fibrosis in SSc-ILD mice model by targeting JAK2 and regulating of the crosstalk between the JAK2 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways.

Baricitinib improves pulmonary fibrosis in mice with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease by inhibiting the Jak2/ Stat3 signaling pathway

Abstract Objective The study explored improvements in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a bovine type II collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mouse model after treatment with baricitinib and the possible mechanism of action. Methods A rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mouse model was established, siRNA Jak2 and lentiviral vectors were transfected with human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. And the levels of relevant proteins in mouse lung tissue and human embryonic lung fibroblasts were detected by Western blotting. Results The levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, SMA, TGFβR2, FN and COL4 were increased in the lung tissues of model mice (P < 0.5) and decreased after baricitinib intervention (P < 0.05). The expression levels of p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, SMA, TGFβR2, FN and COL4 were reduced after siRNA downregulation of the JAK2 gene (P < 0.01) and increased after lentiviral overexpression of the JAK2 gene (P < 0.01). Conclusion Baricitinib alleviated fibrosis in the lung tissue of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mice, and the mechanism of action may involve the downregulation of Smad3 expression via inhibition of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway, with consequent inhibition of the profibrotic effect of transforming growth factor-β1.

Braided stent-assisted coil embolization versus laser engraved stent-assisted coil embolization in patients with unruptured complex intracranial aneurysms

Abstract Purposes: Braided and laser-cut stents both are efficacious and safe for coiling intracranial aneurysms. The study aimed to compare outcomes following braided stent-assisted coil embolization versus laser engraved stent-assisted coil embolization in 266 patients who were diagnosed with unruptured intracranial aneurysms of different types and locations. Methods: Patients with unruptured complex intracranial aneurysms underwent braided (BSE cohort, n = 125) or laser engraved (LSE cohort, n = 141) stent-assisted embolization. Results: The deployment success rate was higher for patients of the LSE cohort than those of the BSE cohort (140 [99%] vs. 117 [94%], p = 0.0142). Seventy-one (fifty-seven percentages) and 73 (52%) were coil embolization procedure success rates of the BSE and the LSE cohorts. Periprocedural intracranial hemorrhage was higher in patients of the BSE cohort than those of the LSE cohort (8 [6%] vs. 1 [1%], p = 0.0142). Four (three percentages) patients from the LSE cohort and 3 (2%) patients from the BSE cohort had in-stent thrombosis during embolization. Permanent morbidities were higher in patients of the LSE cohort than those of the BSE cohort (8 [6%] vs. 1 [1%], p = 0.0389). Higher successful procedures (76% vs. 68%) and fewer postprocedural intracranial hemorrhage (0% vs. 5%) and mortality (0% vs. 5%) were reported for patients of the BSE cohort in posterior circulation aneurysmal location than those of the LSE cohort. Laser engraved stent has fewer problems with deployment and may have better periprocedural and follow-up outcomes after embolization. Conclusions: Braided stent-assisted embolization should be preferred when the aneurysm is present in the posterior circulation.

Study on spinal curvature changes in kung fu practitioners / Estudo sobre as mudanças de curvatura da coluna vertebral dos praticantes de kung fu / Estudio sobre los cambios de curvatura de la columna vertebral en practicantes de kung fu

