The effect of cooling procedures on monomer elution from heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate denture base materials

Abstract Objective To evaluate the amount of methyl methacrylate (MMA) released in water from heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base materials subjected to different cooling procedures. Methodology Disk-shaped specimens (Ø:17 mm, h:2 mm) were fabricated from Paladon 65 (PA), ProBase Hot (PB), Stellon QC-20 (QC) and Vertex Rapid Simplified (VE) denture materials using five different cooling procedures (n=3/procedure): A) Bench-cooling for 10 min and then under running water for 15 min; B) Cooling in water-bath until room temperature; C) Cooling under running water for 15 min; D) Bench-cooling, and E) Bench-cooling for 30 min and under running water for 15 min. A, B, D, E procedures were proposed by the manufacturers, while the C was selected as the fastest one. Control specimens (n=3/material) were fabricated using a long polymerization cycle and bench-cooling. After deflasking, the specimens were ground, polished and stored in individual containers with 10 ml of distilled water for seven days (37oC). The amount of water-eluted MMA was measured per container using isocratic ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC). Data were analyzed using Student's and Welch's t-test (α=0.05). Results MMA values below the lower quantification limit (LoQ=5.9 ppm) were registered in B, C, E (PA); E (PB) and B, D, E (QC) procedures, whereas values below the detection limit (LoD=1.96 ppm) were registered in A, D (PA); A, B, C, D (PB); C, D, E (VE) and in all specimens of the control group. A, B (VE) and A, C (QC) procedures yielded values ranging from 6.4 to 13.2 ppm with insignificant differences in material and procedure factors (p>0.05). Conclusions The cooling procedures may affect the monomer elution from denture base materials. The Ε procedure may be considered a universal cooling procedure compared to the ones proposed by the manufacturers, with the lowest residual monomer elution in water.

Conceptos fundamentales del protocolo modificado de plastinación a temperatura ambiente con silicona, con posterior pigmentación, y su aplicación para la conservación de placenta humana / Fundamental concepts of the modified room temperature plastination protocol with silicone, with subsequent pigmentation, and its application for the conservation of human placenta

RESUMEN: El auge experimentado en los últimos años en la aplicación de las técnicas anatómicas para la conservación de muestras anatómicas está directamente relacionado con la necesidad de preservación de los escasos especímenes con que cuentan las instituciones universitarias en relación a aumentar el tiempo de utilización del mismo. En este sentido, la plastinación es la técnica anatómica que más se destaca y que permite preservar por tiempo indeterminado, sin toxicidad, las preparaciones anatómicas. Presentamos el protocolo modificado de plastinación a temperatura ambiente con silicona, desarrollado en el Laboratorio de Plastinación y Técnicas Anatómicas de la Universidad de La Frontera, con el objetivo de aplicarla a la conservación de una placenta humana, la cual posteriormente fue pigmentada para otorgarle un aspecto más cercano a lo real.

SUMMARY: The surge experienced in recent years in the application of anatomical techniques for the conservation of anatomical samples is directly related to the need to preserve the few specimens that university institutions have in relation to increase the time of use of the same. In this sense, the plastination is the anatomical technique that stands out and that allows to preserve indefinitely, without toxicity, the anatomical preparations. We present the modified plastination protocol at room temperature with silicone, developed in the Laboratory of Plastination and Anatomical Techniques of the University of La Frontera, with the aim of applying it to the conservation of a human placenta, which was subsequently pigmented to give it an appearance closer to the real.

Técnica Anatómica para Restaurar y/o Reproducir Piezas Óseas Humanas de Difícil Obtención, para la Investigación y Docencia Científica / Anatomical Technique to Restore and/or Reproduce Human Bone Pieces Difficult to Obtain for Research and Teaching Science

Se describe una técnica para la reproducción y/o restauración de piezas óseas humanas con fines didácticos y académicos para uso científico y/o artístico. Esta técnica permite obtener preparaciones de gran calidad en textura, color y diversos parámetros morfológicos permitiendo obtener detalles y tridimensionalidad de las piezas óseas. La técnica está aplicada a la reproducción de piezas óseas humanas de difícil obtención, como son los huesos de la cabeza, sin embargo se pueden reproducir todo tipo de piezas óseas incluso con menor grado de dificultad. Nuestros resultados confirman que está técnica permite obtener un altísimo grado de fiabilidad comparado con la pieza original, por ello puede ser de gran utilidad en docencia e investigación.

A technique to reproduce and/or restore human bones for teaching, scientific, academic or artistic purposes is described. This technique allows us to obtain optimal preparations in texture, color, allowing three-dimensionality as well as subtle morphological details of bone pieces. The technique is applied for reproducing human bone pieces that are difficult to obtain, as are the bones of the head. However all types of bone pieces can be used. Our results confirm that this technique has a high degree of reliability compared with the original piece. Therefore the technique can be very useful in teaching and research.