Excerpts of European Association for the Study of the Liver clinical practice guidelines on the management of liver diseases in pregnancy (2023) / 中华消化杂志

Liver diseases in pregnancy comprise both gestational liver disorders and acute and chronic hepatic disorders occurring coincidentally in pregnancy. Whether pregnancy-related or not, liver diseases in pregnancy are associated with a significant risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Thus, the European Association for the Study of Liver invited a panel of experts to develop clinical practice guidelines aimed at providing recommendations, based on the best available evidence, for the management of liver disease in pregnancy for hepatologists, gastroenterologists, obstetric physicians, general physicians, obstetricians, training specialists and other healthcare professionals who provide care for this patient population.

An Excerpt of 2022 European Association for the Study of the Liver Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy / 胃肠病学

In 2022, the European Association for the Study of the Liver clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) present evidence ⁃ based answers to a set of relevant questions, which formulated in participant, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) format on the definition, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of HE. This excerpt does not cover the pathophysiology of HE and does not cover all available treatment options. It presents the readers with translations and summarizations of the above mentioned recommendations. The methods through which it was developed and any information relevant to its interpretation are also provided.

An excerpt of 2022 European Association for the Study of the Liver clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy / 中华消化杂志

In 2022, the European Association for the Study of the Liver clinical practice guideline on the management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) present evidence-based answers to a set of relevant questions, which formulated in participant, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) format on the definition, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of HE. The document does not cover the pathophysiology of HE and does not cover all available treatment options. We present the readers with translations and summarizations of the above mentioned recommendations. The methods through which it was developed and any information relevant to its interpretation are also provided.

Changes in gut microbiota after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhotic patients with mild hepatic encephalopathy in different prognosis groups / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in gut microbiota after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in cirrhotic patients with mild hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in different prognosis groups. MethodsA total of 28 MHE cirrhotic patients who were hospitalized and underwent TIPS in Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases from July 2016 to July 2017 were enrolled. Fecal samples and related clinical data were collected on days 1-3 before surgery and at 1 month after surgery. According to the prognosis after surgery, the patients were divided into none-hepatic encephalopathy (HE) group with 8 patients, MHE group with 12 patients, and overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) group with 8 patients. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing to obtain the relative abundance of gut microbiota, and SPSS and R packages were used to analyze the biodiversity, postoperative changes, and differences in such changes of gut microbiota at the genus level between groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data between three groups; the Bonferroni method was used for multiple comparisons of multiple samples; the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison before and after surgery within each group. For microbiome beta-diversity analyses, a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was performed based on Bray-Curtis distance matrix, and the Adonis method (PerMANOVA) was used for comparison between groups. ResultsPCoA based on Bray-Curtis distance matrix showed that only the MHE group had a significant change in beta diversity after surgery (F=2.71, P=0.049). After surgery, the non-HE group had significant increases in the abundance of the native flora Dialister, Coprococcus, Ruminococcaceae_uncultured, Flavonifractor, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (Z=2.521, 2.1, 2.1, 2.1, and 1.96, all P＜0.05); the MHE group had significant reductions in the abundance of the harmful flora Granulicatella（Z=2.521,P=0.012）, Enterococcus（Z=2.51,P=0.012）, Streptococcus（Z=2.432,P=0.015）, and Rothia（Z=2.001,P=0.045） and significant increases in the abundance of Veillonella（Z=2.353,P=0.019） and Megasphaera（Z=1.955,P=0.05）; the OHE group only had a significant increase in the abundance of Veillonella after surgery (Z=2.38, P=0.017). There was a significant difference in the change in gut microbiota (postoperative abundance/preoperative abundance) between the non-HE group, the MHE group, and the OHE group ［2.00 (1.11-91.61) vs 1.21 (0.26-679) vs 0.09 (0.01-0.92), χ2=6.249, P=0.043］. ConclusionThere is a significant difference in the change in gut microbiota after TIPS between patients with different prognoses, and the increase in the abundance of native flora may have a certain influence on the remission of MHE.