ABSTRACT Introduction Kung fu exercise has a significant effect in treating lumbar disc herniation, effectively meeting the internal and external circulation of the human body functional system, the lumbar intervertebral disc movement function can be effectively repaired. Objective analyze and explore the effect of kung fu rehabilitation on symptoms of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Methods 85 patients with lumbar disc herniation were randomly divided into a control and a kung fu group. Results The comparison between the martial arts group before and after the experiment showed a very significant difference (p<0.05); there was no significant difference in the control group. The total effective rate in the kung fu group was 97.67%, and the relapse rate was 2.33%. The total effective rate of the control group was 90.48%, and the relapse rate was 21.43%. Conclusions Kung fu exercise is beneficial for the relaxation of waist muscles, relieves muscle tone, increases muscle strength, may improve clinical symptoms and signs of lumbar disc herniation. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução O exercício de kung fu tem um efeito significativo no tratamento da hérnia discal lombar, atendendo efetivamente à circulação interna e externa do sistema funcional corporal humano, a função de movimento do disco intervertebral lombar pode ser efetivamente reparada. Objetivo Analisar e explorar o efeito de reabilitação com kung fu nos sintomas da hérnia de disco intervertebral lombar. Métodos 85 pacientes com hérnia de disco lombar foram divididos aleatoriamente em um grupo de controle e um grupo de kung fu. Resultados A comparação entre o grupo de artes marciais antes e depois do experimento mostrou uma diferença muito significativa (p<0,05); não houve diferença significativa no grupo controle. A taxa efetiva total no grupo de kung fu foi de 97,67%, e a taxa de recidiva foi de 2,33%. A taxa efetiva total do grupo de controle foi de 90,48%, e a taxa de recidiva foi de 21,43%. Conclusões O exercício de kung fu é benéfico para o relaxamento dos músculos da cintura, alivia o tônus muscular, aumenta a força muscular; pode melhorar os sintomas clínicos e os sinais de hérnia de disco lombar. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción el ejercicio de kung fu tiene un efecto significativo en el tratamiento de la hernia discal lumbar, atendiendo eficazmente a la circulación interna y externa del sistema funcional del cuerpo humano, la función de movimiento del disco intervertebral lumbar puede repararse eficazmente. Objetivo Analizar y explorar el efecto de la rehabilitación con kung fu en los síntomas de la hernia discal intervertebral lumbar. Métodos 85 pacientes con hernia discal lumbar fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo de control y un grupo de kung fu. Resultados La comparación entre el grupo de artes marciales antes y después del experimento mostró una diferencia altamente significativa (p<0,05); no hubo diferencia significativa en el grupo de control. La tasa de efectividad total en el grupo de kung fu fue del 97,67%, y la tasa de recaída fue del 2,33%. La tasa efectiva total del grupo de control fue del 90,48%, y la tasa de recidiva del 21,43%. Conclusiones El ejercicio de kung fu es beneficioso para la relajación de los músculos de la cintura, alivia el tono muscular, aumenta la fuerza muscular; puede mejorar los síntomas y signos clínicos de la hernia discal lumbar. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Application value of monitoring of percutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide/oxygen for patients in ICU after general anesthesia

For patients in ICU under mechanical ventilation, monitoring of percutaneous partial pressure of CO2 and O2 after general anesthesia is crucial as excessive or insufficient ventilation may prove to be fatal. However, the correlation between percutaneous monitoring and arterial blood gas analysis still remains unclear. Here, we studied the application value of monitoring of PtcCO2/PtcO2 for patients in ICU after general anesthesia for better management of patients in ICU on ventilation. A total of 195 eligible patients were selected. After transfer, when PtcCO2 and PtcO2 were stable (10-15 min), they were recorded as transfer-in values. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), lactate, PtcO2 and PtcCO2 were recorded. Vital signs and hemodynamics data were also recorded. There were significant positive correlations between PtcCO2 and PtcO2 (r = 0.876), and between PtcO2 and PaCO2 (r = 0.817) (P <0.01). PaO2 was higher than PtcO2 (P <0.01). There were significant positive correlations between PtcCO2/PtcO2 and PaCO2/PaO2 at different time points (T0: upon transfer-in; T1: before extubation; T2: upon transfer-out, P <0.01). At different oxygen inhalation concentrations (21, 40 and 50%), PtcCO2 and PtcO2 were all well linearly correlated. The overall PtcO2/PaO2 was (0.75±0.12). When FIO2 values were 21, 40 and 50%, PtcO2/PaO2 values were similar (P >0.05). PtcCO2 and PtcO2 or PtcO2 and PaCO2 are significantly positively correlated, without significant differences between different time periods or oxygen concentrations. PtcCO2 and PtcO2 can predict the changes of PtcO2 and PaCO2, which is of great significance to the early observation of oxygenation changes, adjustment of ventilator parameters and improvement of prognosis. PtcCO2/PaO2 values are similar at different oxygen concentrations, as an eligible index for the postoperative evaluation of tissue perfusion status and hemodynamic level.

