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Objective:To study the prevalence and distribution of adult thyroid diseases in urban and rural areas of Hebei Province.Methods:A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select Renqiu City and Licun Town, Luquan City of Hebei Province as the urban and rural survey sites, respectively. Questionnaire survey, physical examination and thyroid B ultrasound examination were conducted on local permanent residents (≥ 5 years of residencies) over 18 years old. The fasting venous blood sample was collected to determine the serum thyroid function indicaters.Results:A total of 2 650 adults were surveyed, including 1 393 urban residents and 1 257 rural residents (1 357 males and 1 293 females). A total of 435 patients with thyroid diseases were diagnosed, the detection rate was 16.42%. There were seven thyroid diseases, including subclinical hypothyroidism (60.92%, 265/435), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (34.02%, 148/435), hypothyroidism (4.83%, 21/435), simple goiter (3.22%, 14/435), hyperthyroidism (2.53%, 11/435), subclinical hyperthyroidism (2.53%, 11/435), and thyroid cancer (1.84%, 8/435). The detection rates of thyroid diseases in urban and rural areas were 21.18% (295/1 393) and 11.14% (140/1 257), respectively. The detection rates of thyroid diseases in males and females were 11.42% (155/1 357) and 21.66% (280/1 293), respectively. The detection rates of thyroid diseases in 18-< 30, 30-< 40, 40-< 50, 50-< 60 and ≥60 years old were 13.46% (91/676), 14.81% (81/547), 15.42% (89/577), 20.94% (85/406) and 20.05% (89/444), respectively. There were statistically significant differences between different areas, gender and age groups (χ 2 = 48.54, 50.53, 14.68, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The detection rate of subclinical hypothyroidism in adults in urban and rural areas of Hebei Province is relatively high, followed by Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Attention should be paid to the screening, evaluation, and intervention of thyroid function among urban female populations.
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Endangered animal medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine， which is distinctive in the treatment of diseases. At present， the rare and endangered medicinal materials such as tiger bone， rhinoceros horn， pangolin， antelope horn， bear bile are listed as national key protected animals， so their clinical application is limited， the current solution is mainly based on the ideas and methods of similar pharmacological effects， close genetic relationships， artificial breeding， and artificial synthesis to find and develop alternatives for endangered animal medicinal materials. Although artificially cultured bear bile and musk， and artificially synthesized tiger bone， bezoar and musk can solve the shortage of endangered animal medicines to a certain extent， there are still some problems such as difficult breakthroughs in breeding technology and incomplete recognition in the substitute industry. According to this， based on summarizing the existing substitutes for endangered animal medicines， our group proposed the concept of homology， homogeneity and equivalent of substitutes， and constructed a new idea to develop and evaluate substitutes by combining frontier biotechnology with multi-omics detection， so as to provide some support for protecting rare and endangered animals and solving the shortage of endangered animal medicines.
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OBJECTIVE： To conduct virtual screening for active component， target and pathway of TCM Yiqi ziyin decoction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus， and to elucidate the pharmacodynamic mechanism of this decoction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus at molecular level so as to provide theoretical basis for its popularization， application and rational organization. METHODS： Chemical compounds isolated from 10 ingredients of Yiqi ziyin decoction were retrieved from Handbook of Chemical Constituents of Original TCM Plants. Drug/drug-like molecules for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus were retrieved from DrugBank database. Three-dimensional molecular structures of each component were downloaded from PubChem Compound database. The structure was optimized by using Cerius2 4.10 software， and the small molecular data set of Yiqi ziyin decoction was established. Using “type 2 diabetes mellitus” as keywords， target protein of type 2 diabetes mellitus were retrieved and screened from target protein databases， and their three-dimensional structures were downloaded from protein database. The selected compound molecules （ligands） were docked with target proteins （receptors）， and small molecules with high activity （sorted according to the values of Degree and Betweenness） and target proteins with high correlation were found. The interaction mechanism between ligand and receptor was discussed by taking the fine docking of selected small molecules with target protein （N-trans-caffeoyl tyrosine molecule and glycogen synthase kinase-3β） as an example. RESULTS： There were 732 kinds of chemical components and 127 drug/drug-like molecules； 30 target proteins of type 2 diabetes mellitus were screened. According to the values of Degree and Betweenness， 8 molecules with high activity （such as N-trans-caffeoyl tyrosine， hyperin and so on） and 10 target proteins with high correlation （such as carbonic anhydrase1， glycogen synthetase kinase-3β and so on） were screened out. The interaction between N-trans-caffeoyl tyrosine and glycogen synthase kinase-3β could form hydrogen bonds and π alkylation， thus affecting the structural stability and activity of the latter and reducing blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS： In this study， it found there existed not only one molecule compound interacting with multiple targets， but also different molecule compound interacting with the same target on Yiqi Ziyin decoction for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by virtual screening， it revealed the characteristics of multi-component and multi-target synergism of TCM prescriptions at the molecular level， providing reference for screening lead compounds and structural modification of new drug for diabetes mellitus.