Clinical effect of local and systemic zoledronic acid in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of local and systemic zoledronic acid in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone.Methods:The clinical data of 42 patients with giant cell tumor of bone who were treated in the Department of Joint and Sports Medicine Surgery of Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from January 2000 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether zoledronic acid was used during and after operation, the patients were divided into zoledronic acid group ( n=21) and non zoledronic acid group ( n=21). The perioperative indexes, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), international Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score of lower extremity function, adverse reactions and the postoperative recurrence were compared between the two groups. Results:The operative time of zoledronic acid group and non zoledronic acid group were (158.4±20.5) min and (169.5±19.5) min, the intraoperative bleeding volume were (236.3±9.7) ml and (228.2±16.5) ml, the postoperative drainage volume were (163.3±7.4) ml and (161.4±9.3) ml, and the healing time of incision were (13.8±2.1) d and (14.0±2.0) d, respectively, with no significant difference ( t=-1.798, P=0.080; t=1.936, P=0.062; t=0.733, P=0.468; t=-0.290, P=0.774). The preoperative VAS scores of zoledronic acid group and non zoledronic acid group were 6.54±1.76 and 6.72±1.51 respectively, the MSTS scores were 13.56±2.35 and 12.79±1.98 respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant ( t=-0.356, P=0.724; t=1.148, P=0.258). The VAS scores of the two groups were 1.32±0.31 and 1.92±0.19 at 4 weeks after operation, 0.93±0.29 and 1.47±0.38 at 3 months after operation respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-7.562, P<0.001; t=-5.177, P<0.001). The VAS scores of the two groups were 0.31±0.12 and 0.35±0.23 at the last follow-up, with no significant difference ( t=0.707, P=0.485). The MSTS scores of zoledronic acid group and non zoledronic acid group were 24.89±3.86 and 21.82±2.95 at 4 weeks after operation, 26.78±2.57 and 24.62±2.62 at 3 months after operation respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.896, P=0.006; t=2.697, P=0.010). The MSTS scores of the two groups were 27.31±2.21 and 26.69±2.93 at the last follow-up, with no significant difference ( t=0.774, P=0.443). The postoperative recurrence time of the two groups was (9.79±2.58) months and (7.31±1.73) months respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.659, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in recurrence Campanacci grade and recurrence tumor location between the two groups ( U=7.000, P=0.860; χ2=1.062, P>0.999). The occurrence rates of fever in zoledronic acid group and non zoledronic acid group were 23.81% (5/21) and 4.76% (1/21), the occurrence rates of myalgia were 19.05% (4/21) and 4.76% (1/21), the incidences of influenza like symptoms were 14.29% (3/21) and 0 (0/21), the occurrence rates of gastrointestinal reaction were 9.52% (2/21) and 4.76 (1/21), and the differences were not statistically significant ( χ2=1.750, P=0.186; χ2=0.980, P=0.341; χ2=1.436, P=0.231; χ2<0.001, P>0.999). All the patients had no serious adverse reactions such as liver and kidney function damage and mandible necrosis. Conclusion:Local and systemic application of zoledronic acid in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone can improve the early postoperative pain and limb function, delay the recurrence time, and can be used as an auxiliary treatment of giant cell tumor of bone.

Simultaneous Determination of 10 Lignanoids in Wuzhi Tablets by RP-HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of schizantherin E,gomisin J,angeloylgomisin H,schisantherin A,schisantherin B,schisanhenol,anwuligan,schizandrin A,schizandrin B and schizandrin C in Wuzhi tablets.METHODS:RP-HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on Symmetry C18 column with acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set 225 rm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃.The sample size was 10 μL.RESULTS:The linear ranges of schizantherin E,gomisin J,angeloylgomisin H,schisantherin A,schisantherin B,schisanhenol,anwuligan,schizandrin A,schizandrin B and schizandrin C were 2.25-67.5ng(r=0.999 6),2.1-63 ng(r=0.999 8),28-840 ng(r=0.999 9),124.6-3 738 ng(r=0.999 9),22.7-681 ng(r=0.999 9),32.7-981 ng(r=0.999 9),47-1 410 ng(r=0.999 9),208-6 240 ng(r=0.999 9),5.36-160.8 rig(r=0.999 9),4.48-134.4 ng(r=0.999 8).The limits of quantitation were 14.17,13.32,9.33,11.37,14.62,19.88,14.66,12.50,16.40,13.55 rg.The limits of detection were 4.62,4.60,3.08,3.76,4.81,6.74,4.93,4.16,5.86,5.03 ng.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were less than 3.0％;the recoveries were 96.36％-100.00％(RSD=1.83％,n=6),95.00％-100.00％(RSD=2.07％,n=6),95.00％-98.00％(RSD=1.22％,n=6),95.37％-98.91％ (RSD=1.29％,n=6),95.62 ％-103.71％ (RSD=2.85％,n=6),97.33％-102.67％ (RSD=2.00％,n=6),95.00％-99.33％ (RSD=1.75％,n=6),97.24％-104.93％ (RSD=2.63％,n=6),95.00％-97.50％ (RSD=1.42％,n=6),96.00％-102.00％ (RSD=2.45％,n=6),respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The developed method is accurate,sensitive and reproducible,and it can be used for content determination of 10 lignanoids in Wuzhi tablets.