Xuezhikang alleviates lipid accumulation via AMPK activation in hepatocellular steatosis model

Abstract Xuezhikang (XZK) is an extract of Chinese red yeast rice. It has multiple protective effects in cardiovascular systems. However, the underlying mechanism by which XZK affects free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipogenesis in hepatocellular steatosis model is still unknown. Herein, we investigated this mechanism in HepG2 cells. The HepG2 cells were treated with palmitate acid (PA) to induce lipogenesis. Then the PA-induced HepG2 cells were subsequently treated with XZK. After 24 h of treatment, we determined the intracellular triglyceride (TG) contents and average areas of lipid droplets. To study the involvement of AMPK signaling pathway, we pre-treated the PA-induced HepG2 cells with Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, before XZK treatment. Expressions of p-AMPK and AMPK were determined by Western blot. The results showed that XZK decreased TG content and lipid accumulation in hepatocellular steatosis model. Compound C abolished the effects of XZK. These results demonstrated for the first time that XZK protects hepatocytes against lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acids. Its effects may be mediated by the activation of AMPK pathway.

Comparison of clinical effects of the Yu flap and the Karapandzic flap in repairing greater than 2/3 lower lip defects / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To compare the clinical effect of the Yu flap and the Karapandzic flap in repairing greater than 2/3 defects of the lower lip and to provide a reference for clinical application.@*Methods@#Ten patients with greater than 2/3 lower lip defects after surgical resection of lower lip tumors and vascular malformations were enrolled: 5 patients were repaired with the Yu flap (Yu flap group) and 5 patients were repaired with the Karapandzic flap (Karapandzic flap group). Follow-up for at least 1 year was conducted to evaluate the morphology (symmetry, stoma, exposure of vermilion) and function (sensory function, motor function) of the reconstructed lower lip.@*Results @#All the flaps survived, and all wounds showed primary healing. The lower lips reconstructed with the Yu flap or the Karapandzic flap obtained similar satisfactory oral function. The sensory function was essentially restored. There were no obvious obstacles in speech and expression, and no saliva leakage occurred. In the Yu flap group, only 1 patient had slight microstomia. In the Karapandzic flap group, 2 patients had slight microstomia and 3 patients had moderate microstomia. 90% (9/10) of the patients were very satisfied with the postoperative outcome, and 1 patient in the Karapandzic flap group was basically satisfied. @*Conclusion@#Both the Yu flap and the Karapandzic flap can be used to repair greater than 2/3 lower lip defects and reliable outcomes can be achieved. These two methods can achieve similar oral functions, but the effect of the Karapandzic flap is inferior to that of the Yu flap in terms of aesthetic appearance, and microstomia often occurs, while the Yu flap can generally maintain the original size of the mouth cleft.

Pulmonary function grading and comprehensive assessment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 预防医学

