Clinical observation of acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after orthopaedic surgery under general anesthesia / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical effect of acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after orthopaedic surgery under general anesthesia.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to December 2019, 168 patients who met inclusion criteria and were underwent selective spine surgery, were double-blind divided into two groups according to central random system, 84 patients in each group. In control group, there were 39 males and 45 females aged from 30 to 65 years old with an average of (53.83±9.17) years old, 37 patients were classified to typeⅠand 47 patients were typeⅡ according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grading. In experiment group, there were 39 males and 45 females aged from 30 to 65 years old with an average of (54.08±9.00) years old; 32 patients were classified to typeⅠand 52 patients were typeⅡ according to ASA grading. Both of two groups were obtained acupoint application before anesthesia induction, and acupoint application were put on @*RESULTS@#There were no statistical differences in incidence of nausea vomiting, VAS of narusea degree at 24 h after operation (@*CONCLUSION@#The curative effect of acupoint application of traditional Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting is not obvious.

TLR8 in the Trigeminal Ganglion Contributes to the Maintenance of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is a significant health problem but the involved mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have recently been demonstrated to be expressed in the dorsal root ganglion and involved in chronic pain. Here, we show that TLR8 was persistently increased in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons in model of TNP induced by partial infraorbital nerve ligation (pIONL). In addition, deletion or knockdown of Tlr8 in the TG attenuated pIONL-induced mechanical allodynia, reduced the activation of ERK and p38-MAPK, and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the TG. Furthermore, intra-TG injection of the TLR8 agonist VTX-2337 induced pain hypersensitivity. VTX-2337 also increased the intracellular Ca

Establishment of detection method for Chlamydophila abortus by using SYBR green real-time PCR and determination of bacterial load in mice / 中国人兽共患病学报

We established a fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR)method for the detection of Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus),and replaced the method of smear staining which has subjective influence on the detection of C.abortus inactivated vaccine titer.According to the conserved sequence of the large cysteine-rich periplasmic protein(envB)of C.abortus,a specific primer was designed and the EnvB-PMD19T positive plasmid was used as the reference standard,optimization condition,sensi-tivity assay,specificity assay,repeatability assay and the bacteria loads of organs from mouse have been done.The results showed that the standard curve established with positive plasmid had a liner response from 1×102copies/μL to 1×106copies/μL with the correlation coefficient of 97%,sensitive for detecting C.abortus with the detection limit of 10 copies/μL,and re-peatable and stable with the coefficients of variation less than 2%.According to the result,the established method can detect the bacteria loads in organ of mouse,which provide a reliable method for evaluation of inactivated C.abortus vaccine.

Clinical observation of ultrasound guided popliteal sciatic nerve combined saphenous nerve block for hallux valgus patients with metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical effects of ultrasound guided popliteal sciatic nerve combined saphenous nerve block in patients with anterior foot orthopedics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2017 to October 2017, 60 hallux valgus patients with metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation were randomly divided into experimental and control group according to random number table. Thirty patients in experimental group were treated by ultrasound guided popliteal sciatic nerve combined saphenous nerve block, including 13 males and 17 females, aged 31 to 76 years old with an average of (59.23±10.07) years old;and body mass index ranged from 21 to 30 kg/m² with an average of (24.57±1.85) kg/m²; 12 cases were grade I and 18 cases were grade II according to ASA grading. Thirty patients in control group were treated by spinal anesthesia, including 12 males and 18 females, aged from 20 to 74 years old with an average of (54.20±15.87) years old; and body mass index ranged from 20 to 29 kg/m² with an average of (24.43 ± 3.15) kg/m²; 11 cases were grade I and 19 cases were grade II according to ASA grading. Block time of anesthesia, onset time of sensory nerve block, onset time of motor nerve block, invalid time of motor nerve block, invalid time of sensory nerve block were compared between two groups. Hemodynamic changes before anesthesia(T₀), 15 min after block(T₁), 30 min after block(T₂), at the beginning of the operation(T₃), 30 min after the beginning(T₄) of surgery and at the end of operation(T₅), adverse reactions and subjective satisfactory between two groups were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both of the anesthetic protocol could achieved satisfied clinical effects. In experimental group, block time of patients, onset time of sensory block, invalid time of motor nerve block and invalid time of sensory nerve block were longer than those in control group, and there were significant differences between two groups(<0.001). There was no significant difference between two groups in onset time of motor nerve block(> 0.05). There were no significant differences of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) in experimental group at different time points(> 0.05). There were significant differences of SBP, DBP in control group at different time points (<0.05). There was no significant difference of HR in control group at different time points(> 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ultrasound guided popliteal sciatic nerve combined saphenous nerve block could meet demand of hallux valgus patients with metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation. Compared with lumbar anesthesia, it could maintain hemodynamic stability, prolong effective analgesia time after operation, and improve patients' overall comfort and safety for free activity above the knee joint.</p>

Influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms on antidepressant response / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the influence of polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene on response to antidepressant treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and eight one Chinese Han patients have received single antidepressant drugs for at least 6 weeks, among whom 275 were followed up for 8 weeks. Hamilton depression scale 17 (HAMD-17) was used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms and therapeutic effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MTHFR gene were determined using gene chips. Associations of single loci and haplotypes with response to treatment were analyzed using an Unphased 3.0.13 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant differences in gender, age, year of education, family history, episode times, and antidepressant agents were found between responders and non-responders (all P U+003E 0.05), while the baseline scores of HAMD-17 was significantly different(t=2.891, P=0.004). There was also no significant difference between age, years of education, family history, baseline scores of HAMD-17 and antidepressant agents between remitters and non-remitters (both P U+003E 0.05), while proportion of male patients was significantly higher in non-remission group than remission group (t=2.381, P=0.018), and episode times in non-remission group was significantly higher (t=-1.983, P=0.049). Single locus association analysis has found no significant association between SNPs rs1801131 and rs1801133 in the MTHFR gene with antidepressant response (P U+003E 0.05). On the other hand, haplotype A-C of MTHFR gene (rs1801131 and rs1801133) was significantly associated with antidepressant response in total group (U+03C7 2=11.39, P=0.0007), male subgroup (U+03C7 2=8.767, P=0.003) and serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) subgroup (U+03C7 2=10.51, P=0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Particular haplotype of MTHFR gene may be related with antidepressant effect, in which the haplotype (rs1801131, rs1801133) A-C type may be associated with better antidepressant efficacy, particularly in males and patients receiving SNRIs drugs.</p>

Serum uric acid levels correlate with recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Recently there has been a great deal of interest in the role of serum uric acid (SUA) in atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective of this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between levels of SUA and recurrence of paroxysmal AF after catheter ablation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and thirty patients diagnosed with paroxysmal AF were analyzed. Patients were categorized into quartiles on the basis of their pre-operative SUA measurement and follow-up, and Kaplan-Meier estimation with a Log-rank test was used for the analysis of the influence of SUA on the recurrence of AF. Pre-procedural clinical variables were correlated with the clinical outcome after ablation using multivariate Logistic analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relationship between SUA and the recurrence of AF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After a mean follow-up of (9.341 ± 3.667) (range 3.0 - 16.3) months, recurrence rates from the lowest SUA quartile to the highest SUA quartile were 16.0%, 26.4%, 28.3%, and 29.3% respectively (P = 0.014). After adjustment for gender, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), triglyceride (TG), left atrial diameter (LA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and SUA, there was an increased risk of recurrence in subjects in the highest SUA quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio 2.804, 95% confidence interval 1.466 - 5.362, P = 0.002). Following multivariate Logistical analysis, SUA was found to be an independent predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio 1.613, 95% confidence interval 1.601 - 1.625, P = 0.014).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In a retrospective study of patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing catheter ablation, elevated preoperative SUA levels were associated with a higher rate of recurrence of AF.</p>

Relationship between depression after ischemic stroke and leukoaraiosis / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the relationship between post-stroke depression (PSD) and leukoaraiosis in a well-defined acute ischemic stroke cohort.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients with acute ischemic stroke,admitted to our hospital from June 2007 to March 2011,were examined by magnetic resonance imaging.The patients were made a diagnosis of post-stroke depression by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria 2 weeks after the index stroke; 60 (35.7％) patients had PSD in the acute period and 60 stroke patients without depression matched according to age and gender served as a control group were chosen.The distribution and severity of leukoaraiosis were evaluated using scale developed by Fazekas and age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) scale.The risk factors of PSD were chosen after univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results In comparison with the non-PSD group,patients in the PSD group were more likely to have high deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMHs) scores and ARWMC scale scores in the frontal area with significant difference (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in periventricular white matter hypertensities (PVWMHs) scores and ARWMC scale scores in the parieto-occipital area,temporal area,infratentorial area and basal ganglia area between the PSD and control groups (P＞0.05).In the multivariate logistic regression analysis,DWMHs remained an independent risk factor of PSD (OR:1.740,95％CI:1.194-2.536,P=0.004).Conclusion There may be an association between PSD and leukoaraiosis; severe leukoaraiosis in the deep area may increase vulnerability to develop depression in the acute period after ischemic stroke.