The application of different types of bronchial arteriography catheter in performing bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To discuss the application of different types of bronchial arteriography catheter in performing bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for the treatment of hemoptysis.Methods The clinical data of a total of 97 patients with hemoptysis,who received BAE during the period from January 2013 to May 2016,were collected.According to angiographic findings in aspect of the opening and running direction of the arteries causing bleeding,the responsible arteries were divided into 4 types:upward opening,horizontal opening and running upwards,horizontal opening and running downwards,and downward opening.For each responsible artery,appropriate angiography catheter was selected from the following catheters:MIK catheter,left gastric artery catheter,Cobra catheter,Simmon-1 catheter and Simmon-2 catheter.With super-selective catheterization technique the selected suitable catheter was inserted into the responsible artery and angiography was subsequently performed.The effect of the selection of bronchial arteriography catheter in performing BAE for hemoptysis was analyzed.Results A total of 180 responsible arteries were detected in 97 patients.Of the 180 responsible arteries,artery with upward opening was seen in 42,artery with horizontal opening and running upwards was found in 54,artery with horizontal opening and running downwards was observed in 46,and artery with downward opening was detected in 38.The success rates of super-selective catheterization for MIK catheter,left gastric artery catheter,Cobra catheter and Simmon catheter were 83.3％ (35/42),92.6％ (50/54),87.0％ (40/46) and 89.5％ (34/38,including 30 Simmon-1 catheters and 4 Simmon-2 catheters) respectively.After BAE,the responsible arteries were occluded in all patients,and hemoptysis stopped immediately.The recurrence rate at 6 months after BAE was 7.2％ (7/97).Conclusion For the treatment of hemoptysis,BAE is safe and effective.The key point to ensure a successful BAE is that the selection of appropriate catheter should be based on the opening and running direction of the artery causing bleeding.

The degradation time and the intimal hyperplasia of biodegradable magnesium alloy stent implanted in the abdominal aorta of experimental rabbits / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To observe the degradation time and the intimal hyperplasia of biodegradable magnesium alloy stent (MPM) implanted in the abdominal aorta of experimental rabbits.Methods A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (30 d,60 d,90 d and 180 d) with 6 rabbits in each group.In cach rabbit one MPM stent was implanted in the abdominal aorta at the level of one cm below the left renal artery.Reexamination of abdominal aortography with DSA was separately performed at 30,60,90 and 180 d after stent implantation to check the stent condition.The rabbits of each group were sacrificed at the corresponding scheduled day,the stenting segment of aorta of each rabbit was removed and the specimen was sent for microscopic examination.The experimental results were analyzed with SPSS20.0 software.Results All the 24 experimental rabbits survived.During the follow-up period the stent showed gradual degradation changes,and basically complete degradation was not observed until to 180 days.Meanwhile,the intimal hyperplasia reached its peak at 90 days after implantation.The abdominal aorta remained unobstructed during the whole process of degradation.Conclusion The time of complete degradation for MPM stent is 182 days,which is long enough to meet the needs of vascular positive remodeling.