Objective@#To understand the characteristics of different pulmonary function grades and comprehensive assessment groups among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from community survey, so as to provide the evidence for the comprehensive community management of COPD. @*Methods@#The survey data of five monitoring sites in Zhejiang Province during 2014-2015 in the COPD surveillance of Chinese residents aged 40 years and above was collected. The patients with COPD were classified by pulmonary function according to the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in the predicted value, and by comprehensive assessment according to modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) score, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score and acute exacerbation in the past year. The characteristics of different pulmonary function grading and comprehensive assessment groups were compared. @*Results@#A total of 355 patients with COPD were found, with an average age of (63.00±9.63) years. The male-to-female ratio was 3.18:1. There were 243 patients with an education level of primary school or below, accounting for 68.45%. The awareness rate of COPD related knowledge was only 1.69%. There were 257 (72.39%) patients with mild, 86 (24.23%) patients with moderate, and 12 (3.38%) patients with severe pulmonary function. The proportions of patients with childhood history of severe respiratory infection, self-reported respiratory system diseases, chronic cough, chronic sputum, acute exacerbation in the past year, CAT score ≥10 points, and inhaled medication were lower in the patients with mild pulmonary function than with moderate and severe pulmonary function; the body mass index and waist circumference were higher in the patients with mild pulmonary function than in the patients with moderate and severe pulmonary function (all P<0.05). The comprehensive assessment resulted in 158 (44.51%) patients of Group A, 134 (37.75%) patients of Group B, 1 (0.28%) patient of Group C, and 7 (1.97%) patients of Group D. The average age and systolic pressure were lower in Group A than in Group B, C and D; the proportions of patients with self-reported respiratory system diseases, family history of respiratory diseases, chronic cough, chronic sputum, dyspnea, acute exacerbation in the past year and CAT score ≥10 points were lower in Group A than in Group B, C and D (all P<0.05). @*Conclusion@#The community patients with COPD are mainly classified to mild pulmonary function and Group A in the comprehensive assessment; thus they need different levels of management.

Effects of atmospheric fine particulate pollution on the lung function of primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To study the effects of atmospheric fine particulate pollution on the lung function of primary school students before and after heating during the winter in Zhengzhou.@*Methods@#In Zhengzhou, two areas with low and high level of PM 2.5 pollution(A and B), were selected as monitoring points from 2016 to 2018. Each monitoring station selected one elementary school within around 1 km and used a cluster random sampling method to extract students from grades 3 to 5 as the research subjects. Lung function tests were conducted before and after heating in winter, and mass concentration of PM 2.5 were recorded daily and compared to those recorded one month prior.@*Results@#The average daily mass concentration of PM 2.5 were 74 μg/m 3 and 92 μg/m 3 in the light pollution monitoring points A and the heavy pollution monitoring points B, which exceeded the standard for 97 and 126 days, respectively. The FVC and FEV1.0 indexes for the first test of male students before heating were higher than those for the second test from 2016-2018 (P<0.05). Except in 2016,the FVC and FEV1.0 indexes for the first test of female students were also higher than those for the second test (P<0.05). After stratified by sex,multivariate linear regression showed that PM 2.5 was associated with lung function as measured by the FEV1.0, PEF, FEF25 and FEF75 values of the students were negatively correlated (B=-0.13--0.07,-0.13--0.08,P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Fine particulate air pollution before and after heating during the winter in Zhengzhou had different effects on the lung function of primary school students. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the respiratory health protection of primary school students in winter to protect their health.

School-based sexual harassment among college students in Guangzhou, China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study examined school-based sexual harassment experience among college students in Guangzhou, and to provide theoretical basis for preventing campus sexual harassment.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 062 college students from five universities in Guangzhou, China. A self-made questionnaire regarding awareness sexual harassment and experience of school-based sexual harassment was filled out by students voluntarily and anonymously.@*Results@#A total of 169 students reported they experienced school-based sexual harassment. The incidence of school-based sexual harassment among college students in Guangzhou was 15.91%, higher among female students (20.30%) than male students(10.2%)(χ 2=19.91, P<0.01). Verbal harassment (10.26%) was the most common type of sexual harassment, followed by physical harassment (7.16%), visual harassment (4.61%) and unwanted sexual advances (1.69%). Sexual harassment primarily took place in teaching building(58), dormitory(33) and office(17). Among the victims, 116(68.64%) were influenced by harassment. Females(n=94) being harassed were more likely to be negatively influenced compare to males(n=22).@*Conclusion@#School-based sexual harassment may result adverse psychological outcomes to students, more emphasis should be put on the prevention of sexual harassment.