Impact of the origin of sinus node artery on recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Major atrial coronary arteries, including the sinus node artery (SNA), were commonly found in the areas involved in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and could cause difficulties in achieving linear block at the left atrial (LA) roof. The SNA is a major atrial coronary artery of the atrial coronary circulation. This study aimed to determine impact of the origin of SNA on recurrence of AF after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with paroxysmal AF.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-eight patients underwent coronary angiography for suspected coronary heart disease, followed by catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF. According to the origin of SNA from angiographic findings, they were divided into right SNA group (SNA originating from the right coronary artery) and left SNA group (SNA originating from the left circumflex artery). Guided by an electroanatomic mapping system, circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) was performed in both groups and PVI was the procedural endpoint. All patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-ablation. Recurrence was defined as any episode of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATAs), including AF, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia, that lasted longer than 30 seconds after a blanking period of 3 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The SNA originated from the right coronary artery in 34 patients (43.6%) and the left circumflex artery in 44 patients (56.4%). Freedom from AF and antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) at 1 year was 67.9% (53/78) for all patients. After 1 year follow-up, 79.4% (27/34) in right SNA group and 59.1% (26/44) in left SNA group (P = 0.042) were in sinus rhythm. On multivariate analysis, left atrium size (HR = 1.451, 95%CI: 1.240 - 1.697, P < 0.001) and a left SNA (HR = 6.22, 95%CI: 2.01 - 19.25, P = 0.002) were the independent predictors of AF recurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The left SNA is more frequent in the patients with paroxysmal AF. After one year follow-up, the presence of a left SNA was identified as an independent predictor of AF recurrence after CPVA in paroxysmal AF.</p>

Analgesic effect of acupuncture compound anesthesia in functionality nasal endoscopic sinus surgery / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify the analgesic effect of acupuncture compound anesthesia in functionality nasal endoscopic sinus surgery (FNES).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety patients undergoing FNES were randomly divided into three groups. Group A was treated with routine local anesthesia, and group B and C were treated with electroacupuncture at Yintang (EX-HN 3) and Yingxiang (LI 20) for 30 min before local anesthesia. Group B received routine local anesthesia, and group C received decrement local anesthesia. The dosage of narcotic, modified fingers pain scores and postoperative satisfaction scores were observed in three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative dosage of decicaine was (118.33 +/- 26.21) mg in group A, (100.83 +/- 4.56) mg in group B, and (71.33 +/- 8.90) mg in group C, with significant differences among the three groups (all P < 0.01), the lowest dosage was used in group C and the highest dosage in group A. The fingers pain scores of group B and C were both lower than that of group A (both P < 0.01), and the postoperative satisfaction scores of group B and C were both higher than that of group A (both P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture compound anesthesia can effectively alleviate the pain, decrease the dosage of local anesthetic, lower the discomfortableness and be helpful for safety of the patients during sinus surgery.</p>

TREK1 potassium channels and depression / 药学学报

Major depression disorder is an increasing heavy burden in modem society, but its pathological mechanism is still vague. Recent evidence indicated that two pore potassium channel, TREK1, is one of the important drug targets of antidepressants. The structural and functional research progress of TREK1 potassium channel were reviewed with an emphasis on its roles in anti-depression, neuronal protection, and neuronal plasticity. The complicated interactions between TREK1 potassium channel and monoamine transmitters-receptors were also reviewed and future directions to explore the underline mechanism were also discussed.

Application of microwave mutagenesis in microorganism breeding for medicinal source strain improvement / 国际药学研究杂志

Microwave mutagenesis has become a new physical mutation technique by non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, which has been used in the breeding of crops, plants and microorganisms, and has revealed bright future development in its application in the microorganism breeding for medicinal source strain improvement for providing high productivity or diverse bioactive mutants. This article reviews bioeffects of microwave, possible mechanisms of microwave mutagenesis, methods of microwave mutation technique together with main factors probably affecting microwave mutagenesis, and research advances in the application of microwave mutagenesis in microorganism breeding for medicinal source strain improvement. Meanwhile, the present research status, advantage and disadvantage, and prospect of this technique are also discussed focusing on its application in the microorganism breeding for medicinal source strain improvement.