Causes for failed posterior pedicle screw instrumentation for thoracolumbar fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To analyze the causes for the failures after posterior pedicle screw instrumentation for thoracolumbar fractures.Methods From June 2003 to December 2014,182 patients with thoracolumbar fracture were treated by fixation through the posterior approach using pedicle screws and fully followed up in our institute.We analyzed the cases of postoperative infection,recovery of neural symptoms,breakage and loosening of pedicle screws and connecting rod,non-union of the fractured vertebra,and correction loss of kyphosis in associations with the AO classification and Loading Sharing Classification of Spine Fracture (LSCSF) system,osteoporosis,intervertebral disc injury and methods of internal fixation.Results In this series,altogether 27 cases failed(14.8％).The rate of postoperative infection was 1.1％ (2/182).The rate of breakage of pedicle screw or connecting rod was 7.7％ (14/182).The implant breakage rates for fractures of AO types A1,A2 and A3.1 were significantly lower than for other types (P ＜ 0.05).The implant breakage rate for the patients with ≤6 LSCSF points was significantly lower than for those with ≥7 LSCSF points (P ＜ 0.05).The implant breakage occurred in 3 cases of those who underwent fixation of one normal vertebra respectively below and above the two contiguous segments but not in those who underwent additional fixation of the injured vertebrae.The rate of screw loosening was 2.2％ (4/182).The non-union rate of the injured vertebra was 2.7％ (5/182).The rate of kyphosis recurrence was 1.1％ (2/182).Conclusions To prevent the failure of posterior pedicle screw fixation,surgeons should pay more attention to the following key points before operation:the type and evaluation of spinal fractures,a proper approach and method of internal fixation,and the weight bearing capability of the anterior column.

A Simultaneous Determination of Five Components in Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae by RP-HPLC / 医药导报

Objective To develop a method for simultaneous determination of three hydrophilic components and two lipophilic components in Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae. Methods The RP-HPLC method was performed by using a Welchrom C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)with a mobile phase of acetonitrile (A)-0.1%phosphoric acid(B). The gradient elution program was as follows:0-15 min,10%→12%A;-35 min,12%→20%A;-45 min,20%→60%A;-65 min,60%→65%A;-80 min,65%→80%A;-90 min,10%A. The flow rate was kept at 1.0 mL?min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃ . Results A good linearity was obtained over 0.059 5-2.380 0 μg for tanshinol, 0.346 0-13. 840 0 μg for rosmarinic acid, 0. 656 0 - 26. 240 0 μg for salviamolic acid B, 0. 420 0 - 16.800 0 μg for cryptotanshinone and 0.414 0- 16.560 0 μg for tanshinoneIIA, respectively ( r = 0.999 9). The average recovery rates were between 98.69%-100.91% with RSD less than 1.2%(n = 6). Conclusion The method is rapid, accurate, credible and repeatable, and can provide basis for the quality control of Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhiza.

Prenatal stress promotes formation of chronic stress-induced hippocampal amyloid β protein in offspring mice / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore whether prenatal stress promotes formation of chronic stress-induced hippocampal amyloid β (Aβ) protein in 6-month-old male offspring mice and its mechanism.Methods The APPswe/PSIdE9 double transgenic mice were divided into 4 groups according to the prenatal stress and offspring mice stress:prenatal control-offspring control group (CC group),prenatal control-chronic offspring stress group (CT group),chronic prenatal stress-offspring control group (TC group),and chronic prenatal stress-chronic offspring stress group (TT group) (n=18).The number of amyloid plaques in brains was checked using Congo red staining.ELISA was used to examine the hippocampus levels ofamyloid-β proteins (Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40) in the offspring mice;β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) activity was detected using fluorospectrophotometry.Additionally,Western blotting were used to observe the expression levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α),phosphorylated protein kinase R [PKR]-like ER kinase (p-PERK),glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) and β-site BACE1 in the hippocampus.Results As compared with that in the CC group,the number of amyloid plaques in brain in CT,TT and TC groups was increased.The expressions of p-eIF2α,p-PERK,Grp78,BACE1,Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus of CT group were significantly increased as compared with those in the CC group (P＜0.05).The expressions of p-eIF2α,p-PERK,Grp78,BACE1,Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus of TT group were further significantly increased as compared with those in the CT group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in BACE1 activity among the different groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion The prenatal stress can promote the formation of hippocampal Aβ protein induced by chronic stress in 6-month-old male offspring mice,whose mechanism may be that prenatal stress aggravates hippocampal neurons endoplasmic reticulum stress,activates the PERK,then causes eIF2 alpha phosphorylation,and finally promotes BACE1 expression.