Vitamin A nutritional status and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Chongqing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the vitamin A status of children and adolescents aged between 6-17 years old in Chongqing, and to analyze the influencing factors of vitamin A deficiency, providing a scientific basis for nutritional improvement measures.@*Methods@#From 2016 to 2017, a multi-stage random sampling method was used to select approximately 1 508 children and adolescents aged between 6-17 years old from three rural and three urban locations in Chongqing. This study carried out a questionnaire survey and laboratory testing, and the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0.@*Results@#The mean vitamin A level was (1.45±0.42)μmol/L, while the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and the subclinical deficiency rate were 0.46% and 13.46%, respectively. The binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that the following factors were associated with a lower risk of vitamin A deficiency:overweight and obese students(OR=0.51); students whose mothers had a high school education or above(OR=0.35, P=0.01); students from big cities; and higher quartile albumin levels (Q 3 and Q 4). Students who did not eat meat each day(OR=2.05), students aged 6-8 years old, and students with C-reactive protein in the third (OR=2.12) and fourth (OR=4.54) higher quartiles were at a higher risk of vitamin A deficiency.@*Conclusion@#The subclinical vitamin A deficiency rate was relatively high among children aged 6-17 years old in Chongqing. Measures including nutritional education, reasonable diets, and nutritionally fortified food or fortifiers should be used when necessary.

Prevalence and correlation of vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in primary and middle school students in Chongqing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the status of vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in primary and middle school students aged 7 to 17 years old in Chongqing, and to explore the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#From 2016 to 2017, a total of 1 360 primary and middle school students, aged 7 to 17 years old, were selected from three rural and three urban sites in Chongqing using multistage stratified random sampling. This study carried out a questionnaire survey, and participants underwent a physical examination which included blood pressure and serum vitamin D assessments.@*Results@#The deficiency and insufficiency rates of vitamin D were 9.71%, and 62.57%, respectively. The high blood pressure rate was 25.88%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, economic status, waist circumference, BMI classification, and family history of hypertension, the risk of hypertension was 1.42 times that of the normal group (P<0.05), and the risk of high systolic blood pressure was 1.59 times that of the normal group (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The deficiency and insufficiency rate of vitamin D among children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years old in Chongqing was high, and the phenomenon of high blood pressure was prominent. Students with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were more likely to have high blood pressure.

Effect of Chahuang ointment on prevention of phlebitis from peripherally inserted central catheter: randomized clinical trial / Efeito da pomada Chahuang na prevenção de flebite de cateter central inserido perifericamente: ensaio clínico randomizado / Efecto de la pomada de Chahuang en la prevención de la flebitis por catéter central insertado periféricamente: ensayo clínico aleatorizado