Alteration of secondary metabolism of inactive actinomycete strain by magnetic nanoparticle-aided microwave mutagenesis / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To investigate a new method for altering the secondary metabolism of inactive actinomycete strain by magnetic nanoparticle-aided microwave mutagenesis to obtain antitumor mutants. Methods: HLF-43, a marine-derived actinomycete strain without antitumor activity with the inhibition rate of 3.9% at the 1000 μg/ml sample concentration on K562 cells, was used as the initial strain in the present study. The spore suspension of HLF-43 was exposed to the microwave radiation (the frequency 2450 MHz, the power 464 W)under the presence of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, then spread on neomycin-containing plates and the neomycin-resistant (neo) mutants were selected during incubation at 28°C for 4-14 days. The initial strain HLF-43 and its neo mutants were fermented to obtain fermentation samples and the antitumor neo mutants were obtained by the test of antitumor activity for these samples at 100 μg/ml. The antitumor activity was assayed by the MTT method using K562 cells. Results: A new method has been created for altering the secondary metabolism of actinomycete strain by magnetic nanoparticle-aided microwave mutagenesis. By the method coupled with the neo mutant selection, a total of 80 neo mutants were obtained from the inactive-initial strain HLF-43 and 28 of them were antitumor mutants with the inhibition rates over 20% at the 100 μg/ml sample concentration on the K562 cells. The antitumor mutants could be obtained at quite high frequency of 35% (28/80). Conclusion: Compared with the microwave mutagenesis without the aid of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle-aided microwave mutagenesis is more favorable to obtain the neo mutants resistant to higher concentration of neomycin and to obtain the antitumor neo mutants at higher frequency.

Association of the XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms with the risk of laryngeal carcinoma / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the association between the polymorphisms of X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase I (hOGG1) gene and the risk for laryngeal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This is a case-control study comprised of two groups: 72 patients with laryngeal squamous carcinoma, and 72 controls without laryngeal carcinoma. The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to analyze the XRCC1-Arg399Gln, hOGG1-Ser326Cys polymorphisms.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of XRCC1-399Arg/Gln+ Gln/Gln and hOGG1-326Ser/Cys+ Cys/Cys genotypes in the case group were higher than that of the control group(P< 0.05). There was a 3.37-fold or 2.54-fold increased risk of laryngeal carcinoma for individuals carrying XRCC1-399Arg/Gln+ Gln/Gln or hOGG1-326Ser/Cys+ Cys/Cys genotypes, compared with subjects carrying XRCC1-Arg/Arg or hOGG1-Ser/Ser genotype, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the smoking group and non-smoking group for risk of laryngeal carcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The amino acid replacement of XRCC1-399Arg to Gln and hOGG1-326Ser to Cys might lead to an increased risk of laryngeal carcinoma. The study demonstrated the positive association between the polymorphisms of XRCC1 and hOGG1 genes and laryngeal carcinoma.</p>

Cognitive function, serum BDNF levels and BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism in amnestic mild cognitive impairment / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, concentrations and BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and neuropsychological characteristics.@*METHODS@#Ninety-nine aMCI patients and 99 matched normal controls were recruited for the study. Multi-dimension neuropsychologic tests were used to extensively assess the cognitive function, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure serum BDNF concentrations, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to analyse BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism in the subjects.@*RESULTS@#The scores of neuropsychologic tests in aMCI patients were significantly lower than those in the normal controls (all P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#aMCI is characterized by episodic memory impairment. Decreased BDNF concentrations may play a role in the pathophysiology of aMCI, and BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism may not be an important genetic factor in susceptibility to aMCI.

-2548G/A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of leptin gene and antipsychotic agent-induced weight gain in schizophrenic patients: a study of nuclear family-based association / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether there is association between the-2548G/A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of leptin gene and weight gain following antipsychotic agents (APS) acute treatment in schizophrenic patients.@*METHODS@#Eight-four Chinese Han untreated schizophrenia patients in 70 nuclear families were recruited. The polymorphism of leptin gene was determined with PCR-RFLP technique. Body weight was measured in the patients on admission the and after 10 weeks treatment with risperidone or chlorpromazine.@*RESULTS@#There was an average (8.00+/-6.13)% increases in baseline weight after the 10 week treatment. There were significant differences in the distribution of allele frequencies (chi2=4.031, P=0.045) between the patients with weight changed >or=7% and <7% subgroups. Family-based association analysis further confirmed the above significant finding by transmission disequilibrium test but not by quantitative trait transmission disequilibrium test.@*CONCLUSION@#The finding confirms that the-2548G/A polymorphism in promoter region of leptin gene is associated with APS-induced weight gain.