Imaging findings of pulsatile tinnitus caused by sigmoid sinus abnormalities / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To study a rare CT finding of pulsatile tinnitus(FT)caused by sigmoid sinus abnormalities.Methods The imaging data of PT caused by sigmoid sinus abnormalities were analyzed retrospectively in 15 patients(15 female).The median age was 45 years(24 to 63 years).The duration of persistence pulsatile tinnitus was from 0.5 year to 36.0 years(median time,2.0 years).The tinnitus was at left side in 5 patients and right side in 10 patients.Fifteen patients underwent HRCT of the temporal bone.Of them,12 patients underwent cerebral CT angiography and CT venogram(CTA/CTV),and 9 patients underwent cerebral digital subtraction angiography(DSA).Nine patients underwent transmastoid reconstruction surgery of the sigmoid sinus.Of them,the tinnitus was at left side in 2 patients and right side in 7 patients.Paired rank sum test was used to compare the cross-sectional area of the sigmoid sinus of the tinnitus side and normal side.Results On HRCT,focal bony coarse defect is shown in the anterior sigmoid wall in 11 patients and anterolateral sigmoid wall in 4 patients.On CTA/CTV,the sigmoid sinus focally protruded into the adjacent mastoid air cells and formed diverticulum in 10 patients.The pulsatile tinnitus disappeared immediately after transmastoid reconstruction surgery of the sigmoid sinus in all 9 patients.The cross-sectional area of the sigmoid sinus of the tinnitus side was 100.6(41.5-96.2)mm~2,it was 77.0(92.1-122.4)mm~2 in the nonmal side(Z=2.158,P=0.031).Conclusion Focal bony defect of the sigmoid wall with sigmoid sinus diverticula is one of the causes which lead to pulsatile tinnitus,which can be easily identified by imaging examination.

Rapid-prototyping manufacture of human scoliosis based on laminated object technology / 生物医学工程学杂志

At present, doctors discuss the situation of scoliosis patients mainly through their x-ray photograph. Because of the complexity of human spine structure, it is very difficult for doctors to plan & simulate operation or instruct design of scoliosis bracket only through the x-ray photograph of patient. In this paper, the technology of forming an STL file from CT data was introduced. The solid model of a scoliosis patient was reconstructed and transferred to RPM system. A human scoliosis model with all spine anatomical structure was manufactured using laminated object manufacturing (LOM). It has important clinical value for doctors to plan & simulate operation, and it is significant for the development of integration of medicine and engineering.

Development of the personalized finite element model of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and its significance / 生物医学工程学杂志

This study was aimed to develop the personalized finite element model (FEM) of spine of a scoliotic adolescent. We derived the data of spine of a scoliotic adolescent using spiral computed tomography. Then by using a series of computer aided design (CAD) software, the patient-specific 3D finite element model of spine of a scoliotic adolescent was developed. Results show the 3-D FEM of spine of AIS adolescent was established according to patient-specific geometric parameters. The model had an appearance similar an reality. We concluded that the way in this study is an exact and effective one to develop the FEM of spine of scoliotic adolescent. It is possible to analyze and research the biomechanical behavior of the scoliotic spine using the personalized FEM.

Analysis of Uncertainty of Measurement in the Determination of Roxithromycin Dispersible Tablets by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To find out the critical influential factors of measurement in the determination of Roxithromycin dispersible tablets. METHODS: Mathematic model of HPLC was established to analyze the effects of many uncertain factors on measurement results. Combined standard uncertainty and expanded standard uncertainty were calculated. RESULTS: The expanded uncertainty was 1.6% and the results of determination could be expressed as (96.8?1.6)%. CONCLUSION: The established analytical method is applicable to the uncertainty analysis in the content determination of Roxithromycin dispersible tablets by HPLC.

Semi-laminectomy procedures for the management of dumbbel tumors of the cervical spine / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To study the feasibility of minimally invasive procedure for the management of dumbbel tumors of the cervical vertebral canal. Methods Fourteen cases of dumbbel tumors of the cervical vertebral canal were treated by the approch of semi-laminectomy. Results Twelve cases underwent total resections, one case underwent subtotal resection, another case underwent great part of resection. The vertebral artery was preserved well during the operation. Nine out of fourteen cases had followed up for 6～18 months. Neurological function was improvement in all cases. No recurrence or instability of spine was found. Conclusions The approch of semi-laminectomy has the advantages of minimal invasion, less bleeding, and no influence on stability of spine. It is a good choice for dumbbel tumors of the cervical vertebral canal