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of Chahuang ointment, a Chinese herbal ointment, on the prevention of phlebitis in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. Method: This was a multicenter randomized controlled trial, with 171 eligible patients randomly assigned into one of three groups: the Chahuang ointment group, the Mucopolysaccharide Polysulfate cream group, and the control group. The degrees of vein injuries at 72 hours after peripherally inserted central catheter insertion were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the vascular wall thickness, tissue edema and microthrombus evaluated by Color Doppler Flow Imaging, the vascular endothelial growth factor, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in vivo. Results: Compared with the control group, the Chahuang ointment group showed significantly lower incidence of postoperative phlebitis, tissue edema, and microthrombus at 72 hours after peripherally inserted central catheter insertion (all P<0.01). The VEGF and ET-1 expression were significantly inhibited in the Chahuang ointment group after 3 days of treatment (both P<0.01). There were no statistical differences in the degree of vein injuries, microthrombus, or tissue edema between the Chahuang ointment and mucopolysaccharide polysulfate groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Chahuang ointment was shown to provide effective prevention and protection against phlebitis after peripherally inserted central catheter insertion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da pomada Chahuang, uma pomada à base de ervas chinesas, na prevenção de flebite em pacientes com cateter central de inserção periférica. Método: Este foi um estudo multicêntrico randomizado controlado, com 171 pacientes elegíveis aleatoriamente designados em um de três grupos: o grupo de pomada Chahuang, o grupo de creme de polissulfato de mucopolissacarídeo e o grupo de controle. Os graus de lesões das veias em 72 horas após a inserção do cateter central perifericamente inserido foram o resultado primário. Os desfechos secundários foram a espessura da parede vascular, edema tecidual e microtrombos avaliados por Color Doppler Flow Imaging, o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular e a expressão da endotelina-1 (ET-1) in vivo. Resultados: Comparado com o grupo controle, o grupo de pomada Chahuang apresentou incidência significativamente menor de flebite pós-operatória, edema de tecido e microtrombos 72 horas após a inserção do cateter central inserido perifericamente (todos P <0,01). A expressão de VEGF e ET-1 foi significativamente inibida no grupo de pomada Chahuang após 3 dias de tratamento (ambos P <0,01). Não houve diferenças estatísticas no grau de lesões das veias, microtrombos ou edema de tecido entre os grupos de pomada de Chahuang e polissulfato de mucopolissacarídeo (todos P> 0,05). Conclusão: A pomada Chahuang demonstrou fornecer prevenção e proteção eficazes contra flebite após a inserção do cateter central perifericamente inserido.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la pomada Chahuang, una pomada herbal china, sobre la prevención de la flebitis en pacientes con catéteres centrales insertados periféricamente. Método: Este fue un ensayo controlado aleatorio multicéntrico, con 171 pacientes elegibles asignados al azar en uno de tres grupos: el grupo de ungüento Chahuang, el grupo de crema de polisulfato de mucopolisacárido y el grupo de control. Los grados de lesiones de las venas a las 72 horas después de la inserción del catéter central insertado periféricamente fueron el resultado primario. Los resultados secundarios fueron el grosor de la pared vascular, el edema tisular y el microtrombo evaluados por imágenes de flujo con Doppler en color, el factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular y la expresión de endotelina-1 (ET-1) in vivo. Resultados: En comparación con el grupo de control, el grupo de ungüento Chahuang mostró una incidencia significativamente menor de flebitis posoperatoria, edema tisular y microtrombos a las 72 horas después de la inserción del catéter central insertado periféricamente (todos P <0,01). La expresión de VEGF y ET-1 se inhibió significativamente en el grupo de pomada de Chahuang después de 3 días de tratamiento (ambos P <0,01). No hubo diferencias estadísticas en el grado de lesiones venosas, microtrombos o edema tisular entre los grupos de pomada de Chahuang y polisulfato de mucopolisacárido (todos P> 0,05). Conclusión: Se demostró que la pomada de Chahuang proporciona una prevención y protección eficaces contra la flebitis después de la inserción de un catéter central insertado periféricamente.

Bioinformatics analysis and functional prediction of potential lung cancer associated genes in female non-smokers / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To explore the pathogenosis and prognostic markers for non-smoking female lung cancer patients with bioinfor‐ matics analysis and functional prediction of potential lung cancer associated genes in female non-smokers. Methods: Data for nonsmoking female patients with lung cancer were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. DAVID online data base was used to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and STRING online software was used to perform protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis; then the plug-in (M-CODE) was used to screen the key DEGs; finally, GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter were used to perform function prediction and prognosis analysis of key DEGs. Results: A total of 160 DEGs were screened, including 54 up-regulated and 106 down-regulated genes; GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly related to neovascularization, single cell adhesion, positive regulation of GTPase activity and signal transduction (all P<0.05). KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), leukocyte transendothelial migration, tight junction and endocytosis (all P<0.05); PPI network analysis revealed 8 key DEGs, including TIE1, PECAM1, CLDN5, VEGFD, ICAM2, ESAM, EMCN and ROBO4. Conclusion: TIE1, CLDN5, ICAM2, ESAM, VEGFD and ROBO4 may be the research targets of the pathogenesis of non-smoking female lung cancer patients. PECAM1 and EMCN may be the new bio-markers to predict the progression and prognosis of nonsmoking female lung cancer patients.