Protective effects of ginsenoside RB3 on hypoxic/ischemic brain injury and involved mechanisms / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To observe protective effects and involved mechanism of ginsenoside Rb3 on hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, using cultured hippocampal neurons, rat hippocampal slices and intact animals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>(1) Mice were tightly closed in glasses of 150 ml, and then survival time of them was observed. (2) During simulated ischemia and after reoxygenation, changes of orthodromic population spikes (OPS) in the area CA1 of hippocampal slice were investigated. (3) By using histochemistry, the expressions of NOS in CA1 area of rat hippocampus after hypoxic exposure were observed. (4) Using LDH detection, tests of total NOS, iNOS and cNOS activity, the protective effects of ginsenoside Rb3 were investigated on cultured hippocampal neurons treated with hypoxia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Given ginsenoside Rb3 (10 mmol/L), mice survived significantly longer than that of control group. (2) The occurrence of HIP (hypoxic injury potentials) decreased after administration of ginsenosides Rb3 (60 micromol/L) in many slices, while the recovery rate and amplitude of OPS after reoxygenation were significantly higher than those of the control group. (3) In CA1 area of rat hippocampus, NOS-positive neurons increased at the end of 24 h hypoxia and further 24 h reoxygenation, while the number of NOS-positive neurons decreased after treatment with ginsenoside Rb3. (4) The LDH leakage rate of cultured rat hippocampal neurons increased at the end of hypoxia, while it decreased after treatment with Rb3. Moreover the total NOS, especially iNOS activity of these neurons also decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ginsenoside Rb3 has a significant protective effect on hypoxic-ischemic injury of neurons, and this involves the stabilization of the cell membrane, the inhibition of the expression and activity of NOS, especially iNOS activity.</p>

Construction and identification of RhoA specific siRNA expression vector in hepatocellular carcinoma cell / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To construct RhoA siRNA plasmid expression vector.Methods According to the computer aided design,RhoA-specific siRNA gene was synthesized and cloned into the RNAi-Ready Pgenesil-1 Vector.The constructed RhoA-RNAi plasmid were transfected into human HEPG2 cell.Western blot was used to detect the effect of RhoA-RNAi plasmid.Results The recombinant was cloned and the se- quence was obtained.RhoA-RNAi plasmid can down-regulate the expression of RhoA in human hepatocel- lular carcinoma cell line HEPG2.Conclusion Successfully cloning the recombinant makes it possible for searching new mechanism of RhoA in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The Acting Mechanisms of Statins and Their Application in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Stroke is one of the most important causes of disability throughout the world.Epide- miological and clinical studies have demonstrated that statins significantly decrease the incidence of ischemic stroke.In addition to lipid-lowering effect,statins may also have a number of other acting mechanisms that are not dependent on reducing cholesterol levels.Moreover,statins inhibit cerebral vasospasm caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage.For most of the individuals,the safety and tolerability of statins are well.

Progresses on Biosynthesis of Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plant / 中国生物工程杂志

There is immense interest in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFAs) on account of their health-beneficial properties.There has been considerable interest in the production of LC-PUFAs in transgenic plants to provide a cheap,sustainable and clean source of these fatty acids.Several main LC-PUFAs,their roles and metabolic pathway in plant are introducedbriefly,progresses on biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs in transgenic plant are reviewed,and strategies for improving the yields of LC-PUFAs in plant are also discussed.

Advances in Application Studies of FAD2 on Biosynthesis of Industrial Fatty Acids / 中国生物工程杂志

Many unusual fatty acids present in the seed oils of non-food plants are modified at the ?12 position either by the addition of epoxy or hydroxy groups or by the formation of triple (acetylenic) bonds or conjugated double bonds. The introduction of these functionalities into C18 fatty acids is catalyzed by a family of divergent forms of the fatty-acid ?12-desaturase (FAD2) enzyme. Genes encoding these enzymes have now been cloned from a variety of organisms and expressed in transgenic oilseeds. However,the accumulation of the intended fatty acids in transgenic plants has been relatively disappointing,and the mechanisms of these unusual fatty acids biosynthesis and transferring from phosphatidylcholine into storage triacylglycerols still need to be elucidated.